Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0024623 (gastric cancer)
 36,219 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The skin response to 5 mug of purified phytohemagglutinin (PHA) was studied in 299 subjects, including 58 normal controls, 92 patients without malignancies, and 149 patients with nonlymphomatous cancer. Other immunological responses, such as in vitro lymphocyte stimulation (62 subjects) and skin response to purified protein derivatives (PPD) (95 subjects), were tested simultaneously to examine their correlation with the PHA skin test. A positive reaction was observed 24 hr after intradermal injection of 5 mug of purified PHA in 56 (96.6%) of 58 normal controls, 40 (49.4%) of 81 untreated patients with cancer, and 24 (35.3%) of 68 cancer patients receiving anticancer therapy. Among 32 patients with gastric cancer tested, impaired skin reactivity to purified PHA was noted in patients in stage III or IV. A correlation was found between in vivo and in vitro responses to PHA in 46 (74.2%) of 62 individuals (P less than 0.001). The PHA skin test was repeated 4 times over a period of three months in patients without malignancies, and no significant change in tehir skin reactivity was detected. In repeated tests, the skin reactivity to purified PHA of patients with lung cancer varied depending on the clinical status, and the extent and type of anticancer therapy the patients were receiving. It is concluded that the PHA skin test is a simple diagnostic method for screening for immunodeficiency in cancer patients before and during the course of anticancer therapy. Other advantages of this test are that no presensitization is required and that it can be used repeatedly.
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PMID:Phytohemagglutinin skin test: diagnostic value for showing immunodeficiency in patients with cancer. 122 17

Among 377 patients with primary hypogammaglobulinaemia, mainly common variable immunodeficiency (CVID), 316 patients survived the first 2 years after diagnosis and were the subject of a study of cancer incidence. Among the 220 patients with CVID, there was a 5-fold increase of cancer due mainly to large excesses of stomach cancer (47-fold) and lymphomas (30-fold). The excess of stomach cancer is probably related to the high frequency of achlorhydria in CVID. 3 of the 7 patients with stomach cancer and CVID survived for 5 years or longer.
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PMID:Prospective study of cancer in patients with hypogammaglobulinaemia. 285 27

We undertook this study to determine whether patients with late-onset hypogammaglobulinemia, who are at very high risk for gastric cancer, have a reduced secretion of gastrin after stimulation with food or bombesin, a potent gastrin-releasing stimulus. We compared the plasma gastrin responses to bombesin and to a standard test meal in 18 patients with late-onset hypogammaglobulinemia with those in patients with X-linked agammaglobulinemia, early-onset hypogammaglobulinemia, or hypogammaglobulinemia due to lymphoproliferative cancer, and in 30 normal control subjects. Thirteen of 18 patients with late-onset hypogammaglobulinemia (72 percent) had an abnormally low gastrin response to bombesin, as compared with none of 21 patients with other forms of hypogammaglobulinemia (P less than 0.05). After a test meal, abnormally low gastrin secretion was found in 6 of 14 patients with late-onset hypogammaglobulinemia (43 percent) and in 1 of 18 patients with other forms of the disease (6 percent) (P not significant). The plasma gastrin responses to stimulation with bombesin or food distinguished late-onset hypogammaglobulinemia from other forms, with sensitivities of 72 and 43 percent and specificities of 100 and 94 percent, respectively. Stimulated gastrin response can therefore be used as a marker for this type of immunodeficiency. The test responses also showed heterogeneity among patients with late-onset hypogammaglobulinemia and may help to identify patients with an increased risk for gastric cancer.
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PMID:Decreased gastrin secretion in patients with late-onset hypogammaglobulinemia. 337 28

