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Query: UMLS:C0024591 (malignant hyperthermia)
 2,353 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We report on a patient with myopathy, kyphoscoliosis, joint contractures, and a facial appearance consistent with King syndrome. Unlike other reported cases, our patient had hyperextensible joints, normal stature, and pectus excavatum. The cardiac ventricles, aorta, and pulmonary artery were dilated. Malignant hyperthermia did not occur under anaesthesia although there was a transient increase in CK levels. Muscle bulk and tone were significantly decreased but collagen and elastin fibres were normal. The variable clinical presentation of King syndrome suggests that the manifestations are caused by different congenital myopathies and in all cases there is probably an increased risk of malignant hyperthermia.
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PMID:King syndrome: a genetically heterogenous phenotype due to congenital myopathies. 141 46

The amounts of halothane and isoflurane trapped after exposure for up to 3 h at 2 MAC in commonly used anaesthesia circuit tubing were quantitated by gas chromatography. The decontaminating effects of procedures such as flushing with oxygen, thermal disinfection and/or routine storage were assessed in a similar way. After halothane exposure, anaesthetic content was highest in silicone (398 +/- 55 mg 100 g-1). Lower quantities were found in all other tubings investigated (electrically conductive latex: 64 +/- 4, conductive rubber: 62 +/- 4, polyethylene-vinyl-acetate (PEVA): 293 +/- 10 and 149 +/- 17 for non-conductive corrugated and spiral tubes, respectively, polysulfone (Hytrel): 155 +/- 10 mg 100 g-1). The isoflurane contents were substantially lower (silicone: 278 +/- 23; others: 55 +/- 7, 61 +/- 6, 163 +/- 9 and 86 +/- 8, 74 +/- 4 mg 100 g-1). The tubings' content did not correlate with the material's partition coefficient as full saturation was not achieved during exposure. Decontamination procedures reduced the content of volatile anaesthetics to a variable extent. Conductive latex and rubber showed the highest residual content, even after thermal disinfection and subsequent storage. Twenty-minute flushing with oxygen (8 l min-1) decreased effluent gas concentrations below 5 p.p.m. in all tubings. With silicone, after 1 h flushing, halothane concentrations still exceeded 10 p.p.m. (isoflurane: 8 p.p.m.). It is concluded that urgent decontamination by a 20-min flush warrants the safe re-use of previously 'contaminated' conductive rubber and latex as well as polysulfone tubings in critical situations, e.g. in malignant hyperthermia patients if disposable tubing is not immediately available.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Anaesthetic uptake and washout characteristics of patient circuit tubing with special regard to current decontamination techniques. 144 61

We investigated Greyhounds because of prior reports of malignant hyperthermia (MH) episodes and because Greyhounds may express high genetic relatedness due to inbreeding for generations. Seven Greyhound and six mongrel dogs were given halothane and succinylcholine anesthesia as a challenge to trigger MH. They also underwent semitendinosus muscle biopsy for contracture study with halothane and caffeine. Measurements in vivo of mixed venous and arterial blood gases, cardiac output by thermodilution, temperature, blood pressure, and pulse rate provided sequential data regarding whole body O2 consumption (product of cardiac output and arterial-mixed venous O2 content difference), acid-base status, and arterial CO2 tension. Greyhounds and mongrels had uniformly similar in vivo and in vitro responses, without evidence for MH. Contracture thresholds were higher than those reported for normal swine and humans (8 mM vs. 4 mM). Information on MH susceptibility in this breed is important for laboratory investigation in Greyhounds as well as to veterinary medicine in general. Neither mongrels nor this group of Greyhounds were obviously susceptible to MH. If all Greyhounds are genetically homologous, then Greyhounds may not be specifically MH susceptible. These findings overall may provide a protocol and baseline normal comparative data for determining MH susceptibility in dogs and other species.
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PMID:Evaluation of greyhound susceptibility to malignant hyperthermia using halothane-succinylcholine anesthesia and caffeine-halothane muscle contractures. 146 Aug 48

Malignant hyperthermia (MH) is an uncommon and potentially fatal pharmacogenetic complication of anesthesia. It is commonly triggered by administration of halothane and succinylcholine. The treatment of choice is to administer dantrolene sodium while simultaneously discontinuing the triggering agent. The continued treatment of the patient will reflect the hypermetabolic state. Anesthesia can be safely administered to MH-susceptible patients. Nontriggering agents are used, and meticulous monitoring of the patient is performed. All anesthesia providers should be familiar with MH.
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PMID:Current understanding of malignant hyperthermia: genesis, prevention, and treatment. 148 45

