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Query: UMLS:C0024623 (gastric cancer)
 36,219 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The chief cell mass and serum pepsinogen I (PGI) have been evaluated in 18 patients with gastric cancer of intestinal type of the body-fundus. Moreover, a correlation with the parietal cell mass and the maximal acid output it has been effected. The patients have been subdivided in relation to histologic condition of the fundic mucosa. In case of gastric cancer with preatrophic fundic gastritis it has been revealed hypozymogenism with normoPGI and hypoparietalism with hypochlorhydria, in case of gastric cancer with atrophic fundic gastritis it has been revealed hypozymogenism with hypoPGI and hypoparietalism with hypochlorhydria. From this experience it emerges a similar anatomic-functional profile between gastric cancer of the body-fundus and chronic fundic gastritis without cancer. In particular, it emerges that serum PGI is a good marker of atrophic fundic gastritis, but it is not discriminant between atrophic fundic gastritis and atrophic fundic gastritis associated to gastric cancer.
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PMID:[Zymogenic cell mass and serum pepsinogen I: the cell secretory correlations in patients with gastric intestinal-type cancer of the corpus-fundus]. 143 99

Helicobacter pylori is strongly associated with both chronic gastritis and duodenal ulcer. Certain strains of H. pylori produce a vacuolating cytotoxin in vitro. At New Orleans Charity Hospital, concentrated culture supernatants from 119 of 144 (83%) H. pylori strains isolated from 86 patients at high risk of developing gastric cancer, caused vacuolization in HeLa S3 cells. Cytotoxin activity was neutralized by acid (pH 4) and basic (pH 10) solutions and proteases, and was precipitable by (NH4)2SO4, which suggests that the cytotoxin is a protein. In 66 of 86 (76.7%) patients, the H. pylori strains isolated from single or multiple sequential gastric biopsies had a vacuolating cytotoxin. These cytotoxin-positive H. pylori strains were isolated from 69% of patients with diffuse antral gastritis and 89% of patients with chronic atrophic gastritis. The latter lesion is considered a precursor of gastric cancer. The cytotoxicity persisted in sequential biopsies over an interval of several months, indicating persistence of these strains in the gastric mucosa. Fifty-eight percent (7/12) of the sera from cytotoxin-positive H. pylori-infected patients neutralized cytotoxin activity, whereas 20% (1/5) of sera from patients with H. pylori cytotoxin-negative strains and none of five H. pylori-negative patients' sera neutralized cytotoxin activity. The relevance of this cytotoxin in the pathogenesis of H. pylori-induced gastritis requires further study.
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PMID:High prevalence and persistence of cytotoxin-positive Helicobacter pylori strains in a population with high prevalence of atrophic gastritis. 144 73

The serum pepsinogens in man have been reviewed with respect to clinical and physiological significance. The many places of synthesis of pepsinogen (PG A) and progastricsin (PG C) are described. The major part of serum pepsinogen and progastricsin is synthezized in the stomach, and the findings after antrectomy indicate that the majority of the pepsinogens in serum originates from the corpus of the stomach. The concentrations of pepsinogen and progastricsin in serum in relation to stomach diseases, e.g. ulcer disease, gastritis, and cancer of the stomach, are described. Despite typical findings, i.e. hyperpepsinogenemia in duodenal ulcer disease, or hypopepsinogenemia in atrophic gastritis or stomach cancer, there is a big overlap in serum concentrations between the groups reducing the clinical value of routine measurements of pepsinogens. Most promising are the findings in stomach cancer disease, where the combined measurement of pepsinogen levels and the isozymogen Pg5 is found to be highly indicative for the presence of a gastric carcinoma. Reports state that pepsinogens are excellent markers of recurrence of gastric cancer somewhere in the body after total gastrectomy. Genetical studies have--concerning pepsinogen--proved the multiple gene/multiple loci model. There is only a single progastricsin gene in humans and no genetic heterogenity has been found. Finally, the relationship between gastric infection with the bacterium Helicobacter pylori, and elevated pepsinogen and progastricsin levels in the blood, and the search for serologic markers of gastric diseases is discussed.
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PMID:Clinical implications of serum pepsinogen and progastricsin in man. 145 83

