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Query: UMLS:C0024623 (gastric cancer)
 36,219 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A phase II study of a new anthracycline, (2''R)-4'-0-tetrahydropyranyladriamycin (THP) was performed on 37 patients with gastrointestinal cancer in 6 co-operative study institutions. Twenty-five patients out of 37 were evaluable for response according to the Koyama-Saito's criteria. THP was administered weekly at doses of 10 to 30 mg/body or every 3 to 4 weeks at doses of 40 to 60 mg/body intravenously. Of the 14 patients with gastric cancer, we obtained one complete response and 3 partial responses (response rate 28.6%), and of the 6 patients with rectal cancer, we obtained one partial response (16.7%). Leukopenia of less than 3 X 10(3)/mm3 and erythrocytopenia of less than 300 X 10(4)/mm3 were seen in 48% and 26% of cases. Neither cardiotoxicity nor hair loss were seen. These results suggest that THP is useful in the treatment of patients with gastrointestinal cancer.
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PMID:[Phase II study of (2''R)-4'-0-tetrahydropyranyladriamycin (THP) in gastrointestinal cancer]. 406 15

The role of bodily defense against tumor by regional lymph nodes was discussed in this study, especially focused on anti-tumor effect. Anti-tumor immune response was observed in regional lymph nodes in the tumor-bearing mouse. Advance of tumor or distance between lymph nodes and tumor effected the strength of the immune responses. In clinical study, anti-tumor immune response was observed similarly on draining lymph nodes of gastric cancer or colo-rectal cancer by measuring the PHA lymphocyte blastogenesis formation, the natural killer activity and the T-cell subpopulation. The response of regional lymph nodes was suppressed in early stage cases, while that of remote nodes was preserved comparatively. As is stated above, anti-tumor immune response was confirmed in draining lymph nodes. This suggested that at least for early gastric cancer without lymph node metastasis, surgical treatment with limited lymph node dissection should be considered in order to preserve bodily defense mechanism of regional lymph nodes.
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PMID:[The role of the body's defense against tumors by regional lymph nodes]. 408 23

Among 4,184 patients with cancer of the esophagus, 55 second primary cancers were observed, whereas 64 were expected [relative risk (RR) = 0.86]. The absence of an excess risk of alcohol- and tobacco-related cancers was not anticipated. A significant 19% deficit of second cancers was found among 30,843 patients with stomach cancer. Cancer of the rectum, kidney, and lung all occurred significantly below expectation. An excess risk of ovarian cancer (RR = 1.9) was seen in women. Reasons for these findings are not entirely clear. Cancer of the small intestine is rare, and despite a relatively short survival expectation, a moderate excess of second cancers was seen among 868 patients (36 vs. 26.8). Only cancers of the liver and gallbladder were significantly elevated, and the possibility of misclassified metastases is discussed. Colon cancer is one of the most common cancers in Denmark, and 29,490 patients with this disease were at slightly lower risk for development of second cancer (RR = 0.96; 95% confidence interval = 0.9-1.0) than the general Danish population, excluding secondary colon cancers. Esophageal, stomach, and liver cancers occurred less frequently than expected. That cancers of the uterine corpus and ovary were significantly increased supports the notion that common risk factors, such as diet and endogenous hormones, influence the development of these cancers. A significant 23% deficit of second cancers was also found among 26,597 patients with cancer of the rectum, excluding secondary rectal cancer. Significant deficits were seen for cancers of the stomach (RR = 0.5), lung (RR = 0.8), and brain (RR = 0.5), and for multiple myeloma (RR = 0.4). The likelihood of underreporting of second cancers, especially of the digestive system, is discussed. However, cancer of sites previously reported to be associated with rectal cancer, e.g., the colon, breast, and uterus, did not occur below expectation. Cancers of the liver and biliary tract occurred in 4,453 patients; their average survival was only 1 year. Except for a slight excess of cancer of the ovary (5 vs. 1.6), the risk of second cancer development for all sites was consistent with unity (RR = 0.90). The risk of second cancers among 7,752 persons with cancer of the pancreas was not greater than expected (88 vs. 85.2). Males were at significant risk of kidney cancer (RR = 3.2), whereas females showed elevated rates of cancers of the uterine corpus (RR = 3.2) and ovary (RR = 3.1). No site occurred significantly below expectation.
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PMID:Second cancer following cancer of the digestive system in Denmark, 1943-80. 408 3