A 14-year-old boy, an only child, with the phenotypical dysmorphic features of the King-Denborough Syndrome developed a severe hyperthermic episode during anesthesia which responded to the administration of sodium dantrolene. As adequate metabolic studies were not available at the time of the crisis he was referred for confirmation of the malignant hyperthermia (MH) status. Muscle tension studies confirmed the presence of MH. The patient's mother and father were subsequently tested and the mother was found to be MH positive, the father MH negative.
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PMID:Dominantly inherited malignant hyperthermia (MH) in the King-Denborough syndrome. 150 38

The Authors report on the results of two researchers about malignant hyperthermia (MH) carried out in Piemont and Valle D'Aosta using two different methods. The former, based on a form sent to 492 anaesthesists got 22.7 per cent answers. They indicated 4 cases of MH during the years between 1982 and 1986, out of 213,444 narcoses with an average rate of 1:71,000. The latter was canned and by questioning directly the head physicians of anaesthesia and reanimation wards about the occurrence of MH in Piemont and Valle D'Aosta in the years between 1984 and 1988. According to this research, there were 5 cases out of 891,729 narcoses (that is 1:178,346).
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PMID:[Epidemiology of malignant hyperthermia in Piedmont and Valle d'Acosta. A study conducted with 2 different methods]. 150 59

Children otherwise suitable for same-day discharge may be admitted to the hospital solely because they are known or suspected to be malignant hyperthermia-susceptible (MHS). To determine whether their hospitalization is necessary, the medical charts of 303 children labeled MHS who had undergone surgery with anesthesia free of malignant hyperthermia-triggering agents on 431 occasions between 1981 and 1990 were reviewed. Eighteen of these patients (25 cases) who were subsequently identified as biopsy-negative were excluded from the study. We recorded the reason for the MHS label and the perioperative management and outcome of the cases. Fifty-eight percent of procedures were followed by hospital admission solely because of the patient's MHS label. None of the 25 children (33 cases) with biopsy-proven malignant hyperthermia developed intraoperative or postoperative pyrexia. Ten children suspected to be MHS developed pyrexia greater than 38.5 degrees C. These episodes were not considered to be malignant hyperthermia and were not treated with dantrolene. None of the remaining 275 patients exhibited any features of malignant hyperthermia, although one had an adverse reaction to radiologic contrast medium. On the basis of our retrospective analysis, postoperative admission to the hospital solely on the basis of the MHS label is not warranted.
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PMID:Should all children with suspected or confirmed malignant hyperthermia susceptibility be admitted after surgery? A 10-year review. 151 Feb 54

1. Malignant hyperpyrexia (MH) is an inherited muscle abnormality that presents clinically as a syndrome of life-threatening complications during general anaesthesia. 2. Propofol is a new sedative hypnotic used for the induction and maintenance of anaesthesia. 3. Propofol did not induce MH in five susceptible pigs. Propofol did not induce contracture in isolated MH susceptible muscle but did modify halothane, caffeine and KCl contractures.
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PMID:Propofol anaesthesia in malignant hyperpyrexia susceptible swine. 152 53

Malignant hyperthermia is a potentially fatal disease that may be triggered by the administration of specific drugs or by stress. Although most often associated with general anesthesia, stress can be a significant stimulus and is therefore of concern to the general dentist. The decision as to how and where to treat these patients is complicated by conflicting recommendations from various sources. The aim of this article is to propose a protocol for the dentist to use in the treatment of patients with a history of malignant hyperthermia. The dentist must assess the patient for both their susceptibility to a crisis and the degree of stress of the planned procedure. For non-stressful treatment, it is reasonable to assume that the general dental practitioner can treat these patients in his office. For stressful treatment, advanced preparation is advised.
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PMID:Malignant hyperthermia and the general dentist: current recommendations. 162 57

This paper reports previously unpublished accounts of the deaths in 1915 and 1919 of two members of the same family during general anaesthesia. The deaths were subsequently ascribed to a 'hereditary susceptibility' to chloroform. Contemporary evidence is presented which suggests that these deaths were among the very earliest examples of malignant hyperthermia to be described.
Anaesthesia 1992 Jan
PMID:Malignant hyperthermia. An historical vignette. 153 7


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