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Query: UMLS:C0024591 (malignant hyperthermia)
 2,353 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Malignant hyperthermia (MH) is a form of heat illness caused by increased heat generation exceeding the body's capacity for heat loss. It is classified separately from other forms of heat illness as the latter require assessment of mental function for differential diagnosis. This is not possible with MH which occurs during general anesthesia when mental function cannot be assessed. MH occurs in genetically predisposed individuals exposed to inhalation anesthetics or succinylcholine. The genetic defects identified so far cause perturbation of skeletal muscle excitation-contraction coupling resulting in myoplasmic calcium dysregulation. The most commonly involved gene is RYR1. Increased myoplasmic calcium leads to hypermetabolism and sustained muscle contractile activity with consequent increased oxygen consumption, carbon dioxide production, sympathetic stimulation, muscle rigidity, heat production, rhabdomyolysis, and disseminated intravascular coagulation. Untreated reactions are fatal. In this chapter we summarize clinical features and management and review current understanding of the pathophysiology and molecular genetics of MH.
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PMID:Malignant hyperthermia. 3045 30

Malignant hyperthermia (MH) is a life-threatening disease that occurs during general anaesthesia following exposure to succinylcholine (SCh), a depolarizing muscle relaxant, and volatile anaesthetics. Susceptibility to MH most commonly arises from mutations in the RyR1 gene, the Ca2+ release channel of skeletal muscle. Fulminant MH (f-MH) is the most dangerous form of MH, which presents a hypermetabolic cascade state, including very high temperature and carbon dioxide production, increased heart rate and oxygen consumption, mixed acidosis, rigid muscles, and rhabdomyolysis. Dantrolene is the only specific drug therapy for MH on the market. Without dantrolene, the reported mortality of f-MH is as high as 42.3%. Based on the participation of catecholamine in the hyperhaemodynamic response of f-MH and the demonstrated effective control of catecholamine release of magnesium sulfate, combined with the fact that magnesium and calcium have opposite effects on muscle contraction, I hypothesized that magnesium sulfate could be a choice for delaying the progression of f-MH while waiting for dantrolene treatment.
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PMID:Magnesium sulfate - An effective agent could delay the progression of fulminant malignant hyperthermia. 3079 5

Malignant Hyperthermia (MH) is a life-threatening pharmacogenetic disorder which results from exposure to volatile anesthetic agents and depolarizing muscle relaxants. It manifests as a hypermetabolic response resulting in tachycardia, tachypnea, hyperthermia, hypercapnia, acidosis, muscle rigidity and rhabdomyolysis. An increase in the end-tidal carbon dioxide is one of the earliest diagnostic signs. Dantrolene sodium is effective in the management of MH, and should be available whenever general anesthesia is administered. This review also aims to highlight the genetics and pathology of MH, along with its association with various inherited myopathy syndromes like central core disease, multi-mini core disease, Native-American myopathy, and King-Denborough syndrome.
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PMID:Malignant Hyperthermia. 3104 May 3

Malignant hyperthermia (MH) is an inherited, pharmacogenetic disorder of the skeletal muscle, characterized by dangerous hypermetabolic state after anesthesia with succinylcholine and/ or volatile halogenated anesthetic agents, clinically manifested as hyperpyrexia and related complications like tachycardia, tachypnea, increased carbon dioxide production, increased oxygen consumption, acidosis, rigid muscles, rhabdomyolysis and disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). Here we present a series of three cases of MH, admitted in our hospital in a span of 8 months for three different operative procedures to be done under general anesthesia (cleft lip repair, Duhamel's operation for Hirschsprung's disease and surgical repair of development dysplasia of hip), who developed probable hyperthermia owing to Halothane being used as an anesthetic agent.
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PMID:Life-threatening Episodes of Malignant Hyperthermia Following Halothane Anesthesia in Three Children: A Case Series and Review of Literature. 3106 9

Malignant hyperthermia (MH) is a rare but potentially lethal skeletal muscle disorder affecting calcium release channels. It is inherited in a mendelian autosomal dominant pattern with variable penetration. The initial clinical manifestations are of a hypermetabolic state with increased CO2 production, respiratory acidosis, increased temperature, and increased oxygen demands. If diagnosed late, MH progresses to multi-organ system failure and death. Current data suggest that mortality has improved to less than 5%. The gold standard for ruling out MH is the contracture test. Genetic testing is also available. MH-susceptible individuals should be clearly identified for safe administration of future anesthetics.
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PMID:Malignant Hyperthermia Update. 3200 50

Malignant hyperthermia is a pharmacogenetic disorder in the regulation of calcium in skeletal muscles which is related to an uninhibited muscle hypermetabolic reaction to potent inhalation agents, the depolarizing muscle relaxant succinylcholine, and to stressors such as vigorous exercise and heat. MH is diagnosed by the clinical presentation of the disease and laboratory testing. There are a few previous studies working on if there is an association between the occurrence of malignant hyperthermia and the existence of glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency, and there was no report on growth hormone doping in the literature. So, our main goal was to show this rare case of malignant hyperthermia seen in a G6PD patient with growth hormone abuse who underwent surgery and to find if there is an association between G6PD deficiency, growth hormone abuse, and malignant hyperthermia. Our patient was a 17-year-old boy with right lower quadrant abdominal pain and tenderness who underwent appendectomy. At the end of the operation, the patient developed with an increased heart rate (sinus tachycardia), increased body temperature and end-tidal carbon dioxide (ETCO2) level, masseter muscle rigidity, and then, generalized body rigidity, so the malignant hyperthermia susceptibility was considered. The patient was managed by cooling down the patient and the administration of dantrolene. We could hypothesize that malignant hyperthermia might be associated with G6PD deficiency as a triggering factor, but has no association with recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) abuse. Another main lesson which this study tells us is to make a careful and proper history taking before going on an operation for preoperative evaluation and identification of patients with any form of suspicious drug abuse in order not to receive volatile inhalational agents and, also, performing some preventive measures including avoidance of heat extremes and restricting athletic activity in a patient with a history of malignant hyperthermia, and if the malignant hyperthermia susceptibility is suspected, urgent management should be carried out. As the association between G6PD deficiency, human growth hormone abuse, and malignant hyperthermia has remained unclear up-to-date, further potent studies are seriously needed in the future.
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PMID:Isoflurane Induced Malignant Hyperthermia in a Patient with Glucose 6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency and Growth Hormone Abuse. 3283 62


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