Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0024591 (malignant hyperthermia)
 2,353 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A patient who had malignant hyperthermia that apparently was triggered by nitrous oxide anesthesia even though he was premedicated with dantrolene sodium was successfully managed on a separate occasion using dantrolene without nitrous oxide.
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PMID:Malignant hyperthermia in a patient receiving nitrous oxide. 386 3

The malignant hyperthermia syndrome is a rare drug-induced hypermetabolic syndrome characterized by muscular rigidity, hyperpyrexia and systemic acidosis. Malignant hyperthermia developed in 2 boys during anesthesia for hypospadias repair and both had a favorable outcome. Recognition of the early signs and symptoms of malignant hyperthermia, and prompt treatment using dantrolene sodium require an increased index of suspicion and familiarity with this symptom complex, which has an increased incidence in children.
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PMID:Malignant hyperthermia and pediatric urology. 394 13

Malignant hyperthermia (MH) may be triggered by exposure to commonly employed anesthetic agents and muscle relaxants, and often manifests itself during the period of anesthesia. Delayed-onset MH occurring one to four hours postoperatively has been described in isolated case reports. A case of delayed-onset MH occurred 11 hours following routine tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy. The patient demonstrated tachypnea, tachycardia, hyperthermia, and metabolic acidosis. Prompt intravenous administration of dantrolene sodium was therapeutic. Serial serum creatine phosphokinase evaluation verified the diagnosis of MH. The implications of delayed-onset MH and the importance of preoperative screening for potentially susceptible individuals are discussed.
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PMID:Markedly delayed postoperative malignant hyperthermia. 395 99

Lethargy, hyperpyrexia, tremor, and rigidity associated with leukocytosis and elevation of the creatine kinase level occurred in a patient with a closed head injury who was being treated with haloperidol for control of agitation. This constellation of symptoms, known as the neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS), partially improved when the neuroleptic medication was stopped, but complete resolution of the syndrome did not occur until the patient was treated with bromocriptine. Because haloperidol is the most widely used medication for the agitation that develops in patients with significant closed head injuries, neurosurgeons should be aware of the NMS. The NMS is caused by neuroleptic medications and may initially present with unexplained hyperpyrexia, leukocytosis, and elevated creatine kinase levels. Halting the neuroleptic, supportive care, and the use of dantrolene sodium and bromocriptine are the treatment modalities of choice for this syndrome, which has a mortality rate of 20 to 30% and may be linked to malignant hyperthermia.
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PMID:Neuroleptic malignant syndrome complicating closed head injury. 396 Feb 97

A 40 year old man, who was suspected on clinical evidence (fever, severe muscle pains, dark urine following general anesthesia 8 years ago) of being susceptible to malignant hyperthermia, was scheduled for traumatologic surgery. Dantrolene-Sodium 4 mg/kg orally was given prophylactically the day before surgery; as a premedication the patient received morphine and triflupromazine intramuscularly. Anesthesia was induced with flunitrazepam and fentanyl, pancuronium bromide was administered for endotracheal intubation and neuromuscular blockade during surgery. No complications were seen during anaesthesia and the following immediate postoperative period. 10 hrs after surgery an episode of pyrexia lasting about 20 h and an elevation of blood creatine phosphokinase (CPK) has been noted. The remainder of the postoperative course was uneventful. The patient was discharged 9 days later.
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PMID:[Atypical course of malignant hyperthermia]. 399 99

A non-lethal procedure for identifying pigs apt to develop malignant hyperthermia is described. Susceptible animals were exposed to a variety of anaesthetic and other agents and it was shown that thiopentone sodium and CT 1341 (Glaxo) afforded a measure of protection against the development of the syndrome. Pretreatment with procaine did not prevent the onset of the condition and the administration of procaine when muscle rigidity was present failed to prevent a fatal outcome. The syndrome was induced in susceptible animals by halothane, chloroform, and a combination of halothane with suxamethonium. The effects of cyclopropane in susceptible pigs could not be predicted, and other tests showed that suxamethonium alone would not induce muscle contracture. Pretreatment with lignocaine failed to prevent induction of the syndrome by halothane.We believe that the porcine syndrome may result from more than one defect and that in one particular type the most effective treatment is immediate cooling coupled with the administration of sodium bicarbonate.
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PMID:Further studies of porcine malignant hyperthermia. 501 6

The neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) of hyperthermia, rigidity, hyperautonomicity and altered consciousness results from the use of neuroleptic agents. Although rare, it is important to recognize and treat the syndrome early because it is potentially lethal. It bears striking similarities to several other conditions, particularly malignant hyperthermia. NMS probably reflects a disorder of the hypothalamic and basal ganglia dopamine systems. No specific treatments are available, but dantrolene sodium, bromocriptine, amantadine and phenytoin have been used successfully.
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PMID:The neuroleptic malignant syndrome. A priority system. 614 10

Two patients who developed the neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) are described, and pertinent literature is reviewed. A 30-year-old man developed NMS, apparently as a result of haloperidol treatment of chronic undifferentiated schizophrenia. Treatment with cooling blankets, acetaminophen, dantrolene sodium, and bromocriptine mesylate decreased abnormal vital signs, but catatonia continued. After 30 treatments with electroconvulsive therapy over a one-month period, the patient's catatonia was resolved, and he was discharged on no medication with the schizophrenia in remission. The second patient was a 22-year-old woman who developed NMS after five weeks of therapy with haloperidol and thiothixene for an acute episode of abnormal behavior. She did not respond to therapy with cooling blankets, acetaminophen, antibiotics, and amobarbital sodium. Dantrolene sodium therapy produced no improvement except for some relief of muscular rigidity. Electroconvulsive therapy (22 treatments over one month) successfully decreased the patient's elevated liver enzymes and leukocyte count, but periodic temperature elevations and catatonia continued. Prompt diagnosis and treatment of NMS are essential, as the mortality rate is 20%. Acute lethal catatonia and malignant hyperthermia are considered in differential diagnosis. Both central and peripheral pathophysiologic mechanisms are probably involved in NMS, and most cases are seen in patients with psychiatric illness. Onset of NMS does not seem related to duration of neuroleptic therapy and, in susceptible persons, additional factors may be required to trigger onset of NMS. Symptoms, including diffuse muscular rigidity, akinesia, and fever, develop within 24-72 hours. Neurologic symptoms may develop or worsen, and leukocytosis and elevated levels of liver enzymes occur. Death can result from respiratory or cardiovascular failure, and rhabdomyolysis can lead to acute renal failure.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Detection and management of the neuroleptic malignant syndrome. 614 37

The Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome (NMS) is a rare but severe affection (spontaneous mortality 30 to 50 per cent), associating fever, hypertonia with myolysis, and respiratory impairment. Its mechanism remains debatable: The origin of the hypertonia might be central (as phenothiazines and butyrophenones induce a blockade of dopaminergic receptors in the hypothalamus) or it might be muscular (with an impairment of the sarcoplasmic reticulum uptake of calcium in a genetically abnormal muscle, as is proven in malignant hyperthermia). Whatever the actual mechanism, the oral or intravenous administration of sodium dantrolene, a peripheral muscle relaxant agent which does not affect the neuromuscular transmission but prevents the calcium-dependent contraction of actin and myosine, has proved to be effective in three recent cases of NMS.
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PMID:Dantrolene--a new therapeutic approach to the neuroleptic malignant syndrome. 614 31

The purpose of this study was to examine muscle plasmalemma which is implicated as the site responsible for the appearance of malignant hyperthermia in human and susceptible strains of animals. In pigs with malignant hyperthermia (MH) the activity of Na+/K+, Mg2+-ATPase, p-nitrophenylphosphatase and Mg2+-ATPase fell significantly during anaesthesia. In the control group the contrary occurred. In both the groups tested there was a marginal rise in the levels of sialic acid. The levels of cholesterol and lysoderivatives were abnormal before the provoking agents were administered but they changed significantly after onset of the MH syndrome. Anaesthesia reduced the phospholipids level in both tested animal groups. Before and after the provoking agents an impoverishment in the polypeptide pattern in the range between 80,000 and 30,000 daltons of mol. wt. in MH susceptible animals occurred. It is postulated that in MH the macromolecular disorganization of the muscle plasma membranes means that defence mechanisms maintaining cell gradients do not work in the presence of provoking agents.
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PMID:Experimental porcine malignant hyperthermia: macromolecular characterization of muscle plasma membranes. 615 Oct 35


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