The risk of developing a second primary cancer was evaluated in approximately 64,000 persons diagnosed with cancer of the digestive system in Connecticut during 1935-82. Significant excesses of all second cancers combined were observed following cancer of the esophagus (58 observed vs. 33 expected), small intestine (41 vs. 24), and colon (2,268 vs. 1,714). A slight excess of multiple primaries was observed following cancer of the liver and biliary tract (47 vs. 40). The observed number of second cancers was nearly equal to the expected number for persons initially diagnosed with cancers of the stomach (251 vs. 258), rectum (952 vs. 941), and pancreas (40 vs. 40). Persons with initial cancers of the small intestine, colon, and rectum also had excess second cancers arising primarily in the colon, which suggested the influence of common etiologic factors or possibly misclassified metastases in some. Shared dietary, socioeconomic, or hormonal factors may explain the excess of uterine and ovarian cancers among patients with colon cancer and the excess of breast cancer among patients with colon and rectal cancers. Oral and respiratory cancers occurred more frequently than expected in persons with an initial esophageal cancer, which is likely due to common risk factors of cigarette smoking or alcohol intake, or both. The elevations in cancer of the prostate among males with cancers of the esophagus, small intestine, colon, rectum, liver/biliary, and pancreas are probably artifacts associated with increased medical surveillance of cancer patients. The prostate cancer excesses were limited to the first year after diagnosis of the initial cancer or decreased over time for all but cancer of the colon and small intestines. Increased medical surveillance may also contribute to the excess renal and bladder cancers seen within 5 years of diagnosis of stomach cancer. Excesses were also seen for second pancreatic cancer among small intestine and liver/biliary cancer patients and second kidney and brain cancers among those with colon cancer. The deficits of stomach and rectal cancer among persons initially diagnosed with the same tumors, respectively, were anticipated because surgical removal of the organ is the primary form of treatment. Patients with rectal cancer also had deficits of stomach and pancreatic cancers. Future research should clarify the role of diet, alcohol, metabolic and endocrine factors, and host susceptibility on the risk of second neoplasms following cancer of the digestive system.
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PMID:Second cancer following cancer of the digestive system in Connecticut, 1935-82. 408 13

This paper reports the results of a survey of gastro-enterologists' opinions and attitudes at the Stockholm, Sweden, Seventh World Congress (June 1982), elicited via a standard questionnaire in three languages. Respondents' replies were compared with those from the previous (Sixth) World Congress (Madrid 1978) on a variety of topics. As regards peptic ulcer, little change has occurred in the last four years concerning surgery, though highly selective vagotomy has become more common for duodenal ulcer. As regards drugs in routine use, this survey confirms the considerable rise in the proportion of centres prescribing H2 receptor blockers (from 48% in 1978 to 81% in 1982). As regards inflammatory bowel disease, there has been little change overall in surgical procedures though 'small' procedures have grown in popularity (such as diverting ileostomy), largely at the expense of colectomy. Most physicians would now recommend some form of cancer surveillance both for ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, the most popular modality being clinical examination plus sigmoidoscopy at 6-12 month intervals, with colonoscopy or barium enema every two years. As regards GI cancer detection, endoscopy is now the modality of choice both for gastric cancer and colo-rectal cancer. Finally, the majority of respondents confirm that they frequently encounter ethical problems both in connection with routine practice and research. By and large ethical committees were felt to be ineffective, and guidance on ethical matters (absent in many centres!) rarely takes a structured form. This last finding possibly lends weight to the O.M.G.E.'s intention to provide such guidance via its newly founded Ethical Committee.
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PMID:Sampling gastro-enterologists' opinions and attitudes at two world congresses. 614 11

A 61 year old male with a high serum alpha-fetoprotein level (2750 ng/ml) is reported. He had undergone curative surgery for early gastric cancer in June 1979, and palliative resection of a primary rectal lesion in December 1981. The postoperative alpha-fetoprotein level decreased to 1300 ng/ml but gradually increased despite the intraarterial infusion of 5-FU (9.25g) and Mitomycin-C (30 mg). He died of cachexia in February 1982. Histological examination revealed moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma; alpha-fetoprotein positive substances were found in the cytoplasm of rectal cancer cells by the enzyme labeled antibody method(peroxidase-antiperoxidase immune complex method). This rectal cancer patient had multiple primary cancers and gastric cancer.
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PMID:[Case of rectal cancer with high level of serum alpha-fetoprotein]. 619 63

We evaluated whether assay of tissue polypeptide antigen (TPA) in sera is valuable for the determination of cancer stages compared to other tumor markers such as CEA, AFP, beta2-microglobulin, ferritin, and elastase-1. The study population consisted of cancer patients (33 gastric cancers, 7 colo-rectal cancers and 15 hepatomas), 169 patients with benign gastro-enteric diseases and 72 healthy volunteers. The percentage of positive cases for TPA (higher than 200 u/l) was 61% in gastric cancer, 71% in colo-rectal cancer and 87% in hepatoma. In certain non-cancerous conditions, such as gastric ulcer (active stage), acute hepatitis and chronic hepatitis, the TPA levels were increased over the level of healthy volunteers. There was no significant correlation between TPA and the other tumor markers. Our study suggests that TPA may be useful in the identification and evaluation of cancer patients.
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PMID:[Clinical study on tissue polypeptide antigen (TPA) as a tumor marker]. 620 29

