Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0024591 (malignant hyperthermia)
 2,353 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Dantrolene plasma concentrations and renal clearance calculations in a patient undergoing major surgery are reported. The family history was positive for malignant hyperthermia. Following oral pretreatment the plasma concentrations in this patient were not noticeably different from values obtained in a study in awake volunteers and which were thought to be effective. This is the first report of dantrolene measurements made during anaesthesia and in the post-operative period.
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PMID:Dantrolene plasma and urine concentrations after oral pretreatment for malignant hyperthermia: report of a case. 378 Jun 90

The malignant neuroleptic syndrome and acute febrile catatonia are life-threatening psychiatric disorders which frequently are treated in intensive care units outside psychiatric departments. Their manifestations are very similar to those of anaesthesia-specific malignant hyperthermia. The three syndromes have in common signs of increased muscle metabolism. Dantrolene, a specific drug in the treatment of malignant hyperthermia, has been used successfully several times recently in the treatment of the malignant neuroleptic syndrome. One such case is reported. In a 23-year-old man with signs of acute febrile catatonia parenteral dantrolene and electroconvulsive shocks succeeded in counteracting the symptoms of the abnormally raised muscle metabolism.
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PMID:[Dantrolene in the treatment of life-threatening psychiatric disease pictures. A contribution to the therapy of the malignant neuroleptic syndrome and acute febrile catatonia]. 397 79

Strips of soleus (100% type I) and gracilis (90% type II) muscle were obtained from anesthetized cats and mounted in organ baths filled with aerated Krebs-Ringer solution (37 degrees C). The contractile patterns in response to electrical stimulation (0.1 Hz, 25 V, 5 ms), caffeine, halothane, and caffeine in the presence of halothane were examined in the two fiber types. The ability of 25 microM dantrolene to alter the contractile patterns was also evaluated. In vitro contractile properties in response to electrical stimulation were similar to properties observed in situ, except that twitch tension in soleus muscle was significantly less in vitro than in situ. In the presence of halothane, type I soleus muscle developed a rapid contracture. The contracture was blocked by pretreatment with dantrolene and was reversed by addition of dantrolene at the peak of the response. Halothane-induced contractures were not observed at any time in type II gracilis. Type I soleus was also significantly more sensitive both to caffeine alone and to caffeine in the presence of halothane than was type II gracilis. In both fiber types, halothane increased the sensitivity of the muscles to caffeine. Dantrolene attenuated caffeine-induced contractures in both fiber types, but the attenuating effect was less in the presence of halothane. The findings of a halothane-induced contracture in the cat soleus and differential sensitivities of the two muscle fiber types to caffeine indicate that further studies in these two muscles may be useful for delineating the mechanisms inducing contracture in muscle from individuals susceptible to malignant hyperthermia.
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PMID:In vitro responses of cat skeletal muscle to halothane and caffeine. 398 Mar 55

A 40 year old man, who was suspected on clinical evidence (fever, severe muscle pains, dark urine following general anesthesia 8 years ago) of being susceptible to malignant hyperthermia, was scheduled for traumatologic surgery. Dantrolene-Sodium 4 mg/kg orally was given prophylactically the day before surgery; as a premedication the patient received morphine and triflupromazine intramuscularly. Anesthesia was induced with flunitrazepam and fentanyl, pancuronium bromide was administered for endotracheal intubation and neuromuscular blockade during surgery. No complications were seen during anaesthesia and the following immediate postoperative period. 10 hrs after surgery an episode of pyrexia lasting about 20 h and an elevation of blood creatine phosphokinase (CPK) has been noted. The remainder of the postoperative course was uneventful. The patient was discharged 9 days later.
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PMID:[Atypical course of malignant hyperthermia]. 399 99

Syndrome malin refers to neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS), a combination of extrapyramidal symptoms, hyperthermia, autonomic dysfunction, hypertension, and coma, which has been reported primarily with haloperidol administration, but also with fluphenazine, thiothixene, and thioridazine. NMS is much more severe than typical extrapyramidal reactions to neuroleptic agents and can result in fatality. The syndrome is not dose related and can begin within hours of initiation of therapy or after months of treatment. Treatment of NMS has been mainly supportive in the past. Recent reports have suggested benefits from the use of bromocriptine and amantadine (dopaminergic agonists), based on a possible etiology of neuroleptic-induced dopaminergic blockade. Dantrolene also has been utilized successfully in NMS on the hypothesis that the syndrome is similar to anesthetic-induced malignant hyperthermia. These agents provide a more specific treatment for this potentially lethal syndrome.
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PMID:Therapy of syndrome malin. 613 52

