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Query: UMLS:C0024623 (gastric cancer)
 36,219 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

NAD- and NADP-dependent dehydrogenases in gastric adenocarcinoma and undifferentiated cancer cells were studied comparatively. The activity of NADP-dependent malate dehydrogenase, glutamate dehydrogenase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase was found to be high in gastric adenocarcinoma, while there was noted a more high activity of succinate dehydrogenase and NAD-dependent malate dehydrogenase in undifferentiated cancer. Differences ni the activity of oxido-reductive enzymes in adrenocarcinoma and undifferentiated cancer are discussed from the standpoint of various histogenesis of these forms of gastric cancer.
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PMID:[Oxidoreductase activity in the cells of stomach cancer]. 48 98

Thirty-five patients with advanced-stage metastatic or unresectable gastric adenocarcinoma were given combination chemotherapy consisting of fluorouracil, doxorubicin, and 1,3-bis (2-chlorbethyl)-1-nitrosourea. Two patients achieved complete remission and 16 partial remission to give an overall response rate of 52%. Six further patients (17%) had stable disease, while in 11 (31%) the disease showed clear-cut progression despite treatment. The only pretreatment factors that suggested poor prognosis were poor initial patient performance and the stomach as the predominant site of disease. Patients responding to treatment had a significantly longer time to relapse (median 48 weeks) than patients with stable disease (median 16 weeks) and a significantly improved survival time (medians, 52 weeks with 30% of patients' living at 88 weeks and 32 weeks with all dead at 64 weeks respectively). Comparing these results with those in other reports indicated that the three-drug combination chemotherapy consisting of fluorouracil, doxorubicin, and either a nitrosourea or mitomycin was superior to single and two-drug regimens and currently represents the optimum treatment for advanced-stage gastric cancer. Gastric adenocarcinoma should now be considered to be a gastrointestinal malignancy that is relatively susceptible to chemotherapy, and studies of these improved chemotherapeutic regimens as post-surgical adjuvants may lead to further improvements in prognosis.
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PMID:Improved combination chemotherapy in advanced gastric cancer. 52 14

A case of gastric adenocarcinoma is reported where the first symptom was a solitary calcaneal metastasis. The metastastic symptoms occurred in previously fractured bone, one year before the onset of gastric symptoms. This history is rare and the eight cases found in the literature where gastric cancer has started with solitary bone metastasis are reviewed.
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PMID:Solitary calcaneal metastasis as the first sign of gastric cancer. A case report. 66 16

142 cases of gastric cancer, 20 cases of chronic ulcer, 800 gastrobiopsies, performed for chronic gastritis, were studied morphologically. Adenocarcinoma and undifferentiated gastric cancer were found to have different precancerous lesions in the background. It was shown that among undifferentiated cancers the signs of chronic ulcer preceding cancer are noted more frequently than among adenocarcinomas. Grave forms of atrophic gastritis and gastritis of the mucous membrane regeneration beyond the tumor were revealed more frequently in adenocarcinomas than in undifferentiated cancers. These precancerous affections were found to be associated with the proliferation of different cell elements of gastric mucous membrane, that conditions various listogenesis of basic histological forms of cancer of the stomach. The proliferation of the lining-gastric pit epithelium, mainly observed in gastritis, results in the appearance of adenocarcinomas. The proliferation of the glandular epithelium, particularly that of glandular ducts in ulcerous disease would condition the development of undifferentiated forms of gastric cancer.
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PMID:[Precancerous changes and the histogenesis of stomach cancer]. 67 22

Quantitative estimation of the nucleic acids content in the preparations stained with gallocianine-chromic alum was made in 20 cases of stomach cancer. Coefficients of the ratio of the nucleus section surface and the cytoplasm, the ratio of DNA + RNA of the nucleus to RNA of the cytoplasm, and of DNA of the nucleus to the sum total quantity of RNA in the nucleus and the cytoplasm, the index of DNA accumulation were compared in adenocarcinomas (210 cells) and undifferentiated cancers (390 cells) of the stomach. The ratio of the nucleus surface and the cytoplasm, DNA + RNA of the nucleus to RNA of the cytoplasm was higher (statistically significant value) in adenocarcinomas as compared with undifferentiated cancers of the stomach. This allows to suggest a lower differentiation of adenocarcinoma cells in comparison with tumour cells of undifferentiated forms of stomach cancer.
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PMID:[Quantitative assessment of the degree of stomach cancer cell morphologic dedifferentiation]. 67 52

