Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0024591 (malignant hyperthermia)
 2,353 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Sarcolemmal properties implicated in the skeletal muscle disorder, malignant hyperthermia (MH), were examined using sarcolemma-membrane vesicles isolated from normal and MH-susceptible (MHS) porcine skeletal muscle. MHS and normal sarcolemma did not differ in the distribution of the major proteins, cholesterol or phospholipid content, vesicle size and sidedness, (Na+ + K+)-ATPase activity, ouabain binding, or adenylate cyclase activity (total and isoproterenol sensitivity). The regulation of the initial rates of MHS and normal sarcolemmal ATP-dependent calcium transport (calcium uptake after 1 min) by Ca2+ (K1/2 = 0.64-0.81 microM), calmodulin, and cAMP-dependent protein kinase were similar. However, when sarcolemmal calcium content was measured at either 2 or 20 min after the initiation of active calcium transport, a significant difference between MHS and normal sarcolemmal calcium uptake became apparent, with MHS sarcolemma accumulating approximately 25% less calcium than normal sarcolemma. Calcium transport by MHS and normal sarcolemma, at 2 or 20 min, had a similar calmodulin dependence (C1/2 = 150 nM), and was stimulated to a similar extent by cAMP-dependent protein kinase or calmodulin. Halothane inhibited MHS and normal sarcolemmal active calcium uptake in a similar fashion (half-maximal inhibition at 10 mM halothane), while dantrolene (30 microM) and nitrendipine (1 microM) had little effect on either MHS or normal sarcolemmal calcium transport. After 20 min of ATP-supported calcium uptake, 2 mM EGTA plus 10 microM sodium orthovanadate were added to initiate sarcolemmal calcium efflux. Following an initial rapid phase of calcium release, an extended slow phase of calcium efflux (k = 0.012 min-1) was similar for both MHS and normal sarcolemma vesicles. We conclude that although a number of sarcolemmal properties, including passive calcium permeability, are normal in MH, a small but significant defect in MHS sarcolemmal ATP-dependent calcium transport may contribute to the abnormal calcium homeostasis and altered contractile properties of MHS skeletal muscle.
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PMID:Skeletal muscle sarcolemma in malignant hyperthermia: evidence for a defect in calcium regulation. 302 85

The effect of adenylate cyclase activation on the in vitro contractures of control and malignant hyperpyrexia susceptible (MHS) porcine muscle was investigated. While fluoride and molybdate ions potentiated drug-induced contractures in control muscle, other activators of adenylate cyclase (forskolin and noradrenaline) did not. Furthermore, fluoride and molybdate had no effect on MHS skeletal muscle contractility. Cyclic AMP content, basal adenylate cyclase activity and molybdate-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity of MHS skeletal muscle was not significantly different from that of control muscle. It is concluded that increased activity of adenylate cyclase does not represent the primary skeletal muscle defect which predisposes to porcine MH.
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PMID:Effects of adenylate cyclase activators on porcine skeletal muscle in malignant hyperpyrexia. 342 11

Malignant hyperthermia occurs in humans with several congenital myopathies, usually in response to general anesthesia. Commonly, individuals who develop this syndrome lack symptoms of muscle disease, and their muscle lacks specific pathological changes. A biochemical marker for this myopathy has not previously been available; we found activity of adenylate cyclase and content of cyclic AMP to be abnormally high in skeletal muscle. Secondary modification of protein phosphorylation could explain observed abnormalities of phosphorylase activation and sarcoplasmic reticulum function.
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PMID:High skeletal muscle adenylate cyclase in malignant hyperthermia. 627 6