Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0024591 (malignant hyperthermia)
 2,353 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The authors report the case of an infant with noncommunicating hydrocephalus, Arnold-Chiari malformation, and a lumbar myelomeningocele, in whom malignant hyperthermia occurred. The genetics and presumed etiology of this unusual problem are reviewed. The management is directed toward establishing effective cooling measures, reversing tissue hypoxia, and correcting respiratory and metabolic acidosis.
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PMID:Malignant hyperthermia. 83 65

The effect of dantrolene on porcine malignant hyperthermia in the Pietrain pig was studied. Five out of six pigs were successfully treated with dantrolene and the alkaline solvent was found to have no therapeutic effect.
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PMID:Treatment of porcine malignant hyperpyrexia. The successful use of dantrolene in the Pietrain pig. 86 47

The oral administration of dantrolene for the prophylaxis of malignant hyperthermia (MH) in susceptible swine has been investigated. Complete protection from MH in pigs exposed to the known MH initiating agents, halothane and suxamethonium, was demonstrated.
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PMID:The prophylaxis of malignant hyperthermia by oral dantrolene sodium in swine. 88 45

All halothane vaporizers tested for leakage when turned off, leaked significant amounts of halothane and this may represent a hazard to patients liable to develop halothane hepatitis or malignant hyperpyrexia. The hazard from leaking vaporizers may be reduced considerably by the use of well-designed bypass units. Circuit contamination by halothane may still result from such sources as neoprene seals around flowmeters, breathing bags and anaesthetic hose which have had previous contact with halothane vapour, whether or not an apparatus is in use. The hazard from contaminated hoses and bags may be reduced considerably by washing and then hanging in a halothane-free atmosphere for a day. The hazard from contamined rubber or plastic components of the anaesthetic machine can be eliminated only by using one apparatus without the vaporizers having been attached at any time during its working life. Similarly, hazards may arise from trichloroethylene vaporizers and from circuit components contaminated with trichloroethylene.
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PMID:Inadvertent contamination of anaesthetic circuits with halothane. 88 61

General anaesthesia with Althesin was administered on two occasions to a patient who was identified as susceptible to malignant hyperthermia, in whom there was identified familial subclinical myopathy and once in another patient suffering from arthrogryposis multiplex congenita with a history of fever associated with two previous anaesthetics. In the first patient halothane was administered by accident in association with the Althesin, but no hyperpyrexia occurred. In the second instance nitrous oxide-oxygen and halothane were associated purposely with Althesin. In none of these cases was there any rise in temperature, muscle rigor or elevation of the serum CPK level. This experience corroborates the experimental evidence of Hall, et al.10 and Harrison, who reported that Althesin prevented the onset of hyperthermia, and the clinical reports of Page and Judelman. Althesin can be assumed to be an effective anaesthetic for malignant hyperthermia susceptible patients.
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PMID:Malignant hyperthermia and althesin. 89 May 63

1. The effects of dantrolene on pharmacologically-induced contractures and potentiated isometric twitches in normal human skeletal muscle have been studied in vitro. 2. Dantrolene sodium, at concentrations of 3 mumol/l or less, attenuates basal twitch, inhibits halothane potentiation of basal twitch and inhibits halothane-potentiated potassium contractures, but has less effect on twitch potentiation by 2 mmol/l caffeine. 3. Caffeine contractures are attenuated by dantrolene concentrations of 12 mumol/l or greater. The effect of dantrolene on caffeine contracture is characterized by decreased contracture tension and by prolonged time to peak contracture. 4. The results indicate that halothane and 2 mmol/l caffeine have agonistic effects on the excitation-contraction (E-C) coupling mechanism, and suggest that they may act at separate E-C coupling sites. The relationships of these findings to the pathopharmacology of malignant hyperpyrexia are discussed.
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PMID:Studies on normal human skeletal muscle in relation to the pathopharmacology of malignant hyperpyrexia. 89 Oct 45

Succinylcholine should be avoided in any patient with known myotonia because of the possibility of an abnormal rigid response. In addition, the possibility of undiagnosed myotonia should be considered in any myopathic patient. While not all myotonic responses are associated with malignant hyperthermia, the anesthetic should be discontinued immediately and the patient should be closely observed for elevation of temperature.
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PMID:Prolonged muscle rigidity following administration of succinylcholine. 89 46

Of the various drugs currently suggested for the treatment of malignant hyperpyrexia, dantrolene sodium was the most effective in reversing and inhibiting drug induced contractures in vitro, both in normal muscle and in muscle from patients who are susceptible to malignant hyperpyrexia. It is suggested that dantrolene sodium is the drug of choice for lowering the raised myoplasmic calcium concentrations in malignant hyperpyrexia.
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PMID:Drug treatment of malignant hyperpyrexia. 90 Apr 61

In a study of human malignant hyperpyrexia-susceptible muscle a comparison between pancuronium and methylprednisolone showed that both drugs produced qualitatively similar depression of the halothane-induced muscle contracture. From this and other evidence, it is suggested that pancuronium is a suitable drug for use in malignant hyperpyrexia-susceptible patients.
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PMID:Anaesthesia for patients susceptible to malignant hyperpyrexia. A study of pancuronium and methylprednisolone. 91 94

The calcium and magnesium contents of muscle obtained by muscle biopsy of patients referred for malignant hyperpyrexia screening were determined. The susceptibility to malignant hyperpyrexia was made on the basis of the halothane contracture test. No difference in cation concentrations was found between the normal and malignant hyperpyrexia-susceptible groups.
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PMID:Calcium and magnesium contents of malignant hyperpyrexia-susceptible human muscle. 92 75


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