Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0024623 (gastric cancer)
 36,219 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Twenty-eight patients with inoperable or recurrent gastric cancer were entered for a phase II study of SF-SP. Of these, 24 were evaluable for response. The SF-SP was given orally at a dose of 800 to 1,200 mg/body b.i.d. daily. Six at the evaluable 24 patients showed PR, 16 NC and 2 PD. Three of the 6 PR patients were administered 1000 mg/body/day of SF-SP and the other 3, 1200 mg/body/day. The hematological toxicities were anemia (5 cases), leukopenia (3 cases) and thrombocytopenia (3 cases). The other side effects were gastrointestinal complaints, such as anorexia (5 cases), nausea (5 cases) and stomatitis (5 cases), and a further toxic effect of pigmentation (4 cases). These side effects tended to develop dose-dependently and disappeared after the SF-SP was discontinued. It was concluded that SF-SP was beneficial for the treatment of advanced gastric cancer, and that its optimal dose was 1000 mg/body/day.
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PMID:[Phase II study of sustained released granules of tegafur (SF-SP) on inoperable or recurrent gastric cancer]. 392 8

A phase II study of THP was performed in patients with advanced gastrointestinal cancer. The dose schedule was 25 to 40 mg/m2 i.v./cycle repeated every 3 to 4 weeks. One partial (PR) and one minor response (MR) were achieved in 16 evaluable patients with stomach cancer. A case of PR had previously been shown to be resistant to doxorubicin and a case of MR resistant to aclarubicin, respectively. No objective responses were observed in 19 evaluable patients with other tumor sites in the gastrointestinal tract. Forty-eight patients were evaluable for toxic effects. Leukopenia (less than 4 X 10(3)/mm3) occurred in 54% of the patients and was dose-limiting. Thrombocytopenia (less than 10 X 10(4)/mm3) was less frequently observed (13%) than leukopenia. However, no cumulative marrow suppression was observed in repeated courses of the therapy. Non-hematologic toxic effects consisted of gastrointestinal disturbances (23%), hair loss (10%), general malaise (8%), fever (6%), ECG changes (4%) and hepatic dysfunction (2%). Further trials with a high dose schedule (40 mg/m2, q 3-4 weeks) in good-risk patients are necessary to validate the antitumor activity of THP against advanced gastrointestinal cancer.
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PMID:[Phase II study of (2''R)-4'-O-tetrahydropyranyldoxorubicin (THP) in patients with advanced gastrointestinal cancer--a report of the Tohoku THP Study Group]. 396 48

KW-2083 [7-n-(p-hydroxyphenyl)-mitomycin C] is a new mitomycin C (MMC) derivative. Its myelotoxicity was compared with that of MMC by using colony-forming unit-spleen (CFU-S) from the femurs of C57BL/6 mice. As a result, it was estimated that the intensity of myelotoxicity of MMC was four times greater than that of KW-2083. Based on this data, a clinical trial of KW-2083 was conducted in 24 cases with various types of advanced solid tumors. KW-2083 was administered by i.v. injection at a dose of 40 mg/body every week. Out of 15 evaluable cases, a case of ovarian cancer showed a partial response. One case of each of ovarian cancer and gastric cancer showed minor response. However, as with mitomycin C, the dose-limiting toxicity of KW-2083 was leukopenia and thrombocytopenia. Other toxicities encountered were nausea, vomiting, anorexia, phlebitis and hepatic dysfunction. There were no cases with renal toxicity. Plasma concentration of KW-2083 was bioassayed in 3 cases who received 40 mg/body as an i.v. bolus injection. Plasma concentration-time curves fitted to a one-compartment model and half-life values averaged 27.6 min. The effective and low toxic dose schedules of KW-2083 should be investigated further.
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PMID:[A clinical trial of a new mitomycin C derivative, KW-2083 (7-N-(p-hydroxyphenyl)-mitomycin C)]. 403 9

A phase II study of a new anthracycline, (2''R)-4'-0-tetrahydropyranyladriamycin (THP) was performed on 37 patients with gastrointestinal cancer in 6 co-operative study institutions. Twenty-five patients out of 37 were evaluable for response according to the Koyama-Saito's criteria. THP was administered weekly at doses of 10 to 30 mg/body or every 3 to 4 weeks at doses of 40 to 60 mg/body intravenously. Of the 14 patients with gastric cancer, we obtained one complete response and 3 partial responses (response rate 28.6%), and of the 6 patients with rectal cancer, we obtained one partial response (16.7%). Leukopenia of less than 3 X 10(3)/mm3 and erythrocytopenia of less than 300 X 10(4)/mm3 were seen in 48% and 26% of cases. Neither cardiotoxicity nor hair loss were seen. These results suggest that THP is useful in the treatment of patients with gastrointestinal cancer.
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PMID:[Phase II study of (2''R)-4'-0-tetrahydropyranyladriamycin (THP) in gastrointestinal cancer]. 406 15

