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Query: UMLS:C0024591 (malignant hyperthermia)
 2,353 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Malignant hyperthermia may appear during surgery. It has at least three features: 1) an anesthesiological trigger, usually the association of halothane and succinylcholine; 2) rapid increase in body temperature; 3) widespread muscle hypertonia. The literature is reviewed in an assessment of the physiopathological mechanism underlying the syndrome, with particular reference to the part played by calcium. Experimental data are cited and their similarity with the clinical, laboratory, anatomical, and histopathological picture in man is discussed. A detailed account is also given of two personal cases. Lastly, questions associated with the prevention and treatment of malignant hyperthermia are examined.
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PMID:[Malignant hyperthermia. Review of literature and case reports]. 39 55

In a series of 53 fenfluramine intoxications (15 taken from the literature), 10 were lethal after doses of 28.7--70 mg/kg of body weight. Cardiac arrest occurred 1--4 hr after ingestion in 9 cases; all these 9 patients died. Two out of 3 patients with more than 15 mg/kg had coma and convulsions. Other frequent signs were mydriasis, tachycardia, and rubor of the face. The additional signs of nystagmus, hypertonia, trismus, hyperreflexia, clonus, excitation, hyperthermia, and sweating define the clinical syndrome of fenfluramine intoxication. Symptoms begin 30--60 min after ingestion and can persist during several days. Early gastric lavage, instillation of activated charcoal, diazepam in case of seizures, chlorpromazine for malignant hyperthermia, propranolol for extreme tachycardia, and lidocaine in the event of ventricular extrasystoles are recommended. If trismus is a prominent sign, muscle relaxants must be given before gastric lavage can be done. The relatively benign course after survival of the first 4 hr suggests supportive therapy only in the later phase of intoxication.
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PMID:Fenfluramine poisoning. 43 87

Hypertonus of masseter and chest wall muscle in one patient following intravenous suxamethonium is reported. Subsequent investigations including electromyography and muscle biopsy with in vitro pharmacological testing failed to reveal any abnormality to account for the response. The clinical problems presented to the anaesthetist when suxamethonium-induced hypertonus occurs are discussed. The relationship between a hypertonic reaction to suxamethonium and neuromuscular disease (including myotonic disorders and the malignant hyperpyrexia myopathy) is considered.
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PMID:Muscle hypertonus after intravenous suxamethonium: A clinical problem. 120 41

Trismus, or masseter hypertonia, that results from the use of succinylcholine during induction of anesthesia is a rare and dangerous phenomenon. It presents to the anesthesiologist the immediate problem of airway management but it also must be recognized by the physician as a harbinger of malignant hyperthermia. We report a case of induction trismus and discuss its association with malignant hyperthermia. The pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment of malignant hyperthermia are reviewed.
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PMID:Anesthetic induction trismus, more than a closed-mouth problem. 373 51

The Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome (NMS) is a rare but severe affection (spontaneous mortality 30 to 50 per cent), associating fever, hypertonia with myolysis, and respiratory impairment. Its mechanism remains debatable: The origin of the hypertonia might be central (as phenothiazines and butyrophenones induce a blockade of dopaminergic receptors in the hypothalamus) or it might be muscular (with an impairment of the sarcoplasmic reticulum uptake of calcium in a genetically abnormal muscle, as is proven in malignant hyperthermia). Whatever the actual mechanism, the oral or intravenous administration of sodium dantrolene, a peripheral muscle relaxant agent which does not affect the neuromuscular transmission but prevents the calcium-dependent contraction of actin and myosine, has proved to be effective in three recent cases of NMS.
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PMID:Dantrolene--a new therapeutic approach to the neuroleptic malignant syndrome. 614 31