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Query: UMLS:C0024623 (gastric cancer)
 36,219 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The poor prognosis of gastric carcinoma can be improved by intensification of early diagnostics and adequate surgical measures. To avoid local recurrent tumour growth at the resection lines total gastrectomy is necessary if the tumour is located in the upper and middle third of the stomach as well in the case of diffusely infiltrating tumours in the distal third. To prevent relapses in the regional lymphatics radical lymph node dissection should be performed. Remission rates in advanced gastric cancer are high after combination chemotherapy with 5-fluorouracil and nitrosourea. Postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy seems to be successful according to newer communications. Basic problems of adjuvant chemotherapy in gastric cancer are discussed.
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PMID:[Current therapeutical aspects in gastric carcinoma (author's transl)]. 53 2

The surgical and liver scintigraphic findings were compared for evaluation of preoperative diagnostic value in 146 cases of gastric carcinoma. Correct diagnosis was found in 95% with a false negative rate of 2.7% and a false positive rate of 27%. In all the false negative cases, the size of all space-occupying lesions within the liver was less than 3 cm. in diameter. In view of the high percentage of correct diagnosis (95%), we believe that the preoperative liver scintigraphy is very useful clinically. Furthermore, we documented that liver metastasis is a late complication of gastric cancer and suggest that new diagnostic tools are needed to assess the presence of nodal metastasis, serosal infiltration and peritoneal dissemination.
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PMID:Clinical significance of preoperative liver scintigraphy in gastric cancer. 59 61

The cytology of the stomach aims at detecting the carcinoma. For the obtaining of cell material today mainly endoscopically well-aimed techniques are applied. In other words: The diagnostic results decisively depend on the abilities of the endoscopist who has to discover a suspect region in the stomach and to take off the material in a well-aimed way. Under these aspects and prerequisites, in fact, any type of stomach cancer can be cytologically diagnosed. For the differentiation between tumourous cells and non-tumorous cells the changes of the gastric mucosa with non-malignant diseases are important (chronic gastritis, ulcer, erosion) for the cytologist. Often, with stomach cancer the stomach cell findings resemble those arrived at with non-malignant stomach diseases. Characteristic cytological findings with gastritis, ulcer and erosions are demonstrated. The clinical diagnostics of these diseases is the task of endoscopy and biopsy. The problem of the so-called false positive cell findings is discussed. Ways towards a quantitative diagnostics are being opened by cytophotometric methods. The author states first experience of his own gathered by applying the DNA-determination in individual cells and in the flow-through method.
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PMID:[Significance of cytology in diagnostics of non-malignant lesions of gastric mucosa (author's transl)]. 61 Jun 73

The primary aim of the Japan--Hawaii Cancer Study was to identify factors that could explain the changes in cancer risk experienced by Japanese who migrated to Hawaii. Many investigations were conducted in this long-term prospective study since its inception in 1971. Among the findings that relate to gastrointestinal carcinoma were the following: 1) Bowel transit time does not appear to be related to the occurrence of large bowel cancer or to any of the benign conditions with which it is associated; 2) adenomatous and hyperplastic polyps, as well as diverticula, are much more prevalent among autopsy specimens from Japanese who had lived in Hawaii than of those in Japan; 3) adenomatous polyps and diverticula are positively associated with atherosclerosis in the necropsy population in Hawaii; 4) although the incidence of the diffuse histopathologic type of gastric cancer does not differ appreciably among the Japanese in Hawaii and Japan, the migrants have a significantly lower incidence of the intestinal type of stomach cancer; and 5) case-control studies indicated that the two conditions frequently associated with gastric carcinoma, i.e., gastric ulcer and intestinal metaplasia of the stomach, are associated with high salt intakes and adherence to the traditional Japanese diet.
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PMID:Gastrointestinal carcinoma in the Japanese of Hawaii: a status report. 61 38

In an attempt to determine the significance of increased beta-glucuronidase content of gastric juice of patients with gastric carcinoma, gastric mucosal cells were exposed, in organ culture technique, to a known gastric carcinogen and indices of carcinogenic activity were studied in the ambient fluid and in the mucosal cells. Isotopic methods were used to determine cell viability. Indices of carcinogenic activity in the ambient fluid were beta-glucuronidase and lactate production and changes in the LDH isoenzyme pattern of the homogenates of the exposed cells were also studied. Incubation with the carcinogen resulted in increased production of beta-glucuronidase and lactate, suggesting the increased beta-glucuronidase activity in the gastric juice of patients with gastric cancer indicates malignancy.
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PMID:beta-Glucoronidase and the gastric epithelial cell. A study using organ culture. 61 35

