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Query: UMLS:C0024591 (malignant hyperthermia)
 2,353 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The effects were investigated of a 25-minute inhalation of halothane with oxygen on three to four months old pigs of the Large White breed. Symptoms of malignant hyperthermia did not occur. The actual total anesthesia, which causes slight hypoproteinemia, hypoglycemia and hypocholesterolemia without significant changes in the content of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) and urea, induced only a slight increase of circulating 11-hydroxycorticosteroids (11-OHCS). The combination of anesthesia with castration of gilts or barrows significantly increased the concentration of 11-OHCS but did not reach the level recorded after the application of ACTH. The higher levels of 11-OHCS were accompanied by higher concentrations of NEFA and glucose. The treatment of the animals lasting half an hour prior to inhalation of halothane at maximum doses or one hour in the control unanesthetized pigs produced an effect, mainly on the 11-OHCS concentration and on the activity of creatine kinase in the plasma. The results indicate that the adrenocortical response to the effect of halothane is not stronger than the response to simple handling connected with excitement and muscular activity of the animals. Therefore there is no reason of considering halothane anesthesia as a factor causing great stress and pigs which in its course do not respond with malignant hyperthermia as animals insensitive to stress. The aptness of denotation of clinical manifestations of genetically defective muscles in pigs is discussed.
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PMID:[The effect of halothane anesthesia on the function of the adrenal cortex and some metabolites in the blood plasma of pigs not susceptible to malignant hyperthermia]. 22 19

Lactic acid, glucose, creatine phosphokinase (CPK) and some mineral components were determined in the blood of piglets before and after a halothane test of five minutes (only before for CPK). Two different experimental groups were studied: 222 Pietrain piglets from an INRA experimental herd, and 325 piglets from the Large White, French Landrace and Belgian Landrace breeds entering performance testing stations. Animals reacting positively to halothane ("MHS" piglets) have significantly higher blood levels of lactic acid and potassium before anesthesia than normal animals. CPK is also higher, except for the Belgian Landrace: in this breed CPK shows the same average value and distribution in the two groups of piglets (normal and MHS). There are also breed differences in blood magnesium, independently of the reaction to halothane. But the breed differences observed in lactic acid and CPK are related to the proportion of MHS piglets in each breed. Anesthesia by means of halothane lowers the measured blood characteristics--except for glucose--in normal animals, and rises them--except for potassium--in MHS piglets. The results are discussed in view of the incomplete discrimination between the two types of pigs, with a 5 minutes test, and, particularly, considering possible breed differences in that respect.
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PMID:[Blood characteristics of some french pig populations. Relationships with the malignant hyperthermia syndrome (author's transl)]. 54 25

A dramatic case of anaesthetic-induced malignant hyperpyrexia is described. The treatment (ice packs, treatment of acidosis, glucose-insulin, methylprednisolone, lidocaine, verapamil, muscular relaxation and oxygen breathing) was effective. In the discussion, the pharmacological effects on the cardiac muscle are considered predominantly.
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PMID:[A further case of malignant hyperpyrexia and its treatment with lidocaine, methylprednisolone and verapamil (iproveratril) (author's transl)]. 126 20

Mammalian cells have the same hydroelectrolytic composition (high K, low Na), highly different from that of their surrounding. Constancy of cellular composition is insured by the balance between ionic leaks and (Na, K)-pump activity. Ionic leaks, specially sodium, are fundamental. They allow cells to perform a majority of their general and special functions (import of aminoacids, glucose, phosphates; export of acids; nerve influx; muscular contraction; glandular secretion; intestinal and renal reabsorption and secretion). (Na, K)-pump is essential to life. It is a kind of general motor that creates and maintains ionic concentrations differences whose potential energy is dissipated by leaks to perform cellular functions. Constancy of hydroelectrolytic intracellular composition hides that leak and pump rates, equivalent between them, are extremely variable among cell types (more than 200 times), and can increase 4 times in less than one minute within a cell type with cellular activity. In a cell, (Na, K)-pump rate is far from maximum velocity. This rate is adjusted nearly instantaneously to balance variations in leak rates; it may undergo short term modulation by endo or exocellular factors; it may undergo long term changes through synthesis of new enzyme molecules. Studies on whole cells of the balance between leaks and pump rates is necessary to understand these cells physiology and pathology. Balance between leaks and (Na, K)-pump activity is altered in renal cells from hypertensive rats, spontaneously (SHR) or genetically selected (Milan Hypertensive Strain: MHS). Strikingly, sodium activation of (Na, K)-pump of inner medullary collecting duct cells of MHS rats is greatly blunted compared to controls.
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PMID:[Physiologic role of the sodium pump. Implications for the study of arterial hypertension]. 255 38

