Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0024591 (malignant hyperthermia)
 2,353 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Narcots and muscle relaxants are proven causes of malignant hyperthermia. Alcohol and a large number of drugs are capable of inducing myopathic changes which resemble malignant hyperthermia. The case of a 47-year-old man is reported who presented with the clinical symptoms of maligant hyperthermia. The similarity in the course of the disturbance, the clinical and chemical findings and the changes in the morphological features of the muscle suggested that the abnormally high body temperature had been induced by psychotropic durgs in a pre-disposed patient with an history of chronic alcoholism.
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PMID:[A case of malignant hyperthermia unrelated to anaesthesia (author's transl)]. 63 2

Heat shock is the consequence of malignant hyperthermia triggered by general anaesthesia, the use of neuroleptic drugs, or strenuous muscular exercise. Chronic alcoholism could be a contributing factor by facilitating the triggering of malignant hyperthermia. We describe two cases of malignant hyperthermia which occurred during the summer in undernourished chronic alcoholics showing withdrawal syndrome during their stay in hospital. General anaesthesia and neuroleptics were excluded as the origin of their malignant hyperthermia, and we looked for new mechanisms to explain the heat shock, other than shivering associated with the withdrawal syndrome or the high temperature of the season. These two patients were considered deficient in thiamine on admission, their plasma pyruvic acid level being sharply increased (185 mumol/l and 304 mumol/l respectively; normal range: 45.6-91.2 mumol/l). This deficiency can lead to disregulation of thermal centres. Other metabolic disorders, frequently observed in alcoholics, could facilitate heat release during withdrawal syndrome shivering. The risk of heat shock during abrupt alcohol withdrawal should not be underestimated.
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PMID:[Malignant hyperthermia during alcohol withdrawal]. 276 73

Out of five injectable long-acting neuroleptics (LANs) in general use in France, two are french derivatives. LANs in France have been introduced at high dosages, because of the administration of high doses of oral activating neuroleptics at that time. Despite the apparent lack of relationship between dosage and adverse effects, the clinical use of LANs has nowadays moved to lower doses, probably because of the treatment of a greater proportion of less severely-ill outpatients and of patients at an early stage. The "sectorial" organization of community psychiatry in France has contributed to the low-dose LAN strategy. French authors pointed to an original indication of LANs, namely very low dosages in chronic alcoholism characterized by a high frequency of early personality disorders, such as paranoid or psychopathic traits. Adverse reactions are more pronounced in such patients at high dosages, esp. depression and sedation. The authors have been the first ones to report the incidence of depressive reactions in prolonged treatments with LANs (1967). Malignant hyperthermia, though rare, has been related to a direct onset of treatment with a LAN and not to its dosage.
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PMID:Some aspects of the French contribution during the past ten years to the study and use of injectable long-acting neuroleptics. 611 80

A 33-year-old man with chronic alcoholism presented with left flank pain and a low-grade fever. He had a previous history of left renal calculi treated by extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy 3 months previously at a local hospital. Since a stone was impacted at the ureteropelvic junction resulting in septic hydronephrosis, a D-J catheter was introduced to relieve the condition. He underwent fluid therapy with antibiotics. Elective pyelolithotomy was scheduled on day 10. However, persistent pyonephrosis necessitated the removal of the infected kidney. Hyperthermia over 40 degrees C continued after surgery and dark urine developed on postoperative day 2. Rhabdomyolysis was suspected because of myoglobulinemia with a high creatine phosphokinase level. Systemic cooling and treatment with fluid and diuretics saved his renal function. He survived episodic malignant hyperthermia and was discharged from intensive care unit on postoperative day 5.
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PMID:[Rhabdomyolysis following nephrectomy for pyonephrosis: a case report]. 1033 Nov 80

Rhabdomyolysis is a disorder characterized by acute damage of the sarcolemma of the skeletal muscle leading to release of potentially toxic muscle cell components into the circulation, most notably creatine phosphokinase (CK) and myoglobin, and is frequently accompanied by myoglobinuria. Therefore, the term myoglobinuria is often used interchangeably with the term rhabdomyolysis. This disorder may result in potential life-threatening complications such as acute myoglobinuric renal failure, hyperkalemia and cardiac arrest, disseminated intravascular coagulation, and compartment syndrome. The condition is etiologically heterogeneous and may result from a large variety of diseases affecting muscle membranes, membrane ion channels, and muscle energy supply including acquired causes (e.g., exertion, crush injury and trauma, alcoholism, drugs, and toxins) and hereditary causes (e.g., disorders of carbohydrate metabolism, disorders of lipid metabolism, or diseases of the muscle associated with malignant hyperthermia). In many patients with idiopathic recurrent rhabdomyolysis, specific inherited metabolic defects have not been recognized up to now.
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PMID:[Rhabdomyolysis and myoglobinuria]. 1279 89