Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0024591 (malignant hyperthermia)
 2,353 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Data are presented on ten cases of anaesthesia-induced malignant hyperthermia in Norway. Seven of the patients died, three recovered. The fatal cases were all boys in the age group 11-20 years. This age and sex distribution suggests that puberty with the increase in androgens is a precipitating factor in malignant hyperthermia. One of the victims who survived was a 4 1/2-year-old pseudohermaphrodite girl with the adrenogenital syndrome. The coincidence of malignant hyperthermia in a patient with such a rare syndrome points to the excessive formation of androgens in patients with this syndrome as a predisposing factor. The indications for surgery were traumatic injuries in five cases, congenital abnormalities in three and appendicitis in two cases. These conditions in themselves may cause an increased sensitivity to suxamethonium. One patient received only hexobarbitone, halothane and suxamethonium. After the last drug jaw rigidity and temperature rise to 41.3 degrees C prompted the anaesthetist to end the anaesthetic. The fact that the patient survived proves that suxamethonium induced jaw rigidity is valuable as a warning. The absence of cardiovascular depression after procaine 3.5 g in one patient is ascribed to the correction of acidosis at the time of infusion of this drug. It is suggested that procaine should be withheld until other measures such as cooling, correction of acidosis and steroid therapy have been tried.
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PMID:Ten cases of malignant hyperthermia in Norway. 97 60

Fifty-three swine from the University of Missouri Sinclair Medical Research Farm were used in experimentation to determine their susceptibility to malignant hyperthermia, to determine appropriate anesthetic agents for susceptible swine and to investigate appropriate pharmaceutical agents which could protect against the development of malignant hyperthermia. The screening technics used were successful in determining susceptible animals to MH and the anesthesia studies indicated that dissociative anesthetics had less tendency to trigger MH than did halothane and pancuronium was shown to have greater safety as a muscle relaxant than succinylcholine in this group of pigs. Pigs pretreated with reserpine had less tendency to develop symptoms of MH and some were completely protected. The principle undesirable effect was the development of hypotension if sufficient reserpine was used to provide total protection.
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PMID:Preanesthetic evaluation and management of malignant hyperthermia in the pig experimental model. 98 20

Although a rare complication of general anesthesia, unanticipated malignant hyperpyrexia requires a rapid, organized treatment plan. With the aid of a treatment protocol sheet and a compact drug and cooling package, treatment can be implemented quickly in each operating room.
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PMID:A preplanned treatment for malignant hyperpyrexia. 98 30

Creatinphosphokinase (CPK) was elevated in sera of patients with malignant hyperthermia and in sera of some of their relatives. Only the MM-isoenzyme (but not the MB- or the BB-isoenzyme) could be detected by paperchromatographic analysis. In some of the patients elevation of muscle aldolase was also observed. Thus, the appearance of the BB-isoenzyme in sera of patients with malignant hyperthermia, as described by another group of investigators, was not confirmed. No specific screening method exists as yet to detect patients with a high risk of developing this often lethal reaction to anesthesia. However, in patients without muscle disease or trauma and without prior i.m. injections, myocardial infarction or major physical strain, elevation of CPK in serum should be interpreted as meaning that malignant hyperthermia may develop during anesthesia. The pathophysiology of malignant hyperthermia is discussed.
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PMID:[Malignant hyperthermia: attempt at an early diagnosis by means of determination of creatine phosphokinase (CPK) and its isoenzymes]. 99 19

Malignant hyperthermia is a life-threatening complication of general anesthesia. Its cause is not precisely known but it appears to be related to a genetic defect that allows increased release or decreased reaccumulation of calcium by the sarcoplasmic reticulum whech then results in a hypermetabolic state. As with any unexpected complication when a patient is under general anesthesia, early diagnosis and treatment are essential. The early clinical signs that the surgeon and anesthesiologist shoulc be alert to are unexplained tachycardia, unexplained tachypnea, muscular rigidity, and increased temperature. Therapy should be accurate and immediate. The essentials of therapy are discontinuance of the anesthetic agent; immediate, active, and aggressive cooling; administration of procaine or procaine amide, 1 mg/kg/min until the pulse slows; correction of electrolyte and acid-base imbalances; maintenance of urinary output with furosemide and large volumes of fluids, intravenously; and supportive care. A thorough knowledge of the management of malignant hyperthermia ahd the pathophysiology of the complications that may occur with general anesthesia will allow the oral surgeon to fully meet his obligations to his patients.
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PMID:Survival of an oral surgery patient with malignant hyperthermia. 105 44

Malignant hyperthermia in susceptible swine was completely blocked by epidural anesthesia with lidocaine. Incomplete epidural anesthesia modified the disease but did not prevent it. These studies indicate the importance of the nervous system in the triggering of malignant hyperthermia. (Key words: Hyperthermia, malignant; Anesthetic technique, peridural.).
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PMID:Prevention of porcine malignant hyperthermia by epidural block. 111 85

Our purpose was to determine whether an apparently healthy patient who died under general anaesthesia had malignant hyperpyrexia by examining her relatives and to suggest protective measures for the relatives of the deceased patient against this complication during future general anaesthetics. The family members of the deceased patient were examined systematically to determine whether or not they were prone to develop malignant hyperpyrexia. Raised serum CPK and aldolase levels, EMG changes, histopathological examination of the striated muscle, diminished muscle power during an ergometric test, and subjective symptoms revealed that other members of her family had muscular dystrophy. Our results support the theory that during general anaesthesia patients with muscular dystrophy are prone to develop malignant hyperpyrexia. Although muscular dystrophy is uncommon in Finland, affected persons should be catalogued, and preventive measures against malignant hyperpyrexia taken if they ever have to have a general anaesthetic.
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PMID:Malignant hyperpyrexia. A study of an affected family. 113 33

All physicians performing surgery while the patient is under general anesthesia must be aware of the existence of idiopathic malignant hyperthermia. A young adult had a malignant hyperthermic reaction despite four prior uneventful administrations of general anesthetics. To my knowledge, this is the first report of a patient who survived following a hyperthermic reaction, having sustained considerable residual brain damage. There is a great need for continuous body-temperature monitoring during general anesthesia.
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PMID:Idiopathic malignant hyperthermia. Review and report of a case. 113 89

The effects of the intravenous infusion of dantrolene sodium and of equal volumes of normal saline on arterial pressure, central venous pressure, heart rate and cardiac output have been investigated in healthy, anaesthetised dogs. The infusion of dantrolene in the manner and dose found to be effective by other workers in pigs-8 for the treatment of anaesthetic induced malignant hyperpyrexia, produced changes which differ little from those observed after the infusion of a similar quantity of saline. These results are discussed.
Anaesthesia 1975 May
PMID:The cardiovascular effects of dantrolene sodium in dogs. 114 75

A case of malignant hyperpyrexia with unusual features in a South African negro child is described. The diagnosis was confirmed by the clinical presentation and laboratory investigations. Aspects of treatment and subsequent successful anaesthetic management are discussed.
Anaesthesia 1975 May
PMID:An unusual case of malignant hyperpyrexia. First reported case in a South African negro. 114 77


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