Measurements of body temperature, respiratory gas exchange, sweat evaporation rate and circulating levels of catecholamines, lactate, pyruvate, free fatty acids and glucose were made in seven patients susceptible to malignant hyperpyrexia (MHS) and in seven control subjects during 2 h of treadmill walking at 40% of maximum oxygen consumption. These studies took place in an ambient temperature of 22 degrees C. The MHS patients displayed the same thermoregulatory, plasma catecholamine and metabolic responses as the control subjects. The results of the present study suggest that non-competitive, low-intensity, steady-state exercise need not be contraindicated for MHS patients.
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PMID:Thermoregulation, plasma catecholamine and metabolite levels during submaximal work in individuals susceptible to malignant hyperpyrexia. 356 67

It has been speculated that, in malignant hyperthermia-susceptible (MHS) individuals, an abnormality of sympathetic activity is seen during stressful situations, such as exercise. The authors investigated whether muscle metabolism in eight MHS subjects, at rest and during moderate and heavy short-term exercise, is different then that in normals. Leg exchange of energy substrates (glucose, lactate, and glycerol) was quantified by measuring leg blood flow and arterial-venous concentration differences. Muscle biopsies were also performed, and ATP, glycogen, and lactate were analyzed. Catecholamines and oxygen uptake were also measured. The study was performed at rest with subjects in the supine position and during two periods (40% and 80% of the subjects maximal oxygen uptake, respectively) on a bicycle ergometer. The principal finding of the study was that there was no major difference in oxygen uptake or leg exchange of glucose, lactate, and glycerol between MHS-subjects and previously standard normals during different grades of exercise. Furthermore, muscle metabolites and plasma catecholamines did not differ between the groups. This study indicates a normal sympathetic activity and muscle metabolism in MHS subjects during rest, as well as during moderate and severe exercise. The authors' results do not support the opinion that persons with positive in vitro tests for MH should restrict their physical activity.
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PMID:Effects of graded exercise on leg exchange of energy substrates in malignant hyperthermia susceptible subjects. 363 4

Capsules with etryptamine have been commonly available on the market since the middle of 1985. Up to 1962 this CNS-stimulating, monoamine-oxidase-inhibiting drug was sold as an antidepressant (Monase). A case of fatal intoxication is reported. The exact amount of etryptamine taken several hours before death are not known, but it could have been in the range of 700 mg. This drug was detected in tissue by means of common analytical techniques (GLC, GC-MS, HPLC, TLC). Etryptamine cross-reacts with the Emit-st amphetamine assay and can also be detected in urine using these techniques. The level in postmortem blood was 1.1 mg/l. The effects the young man showed were like those known from intoxication with amphetamines, MAO inhibitors, and thymoleptics. Malignant hyperthermia is discussed as a possible cause of death. It is suggested that trade in etryptamine should be controlled.
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PMID:[Etryptamine, a new designer drug with a fatal effect]. 377 56

The influence of 1 h of surface cooling on body temperature, variables which contribute to thermoregulation and selected hormones and metabolites has been investigated in seven patients susceptible to malignant hyperpyrexia (MH) and in seven matched control subjects. Cooling was achieved using a liquid conditioned coverall worn next to the skin. Skin temperature decreased similarly in both groups of subjects. Heat production increased in both groups, with a slightly higher heat production being seen in the MH group. Core temperature increased in both groups of subjects at the start of the cooling period, with a significantly greater increase occurring in the MH group (control: + 0.13 +/- 0.13; MH: + 0.28 +/- 0.10 degrees C, P less than 0.05). There were no significant changes in plasma lactate, or pyruvate concentrations. Plasma glucose concentrations were lower in the control group; after 30 min of cooling plasma glucose was 4.25 +/- 0.37 mmol litre-1 in the control group and 5.34 +/- 0.21 mmol litre-1 in the MH group (P less than 0.05). There were no significant changes in plasma thyroxine or adrenaline concentrations. Plasma noradrenaline increased in both groups of subjects. The increase in plasma noradrenaline of the MH patients was greater than in most of the control subjects.
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PMID:Thermoregulatory responses to cooling in patients susceptible to malignant hyperpyrexia. 404 25

An increased glucose-induced insulin response has been observed in patients susceptible to malignant hyperpyrexia. This raises the possibility that the membrane abnormality present in the calcium-storing membranes in the muscle cell in malignant hyperpyrexia may be present also in the beta cell of the pancreas.
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PMID:Insulin secretion in malignant hyperpyrexia. 441 15

Hepatic metabolism during porcine malignant hyperthermia (MH) was investigated in seven Pietrain pigs. The estimated hepatic blood flow decreased during MH, but an increase in oxygen extraction enabled the splanchnic oxygen uptake to be maintained. There was a large release of glucose and potassium from the liver in MH which made an important contribution to the hyperglycaemia and hyperkalaemia. Measurement of hepatic uptake of the precursors of gluconeogenesis, lactate, glycerol and alanine, showed that glucose efflux from liver was derived mainly from glycogenolysis. Lactate uptake by the liver increased during MH, and there was no evidence of hepatic lactate production during the profound acidosis as suggested by in vitro studies with the isolated liver. There was no evidence of major abnormality of hepatic function during porcine MH.
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PMID:Porcine malignant hyperthermia. VII: Hepatic metabolism. 699 Sep 47


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