The classification of dysplasias of the gastric mucosa used in our institute includes adenomatous dysplasia, regenerative dysplasia, and cryptal dysplasia. We compared the incidence of gastric dysplasia in three regions of China which have quite different geographical environments: the loess plateau of Wuwei area in the Gansu Province, the island of the Yangtze River in the Jiangsu Province of southern China, and the coastal area of the Liaoning Province in northern China. The mortality rate of stomach cancer in these areas is more than 50 per 100,000. We found a total of 323 cases of gastric dysplasia in these three areas. Regenerative dysplasia is the most common precancerous lesion of the stomach and was found in 40% of the cases from the three high-risk areas of gastric cancer. The background lesions consist of gastric erosions, severe gastritis, gastric ulcers, and intestinal metaplasia, which indicate that some factors causing damage to gastric mucosa are very important in the histogenesis of stomach cancer. The gastric dysplasia sites involved are different in the three geographical regions studied. On the island of the Yangtze River, cardiac dysplasia and intestinal metaplasia are common (75%), and cancer of the cardia is also common. In the other two geographical areas, antral dysplasia predominates (85 to 91%). The finding of different sites of gastric dysplasia in different geographical environments may be very important in our search for etiological factors of gastric cancer and may allow for beneficial intervention in the prevention of this disease.
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PMID:Geographic pathology on the precursors of stomach cancer. 146 19

Due to increasing number of the elderly, cases of hematemesis and melena in the aged have been increasing. The authors evaluated 69 such cases over 60 years old in whom emergency endoscopy of the upper digestive tract was carried out because of hematemesis and melena. Twenty cases are diagnosed as gastric ulcer (29%), 12 cases as esophageal ulcer and esophageal erosion (17.4%), 9 as duodenal ulcer (13.0%), 7 as gastric cancer (10.1%), 6 as Mallory-Weiss syndrome (8.7%), 6 as esophageal and gastric varices (8.7%), 4 as acute hemorrhagic gastritis (5.8%), 3 as Dieulafoy's ulcer (4.3%), and one case each of chronic pancreatitis (hemosuccus pancreaticus) and hemorrhage due to gastric angiodysplasia (1.4%). Of these cases, blood transfusion was performed in 46 cases (66.7%), and shock occurred in 27 cases (39.1%). The endoscopical hemostatic procedure was effective for detection of underlying diseases in the aged. Surgery was often impossible because of the rapid deterioration of the systemic condition due to the hemorrhage of the digestive tract.
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PMID:[Upper gastrointestinal bleeding in the elderly]. 149 78

The stomach cancer develops on dysplastic lesions of gastric mucosa. It can be found in every precancerous condition, as chronic gastritis, gastric adenoma, giant rugal hypertrophy, chronic peptic ulcer, gastric stump after partial resection, pernicious anaemia. So, this dysplastic change is not a specific lesion. Different classifications are known for grading of gastric dysplasia. Authors evaluated them compared with each other. The signs of dysplasia were studied in 306 gastric aimed biopsy specimens from 233 patients between 1979-1990. In this material severe dysplasia occurred in 20.6%. It means a frequency of 0.84% regarding all gastric endoscopies in the same period of time. The endoscopic investigation revealed a protruded lesion in 18.5% and excavated one in 45.9%. What is very important, local change could not be detected in 35.6%. Follow-up study could be performed in 49 patients in a period of 1-7 years. In this group cancer developed in five patients. By the other hand, 22 gastric carcinomas were proved amongst 233 patients. The authors' recommendation is to follow-up the patients bearing gastric dysplasia at least during 10 years after the diagnosis.
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PMID:[Clinical pathology of gastric mucosal dysplasia]. 152 86

