Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0024530 (malaria)
 44,886 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Four of 30 patients with Plasmodium falciparum infection in Bangkok, Thailand, were positive for anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies by indirect immunofluorescence 1 month after antimalarial therapy. No myeloperoxidase, proteinase 3, lactoferrin, or elastase reactivity was found. Since no evidence of vasculitis was seen in these patients, anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody production in malaria-infected susceptible patients probably represents a secondary response, indicating neutrophil activation.
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PMID:Detection of anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies after acute Plasmodium falciparum malaria. 877 May 17

Autoantibodies of diverse specificities are detected in sera of patients with acute malaria. The clinical relevance of these autoantibodies is not clear, though there are reports associating some autoantibodies with specific disease manifestations. We have investigated the occurrence of ANCA in the sera of 93 patients during episodes of acute malaria. Sera were tested by indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) and by ELISA for antibodies to neutrophil cytoplasmic components proteinase 3 (PR3), myeloperoxidase (MPO), cathepsin G (CG), human leucocyte elastase (HLE), and lactoferrin (LF). Forty-seven sera samples (50.5%) were positive by IIF, all except one with the atypical ANCA pattern (a-ANCA). When screened by ELISA, anti-CG antibodies were detected in 52 samples (56%), while anti-PR3 and anti-MPO antibodies were detected in three and one samples, respectively. Antibody binding to HLE and LF was not significant. Anti-CG antibodies were detected in 93% of the IIF-positive sera. A combination of anti-CG and anti-PR3 antibodies was noted in three samples. Our study demonstrates the presence of ANCA in sera from patients with acute malaria, almost all with the a-ANCA pattern on IIF. The antibody specificity, noted for the first time in our study, appears to be predominantly directed against CG. The significance of CG and CG-ANCA in the pathogenesis and clinical manifestations of malaria has yet to be elucidated.
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PMID:Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA) in malaria is directed against cathepsin G. 935 47

Various autoantibodies like anti-nuclear antibodies (ANA), anti-double stranded DNA (anti-dsDNA), anti-histone antibodies (AHA), anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA), anti-myeloperoxidase (anti-MPO), anti-proteinase3 (anti-PR3) and anti-lactoferrin (anti-LF) antibodies were studied in 173 acute hospitalised patients suffering from malaria of which 160 patients had P. falciparum and remaining 13 had P. vivax infection. Standard methods like indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) microscopy along with Confocal microscopy and ELISA were used for identifying and quantifying the autoantibodies and IIF patterns on PMN and HL-60 cells were studied for ANCA classification. Also HEp-2 cells were used for ANA detection, while estimation of anti-dsDNA, AHA, anti-MPO, anti-PR3 and anti-LF were tested using ELISA. Sera from malaria patients showed prominent immunofluorescence staining patterns where 23.8% cases had ANA in P. falciparum group as compared to 15.4% in P. vivax group and ANCA was found to be present in 20% in P. falciparum and 15.4% in P. vivax group. An interesting observation was that, of the total ANCA positives, 59% had p-ANCA, 5.9% had c-ANCA and 44.1% of the cases showed the 'atypical' or X-ANCA pattern. When p-ANCA positivity was compared with c-ANCA positivity among these patients, a good statistical correlation was noted with OR = 16, chi 2 = 16.43, EF = 0.46 and p-value = 5.037E 0.5. ELISA showed 31.2% anti-MPO and 6.2% anti-PR3 in P. falciparum cases while the two ANCA positive cases in P. vivax had anti-MPO. Anti-LF was found to be present in 40.6% cases. Neither the P. falciparum nor P. vivax contained autoantibodies with specificities similar to the characteristic lupus autoantibodies such as double stranded DNA (dsDNA). ANCA positivity develops in some types of malarial infection also with the presence of various autoantibodies which is important from a clinical point of view and should be carefully evaluated in those geographic areas where malaria is endemic. It also alerts us to the fact, whether in cases of repeated malarial infections in susceptible individuals, vasculitic disorders, which through ANCA pathways develop, could lead to renal and other complications.
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PMID:Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) in malaria. 1468 12

Zoophilic members of the Anopheles gambiae complex are often associated with cattle. As such, it is likely that the immature aquatic stages will be exposed to cattle faeces as a pollutant. This study aimed to examine the effect of cattle manure on members of the An. gambiae complex found in South Africa. In this study, a commercial organic fertiliser originating from cattle manure was used as a proxy for cattle faeces. Laboratory strains of An. merus, An. quadriannulatus as well as four An. arabiensis strains (SENN and MBN: insecticide susceptible, MBN-DDT: insecticide resistant, unselected, SENN-DDT: insecticide resistant: selected for resistance) were used in this study. The effect of larval fertiliser exposure on larval development rate and adult longevity was assessed in all three species. The effect of larval fertiliser exposure on subsequent adult size, insecticide tolerance and detoxification enzyme activity of the four strains of the malaria vector An. arabiensis was also assessed. Following fertiliser treatment, all strains and species showed a significantly increased rate of larval development, with insecticide susceptible strains gaining the greatest advantage. The adult longevities of An. merus, An. quadriannulatus, insecticide susceptible and resistant An. arabiensis were significantly increased following fertiliser treatment. Insecticide susceptible and resistant An. arabiensis adults were significantly larger after larval organic fertiliser exposure. Larval fertiliser exposure also increased insecticide tolerance in adult An. arabiensis, particularly in the insecticide resistant, selected strain. This 4.7 fold increase in deltamethrin tolerance translated to an increase in pyrethroid resistance intensity, which could exert operational effects. In general, larval exposure to cattle faeces significantly affects the life histories of members of the An. gambiae complex.
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PMID:The effects of larval organic fertiliser exposure on the larval development, adult longevity and insecticide tolerance of zoophilic members of the Anopheles gambiae complex (Diptera: Culicidae). 3099 32