Forty patients with hepatoma and metastatic tumors of liver were treated with rapid arterial infusion administered simultaneously using 30-40 mg of adriamycin and 10-20 mg of mitomycin C into the hepatic artery by Seldinger catheter. They were 16 patients with breast cancer, 21 with gastrointestinal tumors including hepatoma; 6, gastric cancer; 5, colon cancer; 7, gallbladder cancer; 2, pancreas cancer; 1, and three with other malignancies, respectively. Partial responses were obtained in 14 of 40 patients (35%). The response rate in patients with breast cancer was 44% (7/16), while it was 29% (6/21) with gastrointestinal tumors. The median duration of response was relatively short, being 3.5 months in the former patients and 2.3 months in the latter patients. The median duration of survival was 4.0+ months. The results indicate that this arterial infusion therapy is one of the useful treatments in the management of malignant tumors of the liver. Leukopenia less than 4 x 10(3)/cmm was seen in 63%, while thrombocytopenia less than 100 x 10(3)/cmm in 38%, and decreased hemoglobin value of more than 2 g/dl in 13%, which were quite tolerable. Gastrointestinal symptoms and hair loss were milder than those from systemic chemotherapy. Renal toxicity was seen in three patients, and two patients died of renal failure, thus the renal toxicity, which may be related to contrast media as well as anticancer agents, should be carefully prevented by proper hydration.
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PMID:[Arterial infusion of combination chemotherapy using adriamycin and mitomycin C for hepatoma and metastatic tumors of the liver]. 630 77

4'-epi-doxorubicin (4'-epi-DX) is a new anthracycline antibiotic. It differs from doxorubicin (DX) by the epimerization of the OH group in position 4' of the aminosugar moiety, and was synthesized in an effort to find agents with a superior therapeutic index to the parent compound doxorubicin (DX). 4'-epi-doxorubicin binds to DNA and inhibits nucleic acid synthesis and function. The antitumor activity of 4'-epi-DX in several experimental tumors (Leukemias L 1210, P 388, Gross Leukemia, Sarcoma 180 ascitic and solid, C3H/HE mammary carcinoma) is similar to that of DX. However, 4'-epi-doxorubicin has greater antitumor activity than doxorubicin in Lewis lung carcinoma, MS-2 sarcoma lung metastasis, and human melanoma in athymic mice. In chronic toxicity studies there were no qualitative differences between 4'-epi-DX and DX; quantitatively, however, 4'-epi-DX was less toxic. In different experimental models 4'-epi-DX has been shown to be less cardiotoxic than its parent compound. In chronic toxicity studies in the rabbit, histopathologic findings revealed the same pattern of cardiotoxicity for both drugs but less marked with 4'-epi-DX. Distribution studies in mice with tumors showed a lower concentration of 4'-epi-DX in the heart, spleen and kidneys; the hepatobiliary metabolism and excretion of 4'-epi-DX investigated in the rat, indicated that the new analogue was more extensively metabolized than the parent compound. Pharmacokinetics of 4'-epi-DX in humans showed a multiexponential decrease of plasma levels; the same pattern was observed for the metabolite 13-OH epidoxorubicinol but with lower concentrations than the unchanged drug. A high plasma clearance (0.9-1.41/min), a terminal half-life of about 30-40 hr and a large volume of distribution were the main pharmacokinetic characteristics of 4'-epi-DX. A reduction of the dose appears to be appropriate in patients with liver function impairment. Phase II studies with 4'-epi-DX have indicated that the drug produces a pattern of acute toxicity, including acute cardiac toxicity, qualitatively similar to that of DX at identical doses but quantitatively lower, with particular regard to leukopenia and gastrointestinal toxicity. The range of single active doses is between 60 and 90 mg/m2, the most frequently employed doses schedules being 75 or 90 mg/m2 i.v. every 3 weeks. 4'-epi-DX has shown activity in a variety of tumors such as breast carcinoma, soft tissues sarcomas, NH lymphomas, leukemias, ovarian cancer and gastric cancer. Preliminary evidence of activity has been found in melanoma, rectal cancer and pancreatic cancer suggesting a broad spectrum of activity. As to chronic cardiac toxicity up to now only 2 mild to moderate and reversible CHF have been observed at doses of 1120 and 1235 mg/m2 in about 700 treated patients. Specific and comparative studies are in progress: preliminary findings from a randomized comparison of 4'-epi-DX vs DX in breast cancer indicated that 4'-epi-DX may have a lower cumulative cardiotoxicity.
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PMID:4'-epi-doxorubicin, a new analogue of doxorubicin: a preliminary overview of preclinical and clinical data. 634 72

