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Query: UMLS:C0024530 (malaria)
 44,886 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A newborn of 26 days, born in Lisbon, Portugal, presented with fever, anaemia and thrombocytopaenia. She was admitted considering neonatal sepsis, but Plasmodium vivax was identified in the second peripheral blood smear performed. Parenteral quinine was started with good evolution. Despite clinicians' unfamiliarity with congenital malaria in non-endemic areas, this diagnosis, although rare, should not be forgotten in the evaluation of newborns/infants born to women from endemic areas or with recent trip to these areas.
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PMID:Congenital malaria in a European country. 2323 23

Plasmodium knowlesi malaria is an uncommon, but highly prevalent parasitic infection in parts of Malaysia. This is the case of a 14-year-old Singaporean boy presenting to our emergency department with an 11-day history of fever following a school trip to Malaysia. Hepatosplenomegaly was the only clinical finding; laboratory tests showed thrombocytopaenia, lymphopaenia, mild anaemia and liver transaminitis. Specific malaria antigen tests were negative, but the peripheral blood film showed plasmodia with atypical features, with a parasite load of 0.5%. PCR confirmed the diagnosis of P knowlesi. The patient was successfully treated with chloroquine. The clinical course of P knowlesi malaria is indistinguishable from that of Plasmodium falciparum. This case highlights the importance of taking detailed travel history, careful examination of malaria blood films and judicious use of molecular techniques. Antigen tests alone may have missed a malaria diagnosis altogether, while blood film examination may wrongly identify the species as Plasmodium malariae or P falciparum. Third-generation PCR assays can be used to reliably identify P knowlesi.
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PMID:Plasmodium knowlesi infection: a diagnostic challenge. 2360 76

Prolonged fever is an important cause of morbidity in pediatric practice, especially in tropical areas. It is above all a problem of etiological diagnosis given the vast number of etiologies. In sub-Saharan Africa, practitioners more often focus on bacterial infections and malaria at the expense of other infectious diseases such as human African trypanosomiasis (HAT), most often leading to overuse of antibiotics and antimalarials. A dramatic resurgence of HAT, also called sleeping sickness, has been reported during the last few decades in large areas of Central Africa. Furthermore, with the development of air transport, cases of children infected during a trip to Africa can be exported outside endemic areas, making diagnosis even more difficult. This parasitic infection causes a protracted, often initially unrecognized, illness with episodes of fever, headache, and malaise, accompanied by progressive lymphadenopathy, before the development of a progressive meningoencephalitis. These three case reports aim to remind practitioners of clinical and biological signs suggestive of HAT diagnosis in children living in endemic areas or having stayed there during the months prior to visiting the doctor. The prognosis is largely dependent on the precocity of diagnosis and therapeutic support.
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PMID:[Human African trypanosomiasis: report of three cases]. 2382 76

Malaria is generally diagnosed ante-mortem. Few post-mortem cases have been described in the literature. Post-mortem cases may present as sudden and unexpected deaths of young individuals rising suspicious of unnatural death, and may therefore be investigated by medical examiners. We present the case of a 24-year-old man who died a few days after returning from a trip to Mali (Africa). Death was attributed to cerebral malaria after a thorough post-mortem investigation. The pathological aspects underlying the fatal outcome are discussed.
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PMID:Sudden death due to cerebral malaria: a case report. 2391 Aug 62

We report herein on a case of Plasmodium malariae malaria with more than a 4-month incubation period. A 35-year-old Japanese man who first presented to our clinic with fever and history of travel to Papua New Guinea was suspected of having Plasmodium vivax malaria based on peripheral smear results. We admitted him and initiated treatment with mefloquine. After two days of therapy, he became afebrile. We discharged him, and P. vivax was later confirmed with PCR. We started mefloquine prophylaxis for a planned trip to Papua New Guinea. After his return, a standard dose of primaquine (15 mg x 14 days) was prescribed for a radical cure of P. vivax. About 4 months after his last visit to Papua New Guinea, he returned to our clinic with fever. We suspected a relapse of P. vivax malaria and admitted him for a second time. After two days of mefloquine therapy, his symptoms improved. We discharged him and restarted a higher dose of primaquine (30 mg x 14 days) therapy for a radical cure of P. vivax. Subsequently, the PCR test revealed the parasite was P. malariae and not P. vivax. Only 13 cases of Plasmodium malariae malaria have been reported in Japan during the past 10 years. Blood-stage schizonticides such as mefloquine is not active against the liver stage. Therefore, the use of these drugs for prophylaxis will not be effective for prevention of malaria if its liver stage is longer than the duration of effective chemoprophylaxis. Although the incubation period of P. malariae is typically 13 to 28 days, it occasionally lasts for months or even years. Careful attention should be given to the possibility that P. malariae occasionally has a long incubation period even in the absence of the hypnozoite stage.
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PMID:[Plasmodium malariae malaria with more than a 4-month incubation period: difficult to distinguish from a relapse of Plasmodium vivax malaria]. 2398 95