4'-epi-doxorubicin (4'-epi-DX) is a new anthracycline antibiotic. It differs from doxorubicin (DX) by the epimerization of the OH group in position 4' of the aminosugar moiety, and was synthesized in an effort to find agents with a superior therapeutic index to the parent compound doxorubicin (DX). 4'-epi-doxorubicin binds to DNA and inhibits nucleic acid synthesis and function. The antitumor activity of 4'-epi-DX in several experimental tumors (Leukemias L 1210, P 388, Gross Leukemia, Sarcoma 180 ascitic and solid, C3H/HE mammary carcinoma) is similar to that of DX. However, 4'-epi-doxorubicin has greater antitumor activity than doxorubicin in Lewis lung carcinoma, MS-2 sarcoma lung metastasis, and human melanoma in athymic mice. In chronic toxicity studies there were no qualitative differences between 4'-epi-DX and DX; quantitatively, however, 4'-epi-DX was less toxic. In different experimental models 4'-epi-DX has been shown to be less cardiotoxic than its parent compound. In chronic toxicity studies in the rabbit, histopathologic findings revealed the same pattern of cardiotoxicity for both drugs but less marked with 4'-epi-DX. Distribution studies in mice with tumors showed a lower concentration of 4'-epi-DX in the heart, spleen and kidneys; the hepatobiliary metabolism and excretion of 4'-epi-DX investigated in the rat, indicated that the new analogue was more extensively metabolized than the parent compound. Pharmacokinetics of 4'-epi-DX in humans showed a multiexponential decrease of plasma levels; the same pattern was observed for the metabolite 13-OH epidoxorubicinol but with lower concentrations than the unchanged drug. A high plasma clearance (0.9-1.41/min), a terminal half-life of about 30-40 hr and a large volume of distribution were the main pharmacokinetic characteristics of 4'-epi-DX. A reduction of the dose appears to be appropriate in patients with liver function impairment. Phase II studies with 4'-epi-DX have indicated that the drug produces a pattern of acute toxicity, including acute cardiac toxicity, qualitatively similar to that of DX at identical doses but quantitatively lower, with particular regard to leukopenia and gastrointestinal toxicity. The range of single active doses is between 60 and 90 mg/m2, the most frequently employed doses schedules being 75 or 90 mg/m2 i.v. every 3 weeks. 4'-epi-DX has shown activity in a variety of tumors such as breast carcinoma, soft tissues sarcomas, NH lymphomas, leukemias, ovarian cancer and gastric cancer. Preliminary evidence of activity has been found in melanoma, rectal cancer and pancreatic cancer suggesting a broad spectrum of activity. As to chronic cardiac toxicity up to now only 2 mild to moderate and reversible CHF have been observed at doses of 1120 and 1235 mg/m2 in about 700 treated patients. Specific and comparative studies are in progress: preliminary findings from a randomized comparison of 4'-epi-DX vs DX in breast cancer indicated that 4'-epi-DX may have a lower cumulative cardiotoxicity.
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PMID:4'-epi-doxorubicin, a new analogue of doxorubicin: a preliminary overview of preclinical and clinical data. 634 72

For the remission induction therapy of advanced gastric and rectal cancer, 25 cases were treated by non-radical irradiation (total doses: 3000-6000 rad) combined with tegafur, which minimized the tumor mass. For the reduction of tumor mass, a modified method of FAMT was employed and for the maintenance therapy of long-term chemotherapy a modified method of FAMT, MFE, MF or tegarfur alone were performed. Prolongation in survival was obtained with this combination therapy: Of 25 cases, 11 cases survived longer than one year and 6 cases longer then two years. One case of survived rectal cancer obtained disease-free for about 8 years with this treatment. But the observation period was too short to calculate one-year and two-year survival rates of all cases. The indications for application of this combination therapy were as follows; (1) Locally operable cases with myocardial infarct, heart insufficiency, poor risk or refusal of operation, (2) Very aged patients, (3) Locally inoperable cases without clinical metastasis, and (4) Primary lesion of gastric cancer with small metastasis controllable by tegafur. It was concluded that over 3000 rad of irradiation combined with tegafur was necessary to obtain the sufficient radiation effect. As for side effects, loss of appetite , leukopenia and a few case of gastric bleeding by radiation were noted. From the result this treatment modality appears to be valuable in the management of gastric and rectal cancer.
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PMID:[Chemotherapy of gastric and rectal cancers incorporating non-radical irradiation during remission induction. 1]. 642 Dec 46

In 21 cancer patients receiving administration of FT-207 suppositories, we studied the concentration of FT-207 and 5-FU in the blood before surgery, and in the blood and tissues-tumor, normal and lymph node-sampled during surgery. These 21 cases were comprised of 12 cases of stomach cancer, 1 case of lymphosarcoma, 4 cases of rectal cancer, 2 cases of sigmoid cancer and 2 cases of breast cancer. Two hours after administration, the concentration of 5-FU reached its highest level and continued to maintain a level at which it could be expected to bring about clinical results even after four hours. The concentration of 5-FU in tumors and lymph nodes was high, especially in tumors compared with normal tissue (p less than 0.01). No difference could be found in the concentrations of FT-207 and 5-FU in serum and tissues from each 12 cases of stomach cancer, not only between of the early cancer and advanced cancer but also between patients more than 60 years old and those under 60 years old. No side-effects occurred in any case during suppository administration.
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PMID:[Study on the concentration of FT-207 and 5-FU in serum, lymph nodes and tissues after administration of FT-207 suppositories]. 643 99


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