From the clinical and pathologic findings, the characteristics of recurrence of gastric cancer more than five years postoperatively were evaluated as compared with recurrence of less than five years postoperatively. The late (more than 5 years postoperative) recurrence rate was 2.0 per cent, or 17 of 864 patients who had undergone the so-called radical operation. The duration of disease prior to the first operation was comparatively long in the patients with late recurrence. Late recurrence is characteristic of localized cancer, such as Borrmann's type II, and differentiated adenocarcinoma with nonserosal invasion (pathologic findings of the resected stomach at the first operation) and by a recurrence pattern of hematogenous metastasis, especially liver metastasis.
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PMID:Clinical and pathologic evaluation of patients with recurrence of gastric cancer more than five years postoperatively. 70 97

Ultrastructural and histochemical studies on human gastric cancer cells disclosed the presence of native and synthesized glycogen particles. The glycogen particles were investigated in the histochemical synthesis of glycogen particles from glucose 1-phosphate by the phosphorylase-branching glycosyltransferase system and non-incubated native glycogen in human gastric adenocarcinoma tubulare. It was observed that focal synthesis localized inthe intracytoplasmic matrix and intranucleus. Intranuclear synthesized glycogen appeared as a rosette form ranging from 1100 to 1300 A in diameter and free particles ranging from 325 to 900 A in diagmeter. The synthesis of glycogen appeared in the nucleus as well as in the cytoplasm of the human gastric cancer cells, and the synthesized glycogen was observed as a group of particles. Newly formed glycogen particles appeared occasionally in the interchromatin area as a large macromolecular structure of rosette form. Native glycogen appeared as a free-particle (250-333 A, medium =300 A) and aggregated rosette from (694-1050 A, medium=917 A) in the autophagosome of gastric cancer cells. There was not, however, a native glycogen particle in the nuclei of gastric cancer cells. Under certain conditons the nuclei of gastric cancer cells can acquire the capacity to synthesize glycogen.
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PMID:Intranuclear synthesized and native glycogen particles in human gastric cancer: ultrastructure and histochemistry. 83 12

Histological and histochemical studies of stomach cancer and comparisons of characteristics of highly differentiated adenocarcinoma (24 observations) and nondifferentiated cancer (51 observations) revealed no differences in the character of the secret and in the activity of alkaline phosphatase in tumoral cells of glandular and nondifferentiated cancer. At the same time different localization of primary cancer was established: nondifferentiated cancer--in the region of glandular necks and basal parts of the mucosa, adenocarcinomas--in the surface regions. Comparison of the data obtained with features of physiological regeneration of the epithelium of the gastric mucosa justifies the assumption that foveate epithelium of nondifferentiated cancer, epithelium of the glandular neck, was the source of origination of adenocarcinoma. A different histogenesis of adenocarcinoma and nondifferentiated cancer accounts for their morphological differences and characteristics of the clinical course.
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PMID:[Histogenesis and morphological characteristics of stomach cancer]. 84 31

Studies of the ultrastructure of stomach cancer were carried out: adenomacarcinoma (4 observations), signet ring cell carcinoma (1 observation), nondifferentiated cancer (1 observation). In 5 out of 6 observations cells of each tumour were homogeneous in principle. Signs of differentiation were revealed in them in a various degree of manifestation in any one direction: according to the type of additional or surface cells in 3 adenocarcinomas; according to that of goblet cells in signet ring cell carcinoma. In the case of nondifferentiated cancer signs of differentiation were absent. In one observation the cells of adenocarcinoma had ultrastructural features of various cells: mucoid, chief, parietal, endocrine, enterocytic, goblet cells. In a part of cancer cells there were noted combined ultrastructural signs of various cells of the gastric mucosa.
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PMID:[Ultrastructural signs of differentiation of stomach cancer cells]. 86 Sep 30

Methods have been established to produce gastric cancer in rats and dogs by administration of N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine or of the ethyl derivate. The agent is administered in drinking water or by a pellet diet soaked in the carcinogen. Histologically well differentiated and poorly differentiated types of adenocarcinoma and signet-ring cell tumors are induced in several months with greath reliability. Metastases were observed in both rats and dogs with gastric carcinoma. The carcinogenic effect could be enhanced by surface active agents, sodium chloride, iodoacetamide, insertion of plastic beads into the stomach and gastroenteroanastomosis. Follow-up studies by radiologic, endoscopic and bioptic examinations are possible in the dog. There are similarities in these experimental tumors to those in man and thus they provide means for the investigation of histogenesis, prevention, and chemotherapy of gastric cancer. An adenocarcinoma of the glandular stomach of a Wistar rat was successively transplanted to new born rats of the same strain.
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PMID:[Experimental gastric cancer (author's transl)]. 96 36


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