Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0024623 (gastric cancer)
 36,219 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Proton beam radiation therapy using 250 MeV protons was carried out on two patients with early gastric cancer (T1, N0, M0). One patient was an 85-year-old man with early gastric cancer of type IIa + IIc. The other one was a 70 year old man with early gastric cancer of type IIc. In both cases histological examination of biopsy specimens showed differentiated adenocarcinoma; distant metastasis was not found by other examinations. Both patients were considered inoperable due to their poor cardiac and/or respiratory functions. Therefore, it was decided to treat them by definitive proton irradiation, delivering total doses of 86 Gy and 83 Gy, respectively. In both patients, skin erythema that did not require any special treatment was found in the irradiation field. Hematobiological examinations did not show any abnormality. Although endoscopic examination at two years after irradiation in the former case and at seven months in the latter case showed persistent gastric ulcer at the site of the cancerous lesions, cancer cells were not found histologically. Therefore, we concluded that proton irradiation therapy was useful for inoperable early gastric cancers.
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PMID:Definitive proton beam radiation therapy for inoperable gastric cancer: a report of two cases. 164 84

An indirect immunofluorescent method with polyclonal antibodies to thymidine was used to assess the proliferative activity (PA--percent of cells in the S-phase of the cell cycle) of 79 stomach tumors from primary cancer patients. Stomach cancer PA was shown to vary from 0.1 to 69.7%. PA did not depend either on a tumor size or a degree of the involvement of regional lymph nodes. The mean PA of well-differentiated adenocarcinoma was slightly lower (14.9 +/- 4.7%) than that of low differentiated ones. Of 79 patients a tumor process was interpreted as a resectable one in 62. They were given preoperative irradiation at a total focal dose of 36 Gy followed by operation. In addition to initial investigation PA in tumor biopsy specimens was assessed after delivering a dose of 12 Gy. PA changes at the beginning of a course of irradiation were compared with a degree of a radiation injury of tumor tissue after a course of irradiation was discontinued in 32 (explorative laparotomy was performed in 30). It was shown that tumor radioresistance could be predicted in unchanged PA indices of their increase at the beginning of a course of irradiation with the probability of 95%.
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PMID:[The proliferative activity of stomach cancer and evaluation of its individual radiosensitivity]. 165 Apr 19

Overexpression of the Multiple Drug Resistance gene (MDR1) has been proposed as a major mechanism related to both intrinsic and acquired resistance to chemotherapeutic agents. The gene product is a membrane protein (P-glycoprotein), that acts as an energy-dependent drug efflux pump decreasing drug accumulation in resistant tumor cells. We have characterized MDR1 and P-Glycoprotein expression in human gastric adenocarcinoma and in precursor lesions. MDR1 mRNAs, analyzed by dot-blot technique, were detected in 9 of 10 non-tumoral gastric mucosae and in 8 of 10 gastric adenocarcinomas. Immunohistochemical analysis, using the MRK16 monoclonal antibody, revealed heterogeneous expression of P-Glycoprotein in individual cells. The P-Glycoprotein was found on the surface of cells of gastric areas with intestinal metaplasia subtype III. This type of intestinal metaplasia, also called "colonic metaplasia", has been strongly associated with a high risk for the development of gastric cancer. The fact that the P-Glycoprotein was detected in this precursor lesion is consistent with the intestinal metaplasia-dysplasia and carcinoma sequence proposed in the histogenesis of this tumour. The finding that P-Glycoprotein was heterogeneously expressed in malignant cells of some gastric adenocarcinomas also suggests that this transporter system probably contributes to primary and secondary multidrug resistance in this neoplasm.
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PMID:Multidrug resistance gene and P-glycoprotein expression in gastric adenocarcinoma and precursor lesions. 167 10

The clinical significance of tumor-associated glycosylated antigen, sialylated Lewisx (SLEX) was demonstrated with reference to pulmonary diseases by fluorescent enzyme immunoassay. In benign lung diseases 5.5% were positive for serum SLEX. Lung cancer, the highest percentage positivity was seen in adenocarcinoma (41.7%), and clinical stage III and IV showed 36.2% and 41.9%, respectively. These results indicate that SLEX might conceivably be useful as a tumor marker, particularly for adenocarcinoma of the lung. Using Sephacryl S-1000 columns the elution profiles of sera and bronchoalveolar lavage in cases of lung cancer, gastric cancer and diffuse panbronchiolitis were also investigated, and it was concluded that the release mechanism of the antigen into blood stream in the malignant diseases is different from that in benign disease and the carrier protein binding to the antigen varies according to the disease.
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PMID:[The clinical significance of tumor-associated glycosylated antigen, sialylated Lewis]. 168 96

To elucidate the biological and clinicopathological significance of endocrine differentiation in gastric adenocarcinoma, an immunohistochemical study was made of 127 cases with ascertained five-year survivals, and of 45 recent cases of bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) labeling. Endocrine differentiated cancer cells were demonstrated in 37 out of the 127 cases (29.1%) evaluated by chromogranin A (CGA) immunoreactivity, and all CGA-positive tumors were classified as advanced gastric cancer. Analysis of retrospective five-year survival rates revealed the adenocarcinomas with endocrine differentiation to have had significantly longer survival times than those without endocrine immunoreactivity in stage II, but not in stages III or IV. Double immunolabeling for CGA and BrdU in the other 45 adenocarcinoma cases showed only a single CGA-positive cancer cell with BrdU incorporation among a total of 454 CGA-positive cells examined. There was no significant difference between the labeling indices of the general cancer population and the cancer cells adjacent to CGA-positive cells. In conclusion, endocrine differentiation of gastric cancer is not uncommon, particularly in advancing cancer, and it would be a useful marker for a better prognosis in stage II. Probably, endocrine differentiated cancer cells are almost dormant with virtually no DNA synthesizing activity, and their paracrine effect is most unlikely to work in vivo.
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PMID:Biological and clinicopathological significance of endocrine differentiation of gastric adenocarcinoma evaluated by double immunohistochemical labeling for chromogranin A and bromodeoxyuridine. 170 42