The risk of developing a second primary cancer was evaluated in approximately 19,000 persons with initial cancers of the lymphatic and hematopoietic system in Connecticut between 1935 and 1982. Significant excesses for all second cancers were observed among patients with leukemia (34%), Hodgkin's disease (70%), non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (25%), and multiple myeloma (24%). In general, the risk of second cancers was greater in males than in females, even for cohorts not showing an excess of surveillance-related prostate cancer. Among patients with leukemia, significant excesses of cancers of the lung, kidney/ureter, and prostate were noted; cutaneous melanoma was elevated only in males. These excesses did not persist in the small number of long-term survivors. Possible etiologic factors included tobacco smoking for lung and kidney cancers, medical surveillance artifact for prostate cancer, and immunosuppression for malignant melanoma and lung cancer. The large number and good prognoses of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia strongly influenced the pattern of second cancers when all leukemias were analyzed together; no evidence was found for an increased risk of second cancer in patients with acute lymphocytic leukemia. A disproportionate number of subsequent cancers, particularly those of the kidney and ureter, were diagnosed incidentally at autopsy. Patients with Hodgkin's disease displayed significant excesses of cancers of the buccal cavity and pharynx, lung, female breast, and thyroid. The latter 3 sites remained significantly elevated in long-term survivors (10 yr or more postdiagnosis), so that radiation therapy may have contributed to their development. Among persons with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, cancers of the stomach, lung, brain, and connective tissue occurred excessively. The first 3 sites, plus cancers of the urinary bladder, remained elevated among long-term survivors. The brain cancer excess, not previously reported, may represent misclassification of central nervous system lymphoma. The risk of gastric cancer is reminiscent of similar findings in patients with both acquired and genetically determined immunodeficiency disorders. The alkylating agent, cyclophosphamide, used extensively in the treatment of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, is known to cause bladder cancer in man.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Second cancer following lymphatic and hematopoietic cancers in Connecticut, 1935-82. 408 98

This paper referred to primary immunodeficiency diseases (PID)-malignancy association in autopsy cases in Japan. The occurrence of malignant neoplasms almost centered upon ataxia-telangiectasia among PID in Japan. It seems to be due to extremely shorter life span in Japanese patients with PID except for in those with ataxia-telangiectasia, compared with that in European and American patients. Most of the malignant neoplasms seen in Japanese patients with PID were epithelial and were seen mostly in older patients, while lymphoreticular tumors were rare. Gastric cancer was the most frequent of the epithelial tumors.
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PMID:Immunodeficiency-malignancy association at autopsy in Japan. 665 Jan 70

Ataxia-Telangiectasia (A-T) is a rare autosomal recessive disease characterised by cutaneous telangiectasia, cerebellar ataxia, immunodeficiency, high sensitivity to ionising radiation, chromosomal instability and an increased risk of cancer. The gene mutated in A-T patients, ATM, is located on chromosome 11q22-23. ATM heterozygotes are thought to have a high tendency to develop malignancies, such as breast cancer. In order to determine the contribution of heterozygous ATM mutation to cancer, studies of cancer-affected patients have been undertaken in non site-specific cancer families and sporadic breast cancer cases. No evidence of an important role of ATM heterozygous mutations has been shown. In order to give another contribution to these results, we tried to define a specific family phenotype according to the most common cancers observed in ATM heterozygotes. Breast and gastric cancers appear to be the most frequent malignancies in A-T carriers and one ATM germ-line mutation has been described in a breast/gastric cancer family. Therefore we further investigated the role of ATM mutation in additional breast/gastric cancer families. In eighteen families associating these two malignancies, we used the protein transcription/translation test to detect ATM mutations in the index case from each family. We found one case of ATM mutation which did not cosegregate with the gastric cancer in the family.
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PMID:No evidence for constitutional ATM mutation in breast/gastric cancer families. 959 4

The public health implications of H. pylori infection are considerable in view of the universality of the infection and its attributable risk in cancer causation. Education of the population as to hygiene and nutrition are prerequisites. Total testing/screening and treatment of the infected population, although cost-effective, appears impractical given the current costs of effective antimicrobial treatment, difficulties with compliance, possibilities of side-effects and especially induction of resistance, and the potential for re-infection. A useful vaccine, probably the best hope, is years away from clinical applicability. Current recommendations focus on a selective test and treatment approach which concentrates on asymptomatic individuals at enhanced risk (gastric cancer families; recognized premalignant lesions such as atrophy, intestinal metaplasia, dysplasia, adenomatous polyps); (hypo)achlorhydria, spontaneous or drug-induced; immunodeficiency; ethnic groups; individual demand and wishes. Clinicians will need to establish their individual set of guidelines regarding 'test and treat' of asymptomatic individuals until the outcome of desperately needed clinical trials becomes available.
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PMID:Review article: Practical management issues for the Helicobacter pylori-infected patient at risk of gastric cancer. 970 Oct 9

