Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0024623 (gastric cancer)
 36,219 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Gastric cancer is the leading cause of death from cancer in China. Samples of fish sauce, a traditional seasoning, were collected in the high-risk area for gastric cancer in the Fuzhou area, Fujian Province. When fish sauce samples were nitrosated at pH 2.0, direct mutagenicity and high contents of N-nitrosamide were detected (30.9-78.0 microM); the N-nitrosamide content of three samples of fish sauce made in Guangdong and purchased from a market outside Fujian were low (2.1-6.0 microns). When the nitrosated fish sauce extract was given to newborn rats by gavage, dysplasia and adenocarcinoma were induced in the glandular stomach in the 4th and 16th experimental week, respectively. N-Nitrosamides were also found in fasting gastric juice from patients with chronic gastritis in the high-risk area of Putian. The mean concentration of total N-nitrosamides in the extracts correlated with the severity of gastritis in the stomach. These findings indicate that N-nitrosamides may play an important role in causing gastric cancer in China.
 ...
PMID:Role of nitrosamides in the high risk for gastric cancer in China. 185 40

The hypothesis that endogenous chemical nitrosation in the normal stomach in early life could play a crucial role in inducing chronic atrophic gastritis/intestinal metaplasia in later life was tested by applying the N-nitrosoproline (NPRO) test to 12-h urine samples from about 50 children (aged 8-14 years) living in high- and low-risk areas for stomach cancer. The median values of NPRO and the sum of four nitrosamino acids analysed were 0.28-0.84 micrograms/12 h and 0.75-1.75 micrograms/12 h, respectively. The NPRO level after proline intake was significantly higher in children from a high-risk area than in those from a low-risk area (p less than 0.04), and markedly reduced after ingestion of ascorbic acid and proline (p less than 0.05). Urinary nitrate level was lower than that of adults. NPRO levels on the day of proline intake, however, correlated well with nitrate levels (p less than 0.001), indicating that children in a high-risk area in Costa Rica have high endogenous nitrosation potential. Blood samples were also collected from about 300 children (aged 7-20 years) and analysed for antibodies against Campylobacter pylori, a suspected gastritis-causing bacteria. About 71% of children in both high- and low-risk areas for stomach cancer had antibodies. In addition, raw and cooked beans, which are consumed very frequently in Costa Rica, were collected from families in both areas and analysed for levels of nitrite/nitrate, total N-nitroso compounds and genotoxicity in the SOS chromotest.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:Exposure to N-nitrosamines and other risk factors for gastric cancer in Costa Rican children. 185 42

Evidence is presented suggesting that infection by Helicobacter pylori triggers and continuously contributes to the pathophysiology of progressive gastric changes that can ultimately lead to gastric cancer. In Peru, especially in population groups of low socioeconomic status, infection by H. pylori begins earlier in life and is more prevalent and persistent than in developed countries. The infection produces a destructive lesion of the mucinous surface epithelium which probably enables other aggressive luminal factors to cause further mucosal damage. As a consequence, active chronic gastritis appears. The gastritis is of the superficial type at the beginning but may progressively change to atrophic. Chronic atrophic gastritis is found more frequently and at a younger age in dyspeptic patients with low socioeconomic status--that is, in patients having higher prevalence of persistent infection by H. pylori since earlier in life. When chronic atrophic gastritis becomes severe and extensive, hypochlorhydria ensues. Hypochlorhydria favors the appearance of bacterial overgrowth, nitrites, and N-nitroso compounds in the gastric lumen. N-nitroso compounds, because of their mutagenic-carcinogenic properties, probably induce gastric premalignant lesions like intestinal metaplasia and dysplasia of the gastric mucosa. Oral bismuth therapy apparently reverses H. pylori-associated gastric dysplasia. It is proposed that future programs designed for the control of gastric cancer would be incomplete if they do not include further evaluation of the many effects of infection by H. pylori on the gastric mucosa and of cost-effective methods to eradicate the infection.
 ...
PMID:Helicobacter pylori and progressive gastric pathology that predisposes to gastric cancer. 186 95

Detection of cancer-associated antigen in feces was performed by ELISA binding inhibition method using monoclonal antibody in 25 patients with gastric cancer, 70 with non-malignant gastrointestinal diseases and 100 healthy individuals. Monoclonal antibodies used were CL-4, PS-9, PS-10 and a "cocktail" of the three. The level of cancer-associated antigens detected in feces was significantly higher in patients with gastric cancer than in healthy individuals. PS-9 and PS-10 were also significantly higher in gastric cancer than in non-malignant gastrointestinal diseases. The positive rates of CL-4 were 62.5% vs 7.0%, PS-9 44.0% vs 3% and PS-10 64.0% vs 7.0% in patients with gastric cancer and healthy individuals. When the cocktail of the three was used, the positive rates increased to 88.0% and 14% in the above two groups and 26.6% in gastritis group. These results indicate that the detection of cancer-associated antigen in feces is of value in diagnosis of gastric cancer.
 ...
PMID:[Detection of cancer-associated antigen in feces of patients with gastric cancer by monoclonal antibodies]. 187 86

The study assessed excretion of nitrates in urine and saliva and that of nitrites with saliva of patients suffering gastric and duodenal ulcer. In both study groups, a positive correlation was established between nitrate concentration in saliva, on the one hand, and that in urine, and nitrite level in urine, on the other. The groups failed to show a difference in nitrate concentrations in either urine or saliva. Since retention of nitrates in the body of chronic gastritis patients held as precancer of the stomach proved no higher than that in patients with duodenal ulcer, the authors cast doubt on endogenous nitroso compounds as a cause of gastric cancer in cases of chronic gastritis.
 ...
PMID:[Excretion of nitrates with saliva and urine and nitrite excretion with saliva in patients with chronic gastritis and duodenal ulcer]. 188 43

