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Query: UMLS:C0024591 (malignant hyperthermia)
 2,353 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Metabolic, hemodynamic and neuroendocrine responses to the combined use of halothane and succinylcholine (SCh) were measured in five normal swine and five swine susceptible to malignant hyperthermia (MH). Constant-volume ventilation was used, and no therapy was instituted. The overall response in susceptible swine was fulminant, in that it involved the rapid onset of SCh-induced MH combined with the more severe metabolic, endocrine, and cardiovascular effects of halothane-induced MH. Maximal changes in VO2 were equivalent with either drug or both combined, while changes in lactate, potassium (K+), pH, and catecholamines were perhaps synergistic. Utilizing similar measurements, procaine or procainamide was used in 20 susceptible swine in attempts to prevent MH initiated by halothane, SCh, or both. Recommended therapeutic doses of either drug did not prevent characteristic MH changes in oxygen consumption, cardiac output, lactate, K+, pH, catecholamines, or temperature.
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PMID:Porcine malignant hyperthermia induced by halothane and succinylcholine: failure of treatment with procaine or procainamide. 0 27

The effects were investigated of a 25-minute inhalation of halothane with oxygen on three to four months old pigs of the Large White breed. Symptoms of malignant hyperthermia did not occur. The actual total anesthesia, which causes slight hypoproteinemia, hypoglycemia and hypocholesterolemia without significant changes in the content of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) and urea, induced only a slight increase of circulating 11-hydroxycorticosteroids (11-OHCS). The combination of anesthesia with castration of gilts or barrows significantly increased the concentration of 11-OHCS but did not reach the level recorded after the application of ACTH. The higher levels of 11-OHCS were accompanied by higher concentrations of NEFA and glucose. The treatment of the animals lasting half an hour prior to inhalation of halothane at maximum doses or one hour in the control unanesthetized pigs produced an effect, mainly on the 11-OHCS concentration and on the activity of creatine kinase in the plasma. The results indicate that the adrenocortical response to the effect of halothane is not stronger than the response to simple handling connected with excitement and muscular activity of the animals. Therefore there is no reason of considering halothane anesthesia as a factor causing great stress and pigs which in its course do not respond with malignant hyperthermia as animals insensitive to stress. The aptness of denotation of clinical manifestations of genetically defective muscles in pigs is discussed.
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PMID:[The effect of halothane anesthesia on the function of the adrenal cortex and some metabolites in the blood plasma of pigs not susceptible to malignant hyperthermia]. 22 19

We have perfused malignant hyperthermia susceptible and normal isolated pig livers with halothane for one hour. The liver temperatures, oxygen and carbon dioxide tensions, the base deficits and lactate concentrations in blood entering and leaving the liver have been measured at the beginning and at the end of the perfusion. Statistical analysis has shown that there are no significant differences in these parameters between the beginning and the end of the perfusion period or between the normal and the malignant hyperthermia susceptible livers. We conclude, therefore, that the livers of malignant hyperthermia susceptible pigs are either normal or else, if abnormal, the abnormalities are sufficiently benign as to be not measurably expressed.
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PMID:Perfusion of malignant hyperthermia susceptible and normal isolated pig livers with halothane. 69 70

During malignant hyperthermia (MH) induced by halothane and succinylcholine, oxygen consumption (VO2) of whole body, muscle and the splanchnic area was calculated from measurements of blood flow and arteriovenous oxygen content difference. Caudal body blood flow was isolated and measured (six animals) for determination of average muscle VO2 in the hind limbs, buttocks, and flanks. The increase in muscle VO2 was extrapolated to total skeletal muscle and compared with the increase in whole body VO2 (same six animals). The average increase in VO2 for both total muscle and whole body during the period of maximum increase was about 6 ml O2/min/kg body weight. Splanchnic VO2 (four animals) tended to decrease during MH. The data support the hypothesis that the metabolic changes in MH are due to a disorder of skeletal muscle and that the increase in whole body VO2 is due to the increase in muscle VO2.
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PMID:Porcine malignant hyperthermia: role of skeletal muscle in increased oxygen consumption. 83 73

General anaesthesia with Althesin was administered on two occasions to a patient who was identified as susceptible to malignant hyperthermia, in whom there was identified familial subclinical myopathy and once in another patient suffering from arthrogryposis multiplex congenita with a history of fever associated with two previous anaesthetics. In the first patient halothane was administered by accident in association with the Althesin, but no hyperpyrexia occurred. In the second instance nitrous oxide-oxygen and halothane were associated purposely with Althesin. In none of these cases was there any rise in temperature, muscle rigor or elevation of the serum CPK level. This experience corroborates the experimental evidence of Hall, et al.10 and Harrison, who reported that Althesin prevented the onset of hyperthermia, and the clinical reports of Page and Judelman. Althesin can be assumed to be an effective anaesthetic for malignant hyperthermia susceptible patients.
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PMID:Malignant hyperthermia and althesin. 89 May 63