The association between Helicobacter pylori, gastritis, and peptic ulcer is well established, and the association of infection with gastric cancer has been noted in several developing countries. However, the pathogenic mechanism(s) leading to disease states has not been elucidated. The H. pylori urease is thought to be a determinant of pathogenicity, since the enzyme is produced by all H. pylori clinical isolates. Evidence indicates that some H. pylori strains are more cytotoxic than others, with a correlation between the activity of the urease and the presence of a vacuolating cytotoxin having been made. However, the number of cytotoxins remains unknown at this time. The relationship between the urease and cytotoxicity has previously been examined with chemical inhibitors. To examine the role of the urease and its relationship to cytotoxicity, urease-deficient mutants were produced following ethyl methanesulfonate mutagenesis of H. pylori 87A300. Two mutants (the ure1 and ure5 mutants) which were entirely deficient in urease activity (Ure-) were selected. Characterization of the isolates at the protein level showed that the urease subunits lacked the ability to complex and form the active urease enzyme. The ure1 mutant was shown to be sensitive to the effects of low pH in vitro and exhibited no cytotoxicity to eucaryotic cells, whereas the parental strain (Ure+) produced a cytotoxic effect in the presence of urea. Interaction between the H. pylori Ure+ and Ure- strains and Caco-2 cells appeared to be similar in that both bacterial types elicited pedestal formation and actin condensation. These results indicate that the H. pylori urease may have many functions, among them (i) protecting H. pylori against the acidic environment of the stomach, (ii) acting as a cytotoxin, with human gastric cells especially susceptible to its activity, and (iii) disrupting cell tight junctions in such a manner that the cells remain viable but an ionic flow between the cells occurs.
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PMID:Characterization of Helicobacter pylori urease mutants. 156 78

Helicobacter pylori (H pylori) is likely the most common cause of chronic active gastritis in humans. Also, H pylori has been found in up to 100% of patients with peptic ulcer disease. Recent studies have shown that long-term infection by H pylori is associated with an increased risk of developing gastric carcinoma. The mechanism(s), however, by which H pylori causes gastritis or leads to the development of peptic ulcers and gastric cancer is not well understood. The prevalence of H pylori gradually increases with age and is much higher in underdeveloped countries. In the United States, H pylori is present in 50% to 60% of people 60 years of age and older. The prevalence of H pylori in African Americans in the United States is approximately 38% higher than that in whites in all age groups. The route of transmission of this organism is unknown, but it is most likely from person to person. H pylori infection has been rather difficult to eradicate. At present, the most effective antimicrobial therapy includes bismuth salts and two antibiotics plus an H2-receptor antagonist.
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PMID:The role of Helicobacter pylori in the pathogenesis of acid-peptic disease. 157 60

Helicobacter pylori infection is now recognized as the primary cause of active chronic gastritis in humans. Most infected persons remain asymptomatic, but are at increased risk for the development of peptic ulcer disease and possibly gastric cancer. The pathogenesis of this infection is not well understood, but motility and urease activity are virulence factors in an animal model. The eradication of H. pylori infection is associated with resolution of gastritis and a decreased rate of duodenal ulcer recurrence.
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PMID:Helicobacter pylori and gastroduodenal disease. 158 May 78

Problems in the distinction between gastritis and gastric cancer on CT and the evaluation of cancer on endoscopic ultrasonography have been highlighted. Four cases of gastric cancer in Crohn's disease draw attention to this as a disease-related complication. Patient preference for barium upper gastrointestinal study compared with endoscopy has been challenged, as has the reliability of the radiologic diagnosis of duodenitis. CT in peptic ulcer disease is evaluated and there is continued interest for interventional feeding techniques, with two papers on the fluoroscopic placement of nasoenteric tubes.
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PMID:Imaging of the stomach and duodenum. 158 Nov 30


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