Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0024591 (malignant hyperthermia)
 2,353 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The pre-anaesthetic administration of dantrolene sodium to individuals at risk from malignant hyperthermia has not yet found an accepted place in human anaesthetic practice, although the effectiveness of dantrolene sodium as a prophylactic drug has been clearly shown in animal studies. In the patient described in this report, no conclusion is drawn about the effectiveness of dantrolene sodium, but attention is drawn to a brief episode of vomiting and diarrhoea some two hours after ingestion of the drug. Modification of the dosage scheme may be advisable.
N Z Med J 1978 Dec 27
PMID:Pre-anaesthetic administration of dantrolene sodium to a patient at risk from malignant hyperthermia: case report. 28 30

Malignant hyperthermia may appear during surgery. It has at least three features: 1) an anesthesiological trigger, usually the association of halothane and succinylcholine; 2) rapid increase in body temperature; 3) widespread muscle hypertonia. The literature is reviewed in an assessment of the physiopathological mechanism underlying the syndrome, with particular reference to the part played by calcium. Experimental data are cited and their similarity with the clinical, laboratory, anatomical, and histopathological picture in man is discussed. A detailed account is also given of two personal cases. Lastly, questions associated with the prevention and treatment of malignant hyperthermia are examined.
Minerva Anestesiol 1979 Dec
PMID:[Malignant hyperthermia. Review of literature and case reports]. 39 55

Malignant hyperthermia of anesthesia is a severe complication and must be treated vigorously. The anesthetic should be stopped and the core body temperature reduced. Systemic complications must be anticipated, hopefully prevented, and appropriately treated. Appropriate laboratory studies must be obtained. A comprehensive family survey may alert the physician to a tendency toward this problem. Temperature monitoring during surgery may give an early warning of malignant hyperthermia developing. I would suggest that routine temperature monitoring during surgery be considered by the anesthesia department during each general anesthetic administration.
Am J Surg 1977 Dec
PMID:Malignant hyperthermia. 59 49

A case of malignant hyperthermia with muscle stiffness is described. An early diagnosis, along with procaine infusion, and an energetic unspecific treatment helped to cure this patient.
Anaesthesist 1978 Dec
PMID:[Malignant hyperthermia. Report on a case successfully treated by procaine infusion (author's transl)]. 74 98

Following a synthetic description of malignant postoperative hyperthermia, the author recommends the inclusion of serum creatine phosphokinase (CPK) assay in the list of preoperative laboratory tests for all patients scheduled for major surgery. Because this serum enzyme is most often altered in candidates to malignant hyperthermia, the author advocates its preoperative testing in order to identify such patients and make adequate preparations to meet the emergency if its arises.
Chir Ital 1978 Dec
PMID:[Preoperative assay of creatine phosphokinase as a precaution against malignant hyperthermia (author's transl)]. 75 45

Malignant hyperpyrexia is a dangerous complication of general anesthesia occurring in individuals with an underlying disease of muscle. The essential clinical features of the syndrome are a drastic and sustained rise in body temperature, metabolic acidosis, and widespread muscular rigidity. The results of experiments on susceptible pigs and in vitro studies of human muscle have shown that all the clinical features of the syndrome can be explained by a raised level of calcium ions in the myoplasm. This is caused by a massive and sudden release of calcium into the myoplasm from the calcium-storing membranes in the muscle cell when exposed to general anesthetic agents. Two myopathies predisposing to malignant hyperpyrexia have been identified. One is usually subclinical, dominantly inherited, and manifested only by raised serum CPK levels. The other occurs in young boys with a number of physical abnormalities, whose relatives are unaffected. The serum CPK is a useful screening test in families in which malignant hyperpyrexia has occurred. Unfortunately, though, the serum CPK is not a specific test, and in doubtful cases the only unequivocal method of establishing susceptibility to malignant hyperpyrexia is to carry out an in vitro muscle test in which the muscle is exposed to caffeine, halothane, succinylcholine, and potassium chloride. Susceptible individuals should be given local, regional, or spinal anesthesia if an operation is needed. If this form of anesthesia is unsuitable, barbiturates such as thiopentone, tranquilizers such as diazepam, narcotics such as Pantopon, and neuroanaleptics such as fentanyl, nitrous oxide, d-tubocurarine, and althesin appear to be safe. By far the most important aspect of treatment is prophylaxis. Early diagnosis and immediate cessation of the offending anesthetic agents are the most important factors in trying to reduce the very high mortality of the syndrome.
Compr Ther 1975 Dec
PMID:Malignant hyperpyrexia. 77 64

A 24-year-old chronic alcoholic survived malignant hyperthermia which developed in connection with maxillo-facial operation. Electron-microscopic investigations of muscle biopsies disclosed so called tubular aggregates. The possible relations between these structures and the occurrence of malignant hyperthermia on the basis of an alcoholic myopathy are discussed. People suffering from idiopathic recurrent myoglobinuria have to be regarded as patients-at-risk.
Prakt Anaesth 1976 Dec
PMID:[Malignant hyperthermia, chronic alcoholism and tubular aggregates (author's transl)]. 101 54

The effect of tubocurarine and pancuronium on the initiation or prevention of porcine malignant hyperthermia (MH) was investigated in Pietrain pigs. Tubocurarine 0.6 mg/kg body weight inhibited a suxamethonium-induced response in three pigs, but failed to prevent a fatal halothane-induced response in a further four pigs. Pancuronium 0.2 mg/kg body weight was given to six pigs before a halothane challenge. Three animals developed MH and died; the remainder succembed only after reversal of the neuromuscular blockade. The partial protection afforded by large doses of pancuronium is discussed in relation to the ability of previous muscle activity to influence the sensitivity to halothane.
Br J Anaesth 1976 Dec
PMID:Porcine malignant hyperthemia IV: Neuromuscular blockade. 102 49

Malignant hyperthermia is a life-threatening complication of general anesthesia. Its cause is not precisely known but it appears to be related to a genetic defect that allows increased release or decreased reaccumulation of calcium by the sarcoplasmic reticulum whech then results in a hypermetabolic state. As with any unexpected complication when a patient is under general anesthesia, early diagnosis and treatment are essential. The early clinical signs that the surgeon and anesthesiologist shoulc be alert to are unexplained tachycardia, unexplained tachypnea, muscular rigidity, and increased temperature. Therapy should be accurate and immediate. The essentials of therapy are discontinuance of the anesthetic agent; immediate, active, and aggressive cooling; administration of procaine or procaine amide, 1 mg/kg/min until the pulse slows; correction of electrolyte and acid-base imbalances; maintenance of urinary output with furosemide and large volumes of fluids, intravenously; and supportive care. A thorough knowledge of the management of malignant hyperthermia ahd the pathophysiology of the complications that may occur with general anesthesia will allow the oral surgeon to fully meet his obligations to his patients.
J Oral Surg 1975 Dec
PMID:Survival of an oral surgery patient with malignant hyperthermia. 105 44

Malignant hyperthermia is induced by potent inhalation anesthetics. Enflurane must be added to the list of those anesthetic agents (such as halothane and succinylcholine) that are associated with this condition. The patient in our study was a young woman with no history of prior exposure to general anesthetics, and no family history of complications following administration of anesthetics. The other possible causes of hyperthermia in the patient were investigated and eliminated, and the condition was finally associated with enflurane. Enflurane should not be used in patients with a family history of this rare but often lethal disorder.
Arch Surg 1975 Dec
PMID:Malignant hyperthermia associated with enflurane anesthesia. 120 Aug 33


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>