Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0024591 (malignant hyperthermia)
 2,353 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The preliminary results of a retrospective examination of the myocardium from 11 patients who responded to general anaesthesia with malignant hyperthermia are presented. Light-microscopical examination of the sections revealed no specific changes due to malignant hyperthermia. Contraction bands were demonstrated in 4 cases and it is concluded that the present investigation does not support the suggestion that a specific myofibrillar damage is responsbile for the arrhythmias seen in malignant hyperthermia.
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PMID:The histology of myocardium in malignant hyperthermia: a preliminary report of 11 cases. 45 62

Some non-rigid Malignant Hyperthermia Susceptible (MHS) patients have a greater than normal incidence of fractures. Radiologically their long bones are slightly thinner than normal. Excessive numbers of caries because of thin dental enamel may also be present. The Malignant Hyperthermic (MH) defects thus appears to involve cells of bone appendages as well as of muscle. We have measured the concentration of calcium in bone by neutron activation analysis and have found it to be reduced in both non-rigid and rigid malignant hyperthermia susceptible patients. The reductions were particularly marked for the non-rigid patients. Bone calcium concentrations were lower in males than in females and in those under 16 and over 60 years of age. This is additional evidence is favour of the hypothesis that malignant hyperthermia is a widespread defect affecting tissues and organs throughout the body.
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PMID:In vivo neutron activation analysis for bone calcium (INVAA) in malignant hyperthermia susceptible patients. 46 46

The effects of varying temperatures from 25 degrees to 37 degrees C on calcium binding characteristics of sarcoplasmic reticulum from malignant hyperthermia-susceptible (MHS) and control pig muscle were examined. Two groups of MHS pigs were included: those with high susceptibility to malignant hyperthermia (MHS group) and a cross-bred, less susceptible group (MHX). At 25 degrees C, calcium binding was lower for MHS than for controls and MHX. As temperature was increased by 2 degrees C jumps, calcium binding decreased in all sarcoplasmic reticulum fractions. At 35 degrees C a sharp decrease in calcium binding occurred in the MHS and MHX fractions. The sharp decrease in calcium binding at 35 degrees C differentiated the MHS and MHX fractions from controls. The initial velocity (Vi) for calcium binding was lower in MHS fractions between 25 degrees and 35 degrees C when compared with MHX and controls. All fractions had increased Vi values as temperature increased from 25 degrees to 35 degrees C. From 35 degrees to 39 degrees Vi for controls increased markedly. In contrast, Vi for the MHX fraction decreased as temperature exceeded 35 degrees C. These temperature effects on calcium binding characteristics of sarcoplasmic reticulum from MHS and MHX muscle may be indicative of a membrane transition that impairs calcium binding.
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PMID:Temperature perturbation studies of sarcoplasmic reticulum from malignant hyperthermia pig muscle. 47 74

Malignant hyperthermia is an inherited muscular disorder and a cause of sudden death in afflicted patients. Stress arising from tramuma, surgery, and other causes can initiate the syndrome. We studied the types of orthopaedic problems commonly seen in patients with this condition as well as the clinical manifestations and pathophysiology of the syndrome. Recognition, management, and understanding of the pathophysiology of malignant hyperthermia can be aided by a study of its similarities to porcine stress syndrome. We performed experimental studies of muscle and prophylaxis in swine. We also demonstrated the extension of the prophylactic use of dantrolene sodium in a management protocol in eighty surgical procedures in humans.
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PMID:Malignant hyperthermia. A potentially fatal syndrome in orthopaedic patients. 48 49

Suxamethonium induced a contracture in caffeine pretreated human muscle in vitro. The contracture was significantly greater (P less than 0.001) with MHS muscle compared with muscle from normal subjects. This reaction is now used as an additional screening test for the MHS phenotype. The contracture was prevented by pretreatment with dantrolene.
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PMID:A screening test for the malignant hyperpyrexia phenotype using suxamethonium-induced contracture of muscle treated with caffeine and its inhibition by dantrolene. 49 72

To examine the function of sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) in malignant hyperthermia, SR was isolated from semitendinosus muscle of normal and genetically susceptible Poland China swine. Determinations included rate of calcium binding (oxalate absent), rate and capacity of calcium uptake (oxalate present), and spontaneous calcium release (in the absence of ionic depolarization or calcium) with and without halothane, using the millipore filtration technique. Rate of calcium binding, and rate and capacity of calcium uptake were decreased, and spontaneous calcium release was greater in SR fragments from susceptible swine as compared to those from normal swine. Halothane 0.5% slightly increased the rate of calcium binding in susceptible and normal SR. Above 1%, halothane decreased calcium binding rate, and uptake rate and capacity, and increased calcium release similarly in susceptible and normal SR. These differences in SR function were insufficient to explain the etiology of malignant hyperthemia, nor did the effect of halothane account for its triggering action.
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PMID:Skeletal muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum in porcine malignant hyperthermia. 49 49

Two patients with successfully treated malignant hyperpyrexia are reported. Carbon dioxide output, calculated from the respiratory minute volume and PaCO2, was found to be greatly increased in both patients. In the patient who received dantolene 7.5 mg kg-1 the carbon dioxide output decreased rapidly to normal values, whereas in the other patient carbon dioxide output remained increased for several hours.
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PMID:Increased carbon dioxide production in two patients with malignant hyperpyrexia and its control by dantolene. 50 95

We present a case of malignant hyperthermia in which successful management included the intravenous use of dantrolene sodium. A subsequent operation under spinal anaesthesia with oral dantrolene prophylaxis did not lead to development of malignant hyperthermia. Since this syndrome is rare during regional anaesthesia, the role of prophylactic oral dantrolene in preventing the redevelopment of malignant hyperthermia in our patient is open to question.
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PMID:Successful use of dantrolene sodium in human malignant hyperthermia syndrome: a case report. 50 49

Halothane, at clinical concentrations, depolarizes the plasma membrane of skeletal muscle from Poland China pigs susceptible to malignant hyperthermia but does not affect the resting membrane potential of muscle from normal poland China pigs, mice, or frogs. The depolarization is reduced or partially reversed in the presence of dantrolene sodium. We suggest the possibility that malignant hyperthermia may be initiated by this abnormal depolarization of skeletal muscle by halothane.
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PMID:Role of plasma membrane defect of skeletal muscle in malignant hyperthermia. 51 15

We have reviewed the anaesthetic histories of patients later found to be susceptible to malignant hyperpyrexia (MH). Many patients known to have this condition have been exposed to the known inducing agents previously, sometimes on more than on occasion. It is clear that insusceptibility to MH cannot be assumed from previous uneventful exposure to the known triggering agents and that all patients suspected of having inherited MH must be screened by in vivo muscle biopsy studies. No common factor could be found to explain this phenomenon.
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PMID:Retrospective analysis of anaesthetics received by patients before susceptibility to malignant hyperpyrexia was recognized. 51 96


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