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Query: UMLS:C0024530 (malaria)
 44,886 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The results of medical examinations carried out on 212 missionary personnel from one missionary society returning on leave to the UK are presented. The great majority of missionaries worked in developing countries. They served in 27 countries altogether and for a total of 488 person years. The commonest illnesses reported overseas were malaria (87.3 per 1000 person years at risk), diarrhoea (63.5), anxiety (63.5), depression (41.0) and giardiasis (38.9). More illnesses were reported from West Africa (698 per 1000 person years at risk) than from any other region. Ten people (4.7%) were repatriated for health reasons and 10 relatives also returned as a consequence. Sixty per cent of those returning did so because of psychiatric illness. The highest rates of immunization achieved were for yellow fever (100% of those travelling to affected countries), tetanus (93%), polio (85%), typhoid (71%) and tuberculosis (53%). The results of urinalysis (100% of adults), full blood counts (78% of adults) and stool tests (74% of all people) are reported. The study shows that the history and psychiatric examination are an important part of the medical examination of people returning from overseas. Physical examination and urinalysis did not contribute much information, although the full blood count and absolute eosinophil count were useful tests.
Br J Gen Pract 1991 Apr
PMID:A survey of the health of British missionaries. 185 37

In spite of Vietnam's 40-year history of war, infant mortality rate of 50-60/1000 live births in urban areas, life expectancy of 55 years for women and 61 years for men, growth rate of 21.5/1000 population and population totaling 61-66 million in 1986, the health status of the Vietnamese, is better than the mean for all African countries and no worse than developing countries with a GNP per head greater than Vietnam's US 210. The incidence of infectious disease remains high for both adults and children, with malaria leading for adults and diarrheal disease for children as well as malnutrition due to dietary insufficiency. Air pollution, poor sanitation, and chemical pollution of water supplies pose a serious threat to health in Saigon, as do dioxin-related diseases in the surrounding countryside. A decentralized government hospital service with health centers in all communities provides 1 doctor for every 18,000 population. This system is criticized for lack of attention to socioeconomic conditions or diet. The health care strategy developed in 1986 targets the following goals for 1990: adequate nutrition, drinking water, essential drugs, and sanitation as well as more extensive immunization, family planning services, and home treatment of illness. Along with the 3000 community health centers, community health workers provide basic treatment and health education from their homes. Although the health system is paternalistic, vital provisions of salts and sugars for combating diarrhea, and A and D supplements and food are given to the poor. Dr. Duong Quynh Hoa's pediatric research institute, children's hospital, and new medical school are principally concerned with the development of socioeconomic conditions where the doctor is only 1 among many collaborating to improve the quality of life. One pediatric center project, for example, has been successful in promoting the active participation of people in an environmental hygiene program, a clean drinking water program, immunization efforts, and a diarrhea control program funded through UNICEF, WHO, and French and British charities. Investment is being sought from developed countries for economic development and food aid.
Br J Gen Pract 1990 Aug
PMID:Establishment of primary health care in Vietnam. 212 Nov 82

Two cases of vivax malaria which presented atypically as abdominal pain are described. They highlight the need to consider malaria in the differential diagnosis of any acute febrile illness in a patient returning from an endemic malarial area.
J R Coll Gen Pract 1989 Jun
PMID:Indigestion or infection? Unusual presentations of malaria in general practice. 255 21

General practitioners are in a key position to provide advice to those travelling to malaria endemic areas. A study of at-risk travellers revealed that 54% visited their general practitioner before their intended trip overseas and of these 79% were given advice about antimalarial precautions. Of those advised 98% carried antimalarial tablets with them on their trip but only 46% had any knowledge of other methods of personal protection against malaria. Fewer non-white than white British residents received information from their general practitioners.It is suggested that general practitioners should be better informed about current malaria transmission and currently recommended chemoprophylactic drugs and dosages. It is also suggested that the major public health priority should be to stimulate a greater involvement of non-health service agencies in order to make the public aware of the risk of malaria and seek medical advice before travel.
J R Coll Gen Pract 1987 Feb
PMID:Imported malaria in the UK: advice given by general practitioners to British residents travelling to malaria endemic areas. 366 36

1. Atremisinin (qinghaosu) is a sesquiterpene endoperoxide derived from a plant which was used in Chinese herbal medicine for thousands of years. 2. Artemisinin and its derivatives have potent antimalarial activity, and are now being used clinically in much of the world. 3. The artemisinin derivatives have an unusual mode of action involving the iron-catalyzed generation of a carbon-centered free radical followed by the alkylation of malaria-specific proteins.
Gen Pharmacol 1996 Jun
PMID:The mode of action of the antimalarial artemisinin and its derivatives. 885 88

1. The immunosuppressive drug cyclosporin A, and some of its nonimmunosuppressive derivatives, are potent inhibitors of a range of parasites of humans. 2. Cyclosporin A and the structurally unrelated immunosuppressant FK506 are known to act on T-lymphocytes as complexes with their binding proteins, cyclophilins and FKBPs, respectively. 3. Cyclophilins and FKBPs have been structurally identified in a number of parasites and, in some instances, are believed to play roles in the antiparasitic actions of these drugs. 4. Nonimmunosuppressive cyclosporins and FK506 derivatives may have clinical potential in certain parasitic diseases, especially malaria and schistosomiasis, and identification of the targets of these drugs in parasites may lead to development of novel chemotherapeutic agents.
Gen Pharmacol 1996 Sep
PMID:The antiparasite effects of cyclosporin A: possible drug targets and clinical applications. 890 76