Postoperative immunochemotherapy with mitomycin C (MMC), 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and OK-432 was evaluated as adjuvant therapy for curative resection in the cases of gastric cancer. One hundred and twenty-two patients (28 were excluded) were randomly assigned to 3 groups: Group A-MMC and 5-FU (28 cases); Group B-MMC, 5-FU and OK-432 (33 cases); Group C-control (33 cases). There were no differences in the back ground factors influencing survival time among each group. Group B showed better results in survival rate and disease free interval as compared with Group A or C. Minor and reversible side effects such as enterogastric disorder, leukopenia (less than 3000/mm3), thrombo cytopenia (less than 7 X 10(4)/mm3) and elevation of serum transaminase (S-GPT greater than or equal to 100 unit) were equivalently observed in frequency in each Group A and B, but they were milder in Group B than Group A.
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PMID:[Adjuvant immunochemotherapy combined with OK-432 following surgery of stomach cancer]. 640 9

Postoperative long-term cancer chemotherapy (PLCC) with a combination of Mitomycin-C (MMC), FT-207 and PSK (an immuno-stimulant) was prescribed for gastric cancer patients subjected to curative resection. The 5 year survival rates for patients with stage III and stage IV cancer were 58.3 per cent and 50.0 per cent in the PLCC groups, 48.0 per cent and 15.4 per cent in MMC groups, and 46.3 per cent and 13.3 per cent in no chemotherapy groups, respectively. In stage IV, the survival rate in PLCC group was significantly higher than that in MMC or no chemotherapy group (p less than 0.05). In the PLCC group, there was a tendency toward a dose-dependent effect in each group, and 5 year survival rate of stage III group administered over 60 mg of MMC, 60 g of FT-207 and 270 g of PSK was 70 per cent, such being remarkably higher than 46.3 per cent in those given no chemotherapy (p less than 0.07). There was no drug related death and only a slight leukopenia and hepatotoxicity occurred in some patients.
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PMID:Late results of postoperative long-term cancer chemotherapy for the gastric cancer patients subjected to curative resection. 641 56

A controlled clinical trial of surgical adjuvant immunochemotherapy of gastric cancer was started in July, 1974 involving twelve institutes (Chairman; T. Kondo) in Japan. Patients with gastric cancer undergone curative resection were eligible. These patients were divided into 3 groups; Group A, mitomycin C (MMC) + 5-fluorouracil (5-FU): Group B, MMC + 5-FU + PSK or MMC + 5-FU + OK-432; and Group C, surgery alone. Of 1412 patients accumulated up to December 1977, 848 cases were evaluable: Group A-264 cases, group B-290 and group C-294. Side effects such as leukopenia, thrombopenia, elevated GOT and GPT, albuminuria and digestive disorders, were observed in 54 cases (20.5%) of group A and in 59 cases (20.3%) of group B. The 3-year survival rates of total cases were 79.2% with group A, 77.0% with group B and 85.2% with group C. The 2-year survival rates of histological stage II cases were 93.4% with group A, 90.5% with group B and 80.7% with group C. The difference in survival rate between A and C (12.7%) was statistically significant (p less than 0.05). The efficacy was not related to the histological type of gastric cancer. Adjuvant immunochemotherapy using OK-432 was significantly effective on a 1-year survival rate of stage IV gastric cancer.
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PMID:[Cooperative studies on surgical adjuvant immunochemotherapy for prevention of postoperative recurrence of gastric cancer]. 642 Dec 43

For the remission induction therapy of advanced gastric and rectal cancer, 25 cases were treated by non-radical irradiation (total doses: 3000-6000 rad) combined with tegafur, which minimized the tumor mass. For the reduction of tumor mass, a modified method of FAMT was employed and for the maintenance therapy of long-term chemotherapy a modified method of FAMT, MFE, MF or tegarfur alone were performed. Prolongation in survival was obtained with this combination therapy: Of 25 cases, 11 cases survived longer than one year and 6 cases longer then two years. One case of survived rectal cancer obtained disease-free for about 8 years with this treatment. But the observation period was too short to calculate one-year and two-year survival rates of all cases. The indications for application of this combination therapy were as follows; (1) Locally operable cases with myocardial infarct, heart insufficiency, poor risk or refusal of operation, (2) Very aged patients, (3) Locally inoperable cases without clinical metastasis, and (4) Primary lesion of gastric cancer with small metastasis controllable by tegafur. It was concluded that over 3000 rad of irradiation combined with tegafur was necessary to obtain the sufficient radiation effect. As for side effects, loss of appetite , leukopenia and a few case of gastric bleeding by radiation were noted. From the result this treatment modality appears to be valuable in the management of gastric and rectal cancer.
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PMID:[Chemotherapy of gastric and rectal cancers incorporating non-radical irradiation during remission induction. 1]. 642 Dec 46


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