Gastric carcinoma following operation for benign peptic ulcer disease has been considered rare but nine patients have been seen during the past five years. All were male patients, the average time interval from prior ulcer operation to development of cancer was 17 years, but was a short as ten years. The symptoms of cancer are vague and the diagnosis is often delayed. Fiberoptic endoscopy with biopsy of suspicious areas is the most accurate diagnostic approach. Resection of the tumor is indicated if feasible. The poor prognosis of this malignancy is documented. The evidence is reviewed that the creation of achlorhydria with bile reflux increases the risk of development of gastric carcinoma. All patients who undergo peptic ulcer operation require careful long-term follow-up. Vague gastrointestinal symptoms occurring ten years or more after peptic ulcer operation require full evaluation to exclude the presence of gastric cancer.
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PMID:Gastric carcinoma following operation for peptic ulcer disease. 63 80

The records of 1,497 patients with histologically proven adenocarcinoma of the stomach were reviewed from Charity Hospital over the 25-year period, 1948 to 1973. The operability rate was 82% and the resectability rate was 48%. In this series gastric carcinoma predominated in males and Negroes. Necropsy studies indicate a similar frequency of involvement of various organs in patients not operated upon as well as those subjected to a prior operation, which suggests the need for some therapeutic endeavors aimed at a wider base than the primary organ. The five-year survival rate, 7.4 overall, varied from 2.0% after esophagogastrectomy to 22.1% after radical subtotal gastrectomy, and to 30.3% for those with localized disease. One hundred one patients survived five years or more, and 5.4% survived ten years or more after the diagnosis of gastric cancer. Radical subtotal gastrectomy gave the best results in this series, whether measured in terms of median survival, five-year survival, or operative mortality. Esophagogastrectomy and by-pass procedures had high mortality and low survival rates, and should be reserved for special conditions.
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PMID:Adenocarcinoma of the stomach: review of 1,497 cases. 63 80

The results of histological examinations of gastric biopsies are presented; over 20% of the biopsies are sent for examinations with the diagnosis of cancer of suspected cancer of the stomach. Histological examinations of gastrobiopsies confirm only 62% of definite endoscopic diagnoses of gastric cancer which is explained either by a wrong choice of the affection area for biopsy or wrong evaluation of the gastroscopic picture of early cancer. It was first discoverd in 15.5% of cases of histologically confirmed gastric cancer in first examinations of materials of gastric biopsies. Early carcinoma was found in over half of these cases. Erroneous diagnoses in examinations of materials from gastric biopsies were established in 3.5% of the cases. They include both false positive and false negative conclusions on gastric cancer.
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PMID:[Diagnostic possibilities of gastric biopsy in stomach cancer]. 67 54

In order to evaluate the effect of anticancer drugs on the metastatic lesions of the regional lymph nodes from stomach cancers removed after oral administration of 5-FU emulsion, histological examinations of the specimens obtained from 107 surgical cases were carried out. In additional 13 cases with gastric cancer, the active 5-FU concentrations in the regional lymph nodes were determined. The effect of 5-FU emulsion in metastatic lesions as determined was histologically classified into Grades 0 to III according to the severity and extent of damaged cells and cell nests Grades II and III were judged to demonstrate the beneficial effect of the 5-FU emulsion. Such changes were identified in 62.0 per cent of the 242 metastatic lymph nodes, and the effectiveness increased as the total dose of the 5-FU emulsion administered increased (50.9 per cent for 5,000 mg or less, 70.9 per cent for 5,000 to 6,000 mg, and 72.7 per cent for 6,000 mg or more). The rate of effectiveness also varied with the histological type of the primary carcinoma, i.e. the differentiated type being more sensitive. The mean active 5-FU level in the regional lymph nodes was higher after the administration of 5-FU emulsion than of 5-FU solution supporting the earlier animal experiments.
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PMID:Histological evaluation of the effect of 5-FU emulsion on lymph node metastasis of stomach cancer. 68 90

1. Significant differences in the survival rate between the control and MMC groups were observed for carcinoma simplex, in Stage III in the first and fourth studies, and also for 5FU group in the fifth study for carcinoma simplex and Stage III. 2. For Stage I patients, chemotherapy as an adjuvant to surgery may not be necessary because it decreased the survival rates in the second, third and fourth studies. 3. Total dosage of more than 0.6 mg/kg MMC is necessary to obtain a significant difference in the survival rate between the control and the treated groups. Further controlled clinical studies are necessary to determine the effects of a long-term and multiple combined chemotherapy as an adjuvant to surgery in gastric cancer. These problems are under consideration in the following studies.
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PMID:The current status of chemotherapy for gastric cancer in Japan with special emphasis on mitomycin C. 70 8


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