Every day there are 10,000 scientific articles published. Since the Consultation-Liaison ("C-L") psychiatrist may be asked to consult on a patient with any medical illness, e.g., severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), malaria, cancer, stroke, amytrophic, lateral sclerosis, and a patient who may be on any medical drug, methods need to be developed to review the recent literature and have an awareness of key and essential current findings. At the same time, teachers need to develop a current listing of seminal papers for trainees and practitioners of this newest cross-over subspecialty of psychiatry-now called Psychosomatic Medicine. Experts selected because of their writings and acknowledged contributions to a specific clinical area or problem hope examined thousands of citations to choose those articles, chapters, books, or letters that they regard as most important to Psychosomatic Medicine. In addition, psychiatric specialists in six countries have provided their national Psychosomatic Medicine (Consultation-Liaison) lists as examples of what they regard as the most important teaching materials journals: Australia, Brazil, Greece, Mexico, Portugal, and Taiwan. It is our belief that a cogent, international, systematic review will provide the greatest success in creating a "regionally appropriate" teaching and consultation literature database with world-wide applicability. We review our current progress on this literature database and software, the technical system and data organization involved, the approach used to populate the literature system, and ongoing development plans to bring this system to the physician via mobile technologies.
Gen Hosp Psychiatry
PMID:Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry Literature Database (2003 update). Part I: Consultation - Liaison Literature Database: 2003 update and national lists. 1547 44

Infection of human erythrocytes with the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum induces new permeability pathways (NPPs) in the host cell membrane. Isotopic flux measurements demonstrated that the NPP are permeable to a wide variety of molecules, thus allowing uptake of nutrients and release of waste products. Recent patch-clamp recordings demonstrated the infection-induced up-regulation of an inwardly and an outwardly rectifying Cl(-) conductance. The present experiments have been performed to explore the sensitivity to cell volume and the organic osmolyte permeability of the two conductances. It is shown that the outward rectifier has a high relative lactate permeability (P(lactate)/P(Cl) = 0.4). Sucrose inhibited the outward-rectifier and abolished the infection-induced hemolysis in isosmotic sorbitol solution but had no or little effect on the inward-rectifier. Furosemide and NPPB blocked the outward-rectifying lactate current and the sorbitol hemolysis with IC(50)s in the range of 0.1 and 1 microM, respectively. In contrast, the IC(50)s of NPPB and furosemide for the inward-rectifying current were >10 microM. Osmotic cell-shrinkage inhibited the inwardly but not the outwardly rectifying conductance. In conclusion, the parasite-induced outwardly-rectifying anion conductance allows permeation of lactate and neutral carbohydrates, whereas the inward rectifier seems largely impermeable to organic solutes. All together, these data should help to resolve ongoing controversy regarding the number of unique channels that exist in P. falciparum-infected erythrocytes.
J Gen Physiol 2004 Apr
PMID:Organic osmolyte permeabilities of the malaria-induced anion conductances in human erythrocytes. 1505 7

Adenoviral vectors based on adenovirus type 35 (rAd35) have the advantage of low natural vector immunity and induce strong, insert-specific T- and B-cell responses, making them prime-candidate vaccine carriers. However, severe vector-genome instability of E1-deleted rAd35 vectors was observed, hampering universal use. The instability of E1-deleted rAd35 vector proved to be caused by low pIX expression induced by removal of the pIX promoter, which was located in the E1B region of B-group viruses. Reinsertion of a minimal pIX promoter resulted in stable vectors able to harbour large DNA inserts (> 5 kb). In addition, it is shown that replacement of the E4-Orf6 region of Ad35 by the E4-Orf6 region of Ad5 resulted in successful propagation of an E1-deleted rAd35 vector on existing E1-complementing cell lines, such as PER.C6 cells. The ability to produce these carriers on PER.C6 contributes significantly to the scale of manufacturing of rAd35-based vaccines. Next, a stable rAd35 vaccine was generated carrying Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigens Ag85A, Ag85B and TB10.4. The antigens were fused directly, resulting in expression of a single polyprotein. This vaccine induced dose-dependent CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell responses against multiple antigens in mice. It is concluded that the described improvements to the rAd35 vector contribute significantly to the further development of rAd35 carriers for mass-vaccination programmes for diseases such as tuberculosis, AIDS and malaria.
J Gen Virol 2006 Aug
PMID:Novel replication-incompetent adenoviral B-group vectors: high vector stability and yield in PER.C6 cells. 1684 8

Replication-incompetent adenovirus type 35 (rAd35) represents a potent vaccine carrier that elicits strong, antigen-specific T- and B-cell responses in diverse preclinical models. Moreover, Ad35 is rare in human populations, resulting in the absence of neutralizing antibodies against this carrier, in contrast to the commonly used rAd5. Therefore, rAd35 is being investigated as a vaccine carrier for a number of diseases for which an effective vaccine is needed, including malaria, AIDS and tuberculosis. However, it can be perceived that effective immunization will require insertion of multiple antigens into adenoviral vectors. We therefore wanted to create rAd35 vectors carrying double expression cassettes, to expand within one vector the number of insertion sites for foreign DNA encoding antigenic proteins. We show that it is possible to generate rAd35 vectors carrying two cytomegalovirus promoter-driven expression cassettes, provided that the polyadenylation signals in each expression cassette are not identical. We demonstrate excellent rAd35 vector stability and show that expression of a transgene is not influenced by the presence of a second expression cassette. Moreover, by using two model vaccine antigens, i.e. the human immunodeficiency virus-derived Env-gp120 protein and the Plasmodium falciparum-derived circumsporozoite protein, we demonstrate that potent T- and B-cell responses are induced to both antigens expressed from a single vector. Such rAd35 vectors thus expand the utility of rAd35 vaccine carriers for the development of vaccines against, for example, malaria, AIDS and tuberculosis.
J Gen Virol 2007 Nov
PMID:High-level expression from two independent expression cassettes in replication-incompetent adenovirus type 35 vector. 1794 12


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