General anesthesia permits surgery involving large operative fields without limit to time. It is essential in children and uncooperative adults and provides an immobile, quiet patient who does not recall the operative procedure. Local and regional anesthesia re indicated when the surgical field is limited in size and extent. Neuroleptanesthesia in ophthalmology usually involves the administration of droperidol followed by fentanyl followed in intubation, sometimes using a muscle relaxant, and maintenance of anesthesia with nitrous oxide. The terrifying dreams produced by ketamine may be minimized by preoperative administration of diazepam and a quiet recovery period. Attempts to eliminate the oculocardiac reflex are unpredictable and unreliable and, with careful monitoring of anesthesia, elimination does not seem essential. Malignant hyperthermia is an autosomal dominant disorder occurring mainly with the administration of halogenated fluoroethane and depolarizing muscle relaxants. It is often signaled by sudden and prolonged muscle spasm following the injection of the muscle relaxant. Treatment must be directed toward hyperventilation using oxygen, correction of the metabolic respiratory acidosis, and reduction of fever.
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PMID:Current trends in ophthalmic anesthesia. The Second Walter S. Atkinson Lecture. 115 56

Metabolic, hemodynamic and neuroendocrine responses to halothane were measured in five normal and five malignant hyperthermia-susceptible (MHS) swine. Constant-volume ventilation was used. There was no therapeutic intervention. In NHS animals, blood lactate concentrations increased first, and the initial increases appeared to be non-hypoxic in origin. Lactate concentrations increased progressively to more than 20 mum/ml. Whole-body oxygen consumption increased almost twofold, and hind limb muscle oxygen consumption increased almost threefold. Extrapolated increases in muscle oxygen consumption accounted for about 55 per cent of the increase in whole-body oxygen consumption. Respiratory and metabolic acidosis, marked hyperkalemia, and increases in catecholamines and temperature occurred secondarily and were accompanied by progressive circulatory failure.
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PMID:Halothane-induced porcine malignant hyperthermia: metabolic and hemodynamic changes. 124 73

A dramatic case of anaesthetic-induced malignant hyperpyrexia is described. The treatment (ice packs, treatment of acidosis, glucose-insulin, methylprednisolone, lidocaine, verapamil, muscular relaxation and oxygen breathing) was effective. In the discussion, the pharmacological effects on the cardiac muscle are considered predominantly.
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PMID:[A further case of malignant hyperpyrexia and its treatment with lidocaine, methylprednisolone and verapamil (iproveratril) (author's transl)]. 126 20

The effectiveness of intravenous administration of dantrolene in prevention and treatment of fulminant malignant hyperthermia (MH) initiated by halothene and succinylcholine (SCh) in genetically susceptible swine was assessed. In six animals, prior administration of dantrolene in doses of 5 mg/kg or more prevented MH, while 1 or 3 mg/kg attenuated MH, and 0.1 mg/kg had no effect. In ten additional swine, therapy was not started until MH was fulminant. Five of these were then given supportive therapy only (discontinuation of anesthesia, hyperventilation with oxygen, surface cooling, and NaHCO3). The remaining five received the same supportive therapy, plus dantrolene (7.5 mg/kg). With supportive therapy only, arterial blood pH, Po2 and Pco2 returned toward normal, but oxygen consumption (Vo2), blood lactate, potassium (K+), catecholamines, and temperature continued to increase and the course of MH was unaltered. When dantrolene was added to supportive therapy, Vo2, lactate, K+, catecholamines, and temperature decreased, and the course of MH was dramatically slowed and, apparently, reversed.
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PMID:Dantrolene in porcine malignant hyperthermia. 127 16

The contributions of aerobic and anaerobic muscle metabolism to the heat produced in porcine malignant hyperthermia were studied in seven Pietrain pigs. Oxygen consumption measurements were used to calculate the increase in muscle temperature as a result of aerobic metabolism and this was compared with the observed muscle temperature. The results show that in the initial stage of porcine malignant hyperthermia heat production is largely aerobic in origin. Terminally, aerobic metabolism can account for about half the observed temperature increase.
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PMID:Porcine malignant hyperthermia. II: Heat production. 127 97


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