The causes of gastrointestinal bleedings was assessed by fiber gastroscopy, rectoromanoscopy and fiber colonoscopy. The most frequent causes of bleedings from the upper gastrointestinal tract are gastric and duodenal ulcers, erosive hemorrhagic gastritis, gastric cancer, liver cirrhosis with bleeding from varicose veins, polyps, diverticuli, Mallory-Weiss syndrome, etc. The most frequent causes of bleedings from the lower gastrointestinal tract are hemorrhoids, anal fissures, colonic polyps, chronic ulcerohemorrhagic colitis, rectal carcinoma, etc. The diagnostic importance of urgent endoscopic examinations is pointed out.
 ...
PMID:[Endoscopic assessment of hemorrhage from the gastrointestinal tract]. 189 7

Chronic gastritis is a common disease which forms an important background to the pathogenesis of several gastric diseases. In most instances, gastritis seems to be a bacterial (microbial) disease. It begins as long-lasting, chronic inflammatory reaction directed against Helicobacter pylori (HP), or occasionally against other spiral bacteria, which colonize in the space between the surface epithelium and the mucous layer. Gastritis may, irrespectively of the HP-related or HP-independent origin, progress to an atrophy (chronic gastritis with atrophy) in the underlying mucosa. Prevalence of gastritis increases with increase in age, but great variations exist in the age-specific prevalence and in mean age of onset of the gastritis in different populations. A high rate and an early onset of the HP-related gastritis associates with low socio-economic status. Chronic gastritis, and the gastritis with atrophy in particular, may interfere with the function of the affected gastric mucosa, and may subsequently increase or decrease the risk of some gastric diseases, such as cancer and peptic ulcer. Both antral and corpus gastritis with coexistent severe atrophic changes have been shown to be associated with an increased risk of gastric cancer. In addition, gastritis seems to also play an important role in the pathogenesis of peptic ulcer. Virtually all patients with DU and GU have coexisting and preceding gastritis. The cumulative risk of ulcer has been estimated to be high in subjects with gastritis, but, in contrast, to be low in subjects who have normal gastric mucosa.
 ...
PMID:The Sydney System: epidemiology and natural history of chronic gastritis. 191 35

Surface electrogastrograms were recorded in 95 patients. There were 6 groups of patients: chronic superficial gastritis (20), chronic atrophic gastritis (20), duodenal ulcer (20), gastric ulcer (17), gastric cancer (8), and diabetes mellitus (10). Electrogastrographic examination was continuously carried out for 60 minutes both in fasting and postprandial state. (1) During the fasting state, in 72% of the cases, there was a 50% to 100% change in the mean of the amplitude among six 10-minute periods of recording. (2) In 23 cases (25%), there was no amplitude increase in the postprandial electrogastrogram. Feeding caused an increase in amplitude by 30-240 microV over the prefeeding state in 70 cases (75%). (3) The distribution of amplitude in various groups of disease overlapped each other. The difference in amplitude or frequency would not be used as a diagnostic parameter of gastric diseases. (4) Tachygastria of 5-7.3 cycles per minute was observed in 15 of the 95 patients. The longest episode was a wave with 7.3 cycles per minute lasting for 20 minutes. It is difficult to evaluate the clinical significance of the observed tachygastria.
 ...
PMID:[Electrogastrography: the clinical significance of changes during fasting and postprandial state]. 191 65

Urinary excretion levels of nitrate and N-nitrosoproline were determined in 160 individuals in a Colombian population at high risk for gastric cancer. In 156 of these subjects urinary levels of 3-methyladenine and 7-methylguanine were determined. Gastric biopsy specimens were obtained from 118 individuals and were histologically characterized according to pathological criteria into the following groups: normal, superficial gastritis, chronic atrophic gastritis, chronic atrophic gastritis with intestinal metaplasia, and dysplastic. The histological changes were correlated with the four variables listed above. There were no significant differences in the excretion of nitrate, N-nitrosoproline, 3-methyladenine, or 7-methylguanine in subjects with different pathological changes. A statistically significant correlation was present between nitrate and N-nitrosoproline excretion in the total population group (r = 0.297, P = 0.0001). A highly significant correlation (r = 0.56, P = 0.0002) was noted for urinary nitrate and N-nitrosoproline excretion in individuals with intestinal metaplasia and dysplasia. An increase in the urinary excretion of 3-methyladenine and 7-methylguanine was associated with tobacco smoking in the total population group.
 ...
PMID:Urinary excretion of nitrate, N-nitrosoproline, 3-methyladenine, and 7-methylguanine in a Colombian population at high risk for stomach cancer. 198 83

Gastric cancer can be divided into two histologic types: intestinal and diffuse. To determine whether Helicobacter pylori, a bacterium linked with gastritis, was associated with either cancer type, we reviewed histologic sections from stomachs of patients who had undergone gastrectomy for gastric cancer. Of 37 of the sections with evidence of intestinal-type cancer, 33 (89.2%) contained H pylori in noncancerous tissue compared with 7 (31.8%) of 22 of the sections with evidence of diffuse-type cancer (odds ratio = 17.7; P less than .001). This association remained strong when controlled for age, sex, site, and number of sections reviewed. The prevalence of H pylori in intestinal-type gastric cancer far exceeded the prevalence of H pylori in diffuse disease and that described in the normal US population. This finding suggests that H pylori may be a cofactor in development of intestinal-type gastric cancer.
 ...
PMID:Helicobacter pylori infection in intestinal- and diffuse-type gastric adenocarcinomas. 202 82


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>