Lymphocytes obtained from regional lymph nodes and spleen in the patients with gastrointestinal carcinoma were fused with the human B lymphoblastoid cell line GC01 and human hybridomas producing human monoclonal antibody (MoAb) were derived. Human MoAb No. 235 (IgM) derived from spleen cell of a gastric cancer patient reacted with adenocarcinoma of stomach, colon, and pancreas in the new immunohistochemical assay, modified direct immunoperoxidase method, and reacted with KATO III cells in cultured cell lines. The antigenic determinant of this antibody was suspected to be protein moiety after enzyme treatment. The competitive binding inhibition assay indicated that its epitope was different from anti-CEA monoclonal antibodies (KM10, A10, B9, AH3, JA4) and KM01. These findings suggested the possible use of human MoAb No. 235 for clinical application of targeting cancer chemotherapy in the future.
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PMID:[Production of human monoclonal antibody reactive with gastrointestinal carcinoma]. 170 44

The asialocarbohydrate antigen YH206 is expressed on adenocarcinoma-associated mucin molecules which lack epitopes of CA19-9 and DU-PAN-2. To further characterize this molecule, the monoclonal antibody BM2 against the affinity-purified antigen YH206 was established. It was demonstrated by an inhibition test that antigen BM2 was an X-hapten-like structure, one of the representative oncodevelopmental antigens. Although the sensitivity of antigen BM2 in sera of stomach and pancreas cancer patients did not appear to be superior to that of antigen YH206, both antigens were complementary to each other resulting in the improvement of sensitivity. Interestingly, double-determinant enzyme immunoassays showed that antigen BM2 and YH206, both having a cryptic nature for neuraminidase, were co-expressed on the same mucin molecule in sera of patients with stomach cancer or liver cirrhosis. These data suggest that mucin molecules in serum might be classified into several groups based on the distribution of tumor-associated epitopes.
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PMID:Co-expression of X-hapten-like antigen and antigen YH206 on mucin molecules. 170 71

Subtotal gastric resection usually provides the best palliation in advanced gastric cancer; however, if total gastrectomy (TG) is required there is doubt about its benefit. The authors reviewed 53 consecutive patients undergoing TG for advanced gastric adenocarcinoma between 1980 and 1989. Indications for TG were tumor location in 30% and extent of tumor in 70%, including nine patients (17%) with linitis plastica. Four patients (8%) died postoperatively, and six patients required reoperation for postoperative complications. The median postoperative hospital stay was 13 days. The median survival was 19 months, and 13 patients (24%) lived for more than 2 years. The quality of life was graded in survivors as good in 59%, satisfactory in 28%, and poor in 13% of patients. It was concluded that TG is a worthwhile procedure for selected patients, even in the presence of advanced disease, providing prolongation of good quality of life with low morbidity and mortality.
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PMID:Total gastrectomy for advanced cancer. A worthwhile palliative procedure. 171 28

A multicenter cooperative study was conducted to compare the clinical efficacy of UFT-M (UFT, Mitomycin C (MMC)) and UFT-D (UFT, Doxorubicin (DXR)). A total of 62 cases with adenocarcinoma were enrolled in this study. Eligible cases included 25 patients with gastric cancer, 22 with pancreas or biliary tract cancer and 10 with other cancers. They were divided into two groups; 30 in UFT-M and 27 in UFT-D. The treatment schedules were as follows: UFT 400-600 mg/day orally every day, MMC 4-6 mg/m2, IV, every week (UFT-M); UFT 400-600 mg/day orally every day, DXR 20 mg/m2, IV, every 3 weeks (UFT-D). For gastric cancer, 3 of 17 cases treated by UFT-M showed PR, whereas no case showed PR in UFT-D. As for toxicity, bone marrow suppression was more commonly observed in UFT-M than in UFT-D. There was no statistical difference in survival between the two treatment regimens. These results suggested that UFT-D was not effective but UFT-M was a more promising combination therapy against advanced gastric cancer.
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PMID:[Comparative study of UFT plus mitomycin C and UFT plus doxorubicin in adenocarcinoma. Hirosaki Cooperative Group of Cancer Chemotherapy]. 173 31

We have evaluated the effect of 5-fluorouracil 600 mg/m2, doxorubicin ('Adriamycin') 40 mg/m2, and Mitomycin-C 4 mg/m2 (FAM) in two groups of patients with adenocarcinoma of the oesophagus, as either a preoperative or primary treatment. Response was assessed by barium swallow, CT scan, and measurement of metastases where present. Toxicity was as reported for FAM in gastric cancer. In the operated group 8 of 22 patients (36%) showed a partial response following two courses of FAM. Resection was completed in 20 patients, with six hospital deaths (30%). Of the 14 patients who were discharged from hospital, 8 have died (median 8 months) and 6 are alive at 12 to 27 months, with known recurrence in 1. In the non-operated group 6 of 17 patients (35%) showed a response, one complete, following one to six (mean 4.2) courses of FAM. Fifteen patients have died (median 5 months), and 2 are alive and free from disease at 12 and 17 months. Neoadjuvant therapy with FAM in adenocarcinoma of the oesophagus offers no advantage over surgery alone, although with inoperable disease FAM may be of use in palliation.
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PMID:A phase II study of 5-fluorouracil, adriamycin and mitomycin-C in adenocarcinoma of the oesophagus. 174 30


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