Japan boasts the second-largest pharmaceutical industry in the world. With its rich background in medical research, the country has turned its attention to diseases of the developing world with this year's launch of the Global Health Innovative Technology (GHIT) Fund--a new public-private partnership between five Japanese pharmaceutical companies, two government ministries and the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. In November, the Tokyo-based fund announced its first round of awards totaling $5.7 million. The six grants will go to partnerships aimed at developing new drugs and vaccines to fight malaria, tuberculosis and Chagas disease, a neglected disease endemic to Latin America. Leading the new $120 million, five-year initiative is BT Slingsby, a US-born scholar of the Japanese healthcare industry who most recently served as director of global partner solutions at Eisai, a Tokyo-based drugmaker. On a recent trip to New York, Slingsby, who serves as GHIT's executive director and CEO, met with Cassandra Willyard to discuss the new fund and how Japan can help drive development of medicines and vaccines for diseases of the developing world.
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PMID:Straight talk with...BT Slingsby. Interviewed by Cassandra Willyard. 2430 42

Malaria is a common and potentially fatal cause of febrile illness in returned travellers. Endemic areas for different malaria parasites overlap, but mixed species infections are rare. An adolescent male returned from a trip to Ghana in late summer 2013. He subsequently presented with blood smears positive for two species of malaria parasite, Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium ovale, on two isolated hospital visits within a six-week period. The epidemiology of mixed infections, likely pathophysiology of his presentation, and the implications for malaria testing and treatment in returned travellers are discussed.
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PMID:Mixed-species Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium ovale malaria in a paediatric returned traveller. 2459 88

Travelers with pre-existing medical disease are at risk of exacerbation of their underlying disease during their journey but are also more susceptible to various infectious agents, which consequences could be much more severe than in healthy subjects. Prevention and education are primordial in order to optimize the trip. Each new prescription should be checked for potential drug/drug interactions. Malaria chemoprophylaxis should be considered if applicable, as well as mechanical protection against insect-bites. Vaccinations should be recommended after weighting risks and benefits, keeping in mind that live-attenuated vaccines are not recommended in case of cellular immune suppression. Prevention of travel- related diarrhea by general hygiene measures is of particular interest in this population. Thereafter, we are discussing specific preventive measure according to different medical conditions.
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PMID:[Travelers with underlying medical conditions]. 2605 2

Recommendations for malaria prevention for travelers planning a trip in medium to low risk countries differ between countries, despite the fact that people are exposed to the same risk in the travelled country. Decision aids have been developed and tested in a population of travelers planning a trip in such countries n order to present travelers the various prevention options and involve them in the decision. The use of the decision aid showed that he majority of people choose not to take chemoprophylaxis and that they could motivate their choice with valid reasons. The development of decision aids based on recognized quality criteria is foreseen; these will allow to improving the relevance of the recommendations and enable travelers to choose a prevention option that will be the closest to their values and preferences while following to the principles of medical ethics.
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PMID:[Risk communication in travel medicine]. 2610 63

Malaria may lead to spontaneous splenic rupture as a rare but potentially lethal complication. Most frequently, this has been reported in patients infected with Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax, while other parasitic agents are less likely to be the cause.We report a 29-year-old British Caucasian, who after returning from a business trip in Democratic Republic Congo was diagnosed with tertian malaria caused by Plasmodium ovale.During his in-patient stay, the patient suffered a splenic rupture requiring immediate surgical intervention and splenectomy. Following this surgical intervention, there was an uneventful recovery, and the patient was discharged in a good general condition.
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PMID:Case report: spontaneous rupture of spleen in patient with Plasmodium ovale malaria. 2654 32


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