Calcium pulse additions to isolated SR membranes can cause a reversible efflux of calcium. The threshold level of calcium loading at which calcium efflux occurs is lower for SR membranes isolated from malignant hyperthermia susceptible (MHS) swine. Dantrolene, a unique muscle relaxant, had no effect on threshold calcium load, amounts and rates of calcium release from SR isolated from control and MHS skeletal muscle. It is concluded that the putative calcium channel through which this calcium pulse-induced calcium release mechanism occurs is not affected by dantrolene under these experimental conditions.
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PMID:Dantrolene does not block calcium pulse-induced calcium release from a putative calcium channel in sarcoplasmic reticulum from malignant hyperthermia and normal pig muscle. 632 Dec 31

Although dantrolene reverses the muscle contracture seen during a malignant hyperpyrexia (MH) crisis, its site of action is not known. It has been inferred from previous work that the major abnormality in MH is in the sarcoplasmic reticulum, and that dantrolene must act on this organelle. In the present study the ability of dantrolene to control drug-induced muscle contraction was tested. The drugs were chosen because their sites of action were known for inducing contracture. Dantrolene had no effect on contractures induced by 2:4 dinitrophenol, exerted only a minor effect on caffeine contractions, but reduced significantly the contracture produced by K+. It is postulated that the major action of dantrolene is on the sarcolemma, which may be the site of the MH abnormality.
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PMID:The control of muscle contracture by the action of dantrolene on the sarcolemma. 688 May 84

Calcium-induced calcium release and halothane-induced calcium release from pig sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) were studied. The SR prepared from pigs susceptible to malignant hyperthermia (MH) was shown to release calcium at a much lower level of calcium content than in normal pig SR. The concentration above which halothane can release calcium is 40 microM for both MH-SR and normal SR, although the latter required a high calcium content to demonstrate the calcium release. Dantrolene was shown to inhibit the halothane-induced calcium release. Results suggest that SR plays an important role in pathogenesis of MH.
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PMID:Calcium-induced Ca2+ release from sarcoplasmic reticulum of pigs susceptible to malignant hyperthermia. The effects of halothane and dantrolene. 688 19

Malignant hyperthermia (MH) was observed in three cases of Halothane anesthesia performed in six littermate pigs. In two pigs, MH was totally reversed by the intravenous administration of Dantrolene 2 or 3 mg/kg. In one pig, an injection of 2 mg/kg reversed the MH symptoms transiently Dantrolene had no effect on the serum lactate values elevated in the MH-positive pigs. The therapeutic use of Dantrolene appears to be indicated in the stress-susceptible pigs.
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PMID:Halothane induced porcine malignant hyperthermia reversed by dantrolene. 688 29

Anesthesiologists from 65 institutions participated in a multicenter study to assess the efficacy of lyophilized intravenous dantrolene sodium in treating anesthetically related malignant hyperthermia (MH). Of 21 patients treated with the drug, eight were judged to have unequivocal MH and were treated according to study protocol. Three were judged to have probable MH and were also treated according to study protocol. All 11 recovered without sequelae from MH and without adverse drug effects. A mean dantrolene dose of 2.5 mg/kg in these patients produced significant changes in clinical and biochemical parameters suggestive of decreased cellular metabolism. Four patients with unequivocal MH were treated with intravenous dantrolene more than 24 h after the diagnosis of MH; this delay in treatment of clinical signs in these patients, the mortality rate was 75 per cent, which is comparable to that reported without dantrolene. The six remaining patients had episodes of questionable MH during or subsequent to anesthesia and were treated with dantrolene. There was insufficient evidence to justify an unequivocal or probable diagnosis of MH, and they, therefore, were not included in the study. All survived and had no adverse drug reactions. Dantrolene therapy resulted in a statistically significantly lower mortality rate than would be expected in MH patients. The study supports animal data suggesting that dantrolene is specific in reversing MH.
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PMID:Dantrolene in human malignant hyperthermia. 703 19


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