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Query: UMLS:C0024591 (malignant hyperthermia)
 2,353 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A therapeutic and prophylactic dose of dantrolene administered to malignant hyperthermia-susceptible pigs had no effect on the abnormal in vitro contracture response of subsequent muscle biopsies. The in vitro contracture response of MHS pig muscle to halothane and to caffeine was not altered by prior dantrolene treatment. It is concluded that prior dantrolene administration has no effect on the discrimination of porcine MSH by in vitro pharmacological testing.
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PMID:Does prior dantrolene affect the in vitro diagnosis of malignant hyperthermia susceptibility? 52 74

A center for the diagnosis and research for malignant hyperthermia is established within the Research Division of the Department of Anesthesiology at the University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas. In this Research Conference we define malignant hyperthermia, present its brief history, and describe the diagnostic procedures and directions of research in our laboratory. Although rare in occurrence, malignant hyperthermia is a significant disease entity because it (a) has a high morbidity and mortality; (b) is of genetic basis; and (c) for lack of a simple diagnostic test, it's occurrence is unexpected. The primary defect appears to occur in skeletal muscle, thus the diagnostic test and research efforts center upon abnormal pharmacologic and biochemical responses of skeletal muscle from affected subjects.
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PMID:Malignant hyperthermia: diagnosis, treatment and investigations of a skeletal muscle lesion. 53 56

Lactic acid, glucose, creatine phosphokinase (CPK) and some mineral components were determined in the blood of piglets before and after a halothane test of five minutes (only before for CPK). Two different experimental groups were studied: 222 Pietrain piglets from an INRA experimental herd, and 325 piglets from the Large White, French Landrace and Belgian Landrace breeds entering performance testing stations. Animals reacting positively to halothane ("MHS" piglets) have significantly higher blood levels of lactic acid and potassium before anesthesia than normal animals. CPK is also higher, except for the Belgian Landrace: in this breed CPK shows the same average value and distribution in the two groups of piglets (normal and MHS). There are also breed differences in blood magnesium, independently of the reaction to halothane. But the breed differences observed in lactic acid and CPK are related to the proportion of MHS piglets in each breed. Anesthesia by means of halothane lowers the measured blood characteristics--except for glucose--in normal animals, and rises them--except for potassium--in MHS piglets. The results are discussed in view of the incomplete discrimination between the two types of pigs, with a 5 minutes test, and, particularly, considering possible breed differences in that respect.
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PMID:[Blood characteristics of some french pig populations. Relationships with the malignant hyperthermia syndrome (author's transl)]. 54 25

A case of possible malignant hyperthermia in a 6-month-old child is presented. Malignant hyperthermia was manifested in this patient by persistent metabolic acidosis in the intraoperative and postoperative periods, by a rapid rise in temperature with concomitant unresponsiveness in the postoperative period, and by a positive caffeine-halothane stimulation test. The malignant hyperthermia occurring in the postoperative period resolved promptly following administration of dantrolene sodium. An unusual aspect of this case is that both of the child's parents had normal CPK values and negative caffeine-halothane stimulation tests.
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PMID:Management of suspected malignant hyperpyrexia in an infant. 57 Dec 20

Lidocaine, considered by some to be potentially dangerous in malignant hyperthermia (MH), was administered intravenously to a dose of 15 mg/kg to five conscious MH-susceptible pigs. Subsequently the same pigs were given 24 mg/kg intravenously over a period of 2 hours after being anesthetized with thiopental. All animals developed systemic toxicity to lidocaine but without evidence of MH. Prior administration of lidocaine did not prevent development of subsequent MH due to succinylcholine and halothane. Lidocaine is safe in porcine MH.
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PMID:Failure of lidocaine to trigger porcine malignant hyperthermia. 57 Dec 53

This study compares several methods for diagnosing susceptibility to malignant hyperthermia, using two groups of Poland China swine narrowly defined as genetically susceptible or normal (five pigs each) depending respectively on their response to halothane or to halothane and succinylcholine. Vastus medialis muscle biopsies were excised under thiopental-N2O-O2 anesthesia and used for examination of (1) contracture responses to halothane, (2) contracture responses to caffeine and halothane-caffeine, and (3) adenosine triphosphate (ATP) depletion with and without halothane. All studies were performed in organ baths at 37 C. Halothane alone produced contractures in two susceptible and one normal preparation; caffeine always produced a contracture at lower concentrations in susceptible muscle; caffeine-halothane contractures in susceptible muscle occurred at lower mean caffeine concentrations, but there was some overlap of individual values; mean ATP depletion was greater in susceptible muscle, but with considerable overlap. Comparisons with the findings of others were hampered by use of absolute rather than comparative values for tension, e.g., grams, rather than grams per cross-sectional area or fraction of peak tension. Examination of the complete dose-response curve provided the best comparative information and caffeine was the consistent predictor of susceptibility.
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PMID:Muscle contractures and adenosine triphosphate depletion in porcine malignant hyperthermia. 57 59

A 31-year old male developed malignant hyperthermia (MH) during the initial minutes of Halothane induction. CPK rose to 6120 U/ml and decreased to normal levels as the patient became afebrile over a 10 day period of cooling measures and metabolic management. Muscle weakness, predominantly proximal and depressed deep tendon reflexes were found upon examination during convalescence. Muscle biopsy showed neurogenic changes characterized by fiber type grouping and targetoid fibers. CPK was elevated in one of the patient's children. This case supports the view of underlying hereditary neuromyopathy in MH.
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PMID:Neuromyopathy in malignant hyperthermia. 58 Feb 62

An eight-year-old male suffered from long-standing proximal muscle weakness, dramatically aggravated by febrile episodes. Neuromuscular work-up disclosed a myopathy with multiple central cores of non-familial nature. The presence of central cores in this patient as well as in the myopathy of malignant hyperpyrexia might suggest a pathophysiological basis common to both conditions.
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PMID:Myopathy with multiple central cores. A case with hypersensitivity to pyrexia. 58 99

To test the hypothesis that human muscular dystrophies may be secondary to denervation, the responses in vitro of muscle in human malignant hyperpyrexia to electrical and pharmacological stimuli have been compared with those of the denervated mouse soleus muscle. The results suggest that the muscle abnormality in malignant hyperpyrexia is different from that produced by denervation. This must cast doubt on the concept that other human muscular dystrophies are secondary to denervation.
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PMID:Is malignant hyperpyrexia muscle denervated? 59 76

Malignant hyperthermia of anesthesia is a severe complication and must be treated vigorously. The anesthetic should be stopped and the core body temperature reduced. Systemic complications must be anticipated, hopefully prevented, and appropriately treated. Appropriate laboratory studies must be obtained. A comprehensive family survey may alert the physician to a tendency toward this problem. Temperature monitoring during surgery may give an early warning of malignant hyperthermia developing. I would suggest that routine temperature monitoring during surgery be considered by the anesthesia department during each general anesthetic administration.
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PMID:Malignant hyperthermia. 59 49


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