BACKGROUND: gastric abnormalities are a common feature in patients with primary antibody deficiency. The most important problem is the high incidence of stomach cancer found in these patients. Chronic atrophic gastritis with pernicious anemia is also a common finding that predisposes to gastric adenocarcinoma. The aim of the present study was to identify factors predictive of high risk for developing gastric cancer in patients with primary antibody deficiency. PATIENTS AND METHODS: we studied gastric hormones (gastrin, somatostatin and gastrin-releasing peptide, GRP) in 47 patients (23 children and 24 adults) with primary antibody deficiency. In accordance with the World Health Organization (WHO) classification, patients were diagnosed as having X-linked agammaglobulinemia (Bruton disease) in 13 cases, common variable immunodeficiency in 28, and hypogammaglobulinemia with hyperIgM in 6. Gastric biopsy was performed in 22 patients (16 children and 6 adults). Hormone determinations were carried out by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS: baseline serum gastrin levels were normal or increased compared with controls, but the response to stimulation with a hyperproteic diet was delayed in 18 patients and lower than in controls in 7. In 4 adult patients, all with pernicious anemia, gastric biopsy revealed chronic atrophic gastritis involving the stomach corpus and antrum (type B gastritis). The absence of a normal response of gastrin secretion to stimulation with a hyperproteic diet may be explained by this finding. Serum somatostatin and GRP levels were higher than in controls. No correlations were found between these findings and patient age, type of immunodeficiency or duration of clinical manifestations.
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PMID:Study of gastrointestinal polypeptides controlling gastric acid secretion in patients with primary antibody deficiency. 1021 2

Gastric cancer associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is rare, and mostly results in a poor outcome. We report a patient with HIV infection and early gastric cancer successfully treated by gastrectomy. A 49-year-old man with a 6-year history of HIV infection underwent gastric fiberscopy, and a IIc-type depressed lesion was detected in the gastric antrum. With a diagnosis of early gastric cancer, we abided strictly by standard precautions for patients with HIV infection and carried out Billroth I gastrectomy. Histologic examination revealed that the lesion (which measured 0.9 x 0.4 cm in size), was well differentiated tubular adenocarcinoma confined to the mucosa. A review of the literature disclosed that this is the first reported case of early gastric cancer associated with HIV infection.
Gastric Cancer 2001
PMID:Gastrectomy for a patient with early gastric cancer and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. 1170 26

Retinoic acids, vitamin A-related compounds, are known to be inhibitors of telomerase. We found that fucoxanthin from the sea alga Petalonia bingamiae is a potent inhibitor of mammalian replicative DNA polymerases (i.e., pol alpha, delta and epsilon). Since fucoxanthin is a carotenoid (provitamin A-related) compound, we characterized the biochemical modes of vitamin A-related compounds including vitamin A and provitamin A in this report. Subsequently, we found that fucoxanthin, all-trans retinal (RAL, vitamin A aldehyde) and all-trans retinoic acid (RA, vitamin A acid) inhibited the activities of replicative DNA polymerases with IC(50) values of 18-190, 14-17 and 8-30 microM, respectively. On the other hand, all-trans retinol (vitamin A) did not influence any of the DNA polymerase activities. RA inhibited not only the activities of pol alpha, delta and epsilon with IC(50) values of 30, 28 and 8 microM, respectively, but of pol beta with an IC(50) value of 27 microM. The tested vitamin A-related compounds did not influence the activities of DNA polymerases from a higher plant, cauliflower, prokaryotic DNA polymerases, or DNA metabolic enzymes such as human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase, T7 RNA polymerase and bovine deoxyribonuclease I. RAL and RA should be called selective inhibitors of mammalian DNA polymerases including telomerase, and RAL was a specific inhibitor of mammalian replicative DNA polymerases. As expected from these results in vitro, some of them could prevent the growth of NUGC-3 human gastric cancer cells, and especially RAL was a potent antineoplastic agent with an LD(50) value of 19 microM. The cells were halted at G1 phase in the cell cycle by RAL.
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PMID:Vitamin A-related compounds, all-trans retinal and retinoic acids, selectively inhibit activities of mammalian replicative DNA polymerases. 1195 16


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