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Query: UMLS:C0024530 (malaria)
 44,886 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Malarial antibody estimation was done in patients with malaria (50), and fever (malaria negative, 50) and in 50 healthy controls who gave no history of malaria for the last one year, using the indirect haemagglutination test (IHA). Seropositivity was 78, 32 and 4 per cent respectively. Levels of IgG and IgM were found to be significantly higher in patients as compared to controls and a significant fall was observed in IgA levels in patients of malaria. Although the malarial antibody titre showed good correlation with IgG (P less than 0.01) and IgM (P less than 0.05) not all patients with a negative haemagglutination antibody titre had normal immunoglobulin levels.
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PMID:Haemagglutination antibody titres & immunoglobulin levels in cases of Plasmodium infection. 262 95

The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), a B lymphotropic virus, is involved in a growing number of immunopathological disorders benign or malignant. The X-linked lymphoproliferative syndrome and its multifaceted clinical expression in a unique situation described in this issue by Purtilo. Among recent findings, the association between EBV and idiopathic interstitial pneumopathy (also named cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis), is to be noted (6). From a molecular biology view-point, in vitro immortalization of B lymphocytes by EBV is under a pluri-genic (EBNA 2, EBNA 1, LYDMA) control. The role of EBV in oncogenesis appears different in Burkitt's Lymphoma (BL) and in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). In development of African BL, EBV appears to initiate the multistage carcinogenic event, through an early and massive infection. Other events include specific depression of T-cell immunity by hyperendemic malaria and c-myc onc-gene activation through chromosome translocation. In the genesis of NPC, the role of EBV still remain to be clarified although the strong and consistent association between EBV and the undifferentiated carcinoma of the nasopharyngeal (NPC) around the world favours an etiological relationship. The simple detection of IgA antibodies to VCA and EA allows early detection of the NPC, thus permitting a 95% cure rate at 5 years post-radiotherapy. Such an early diagnostic is of paramount public health importance. Furthermore, IgA/VCA and IgA/EA antibodies characterize precancerous conditions, giving the theoretical possibility of preventive interventions.
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PMID:The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV): a Rosetta Stone for understanding the role of viruses in immunopathological disorders and in human carcinogenesis. 299 May 89

Immunoglobulins IgG, IgM, IgA were estimated on 3 occasions in 59 male volunteers who were taking dapsone-pyrimethamine once weekly (dapsone: 100 mg + pyrimethamine: 12.5 mg) for malaria chemoprophylaxis. Immunoglobulins IgG and IgM measured at the 7th week of chemoprophylaxis were significantly lower than baseline values (using Students' t-test for paired data), but none of the values were below 700 mg% for IgG or 30 mg% for IgM. Immunoglobulin concentrations estimated in 45 of the 59 men 6 weeks after discontinuation of chemoprophylaxis showed a return to baseline for IgM but not IgG, which remained low. On all 3 occasions there was no significant change in the IgA concentrations. The clinical implication of these findings is not known. Further studies are required to define the effects of antimalarial drugs on the antibody response to infection and immunization.
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PMID:The effect of dapsone-pyrimethamine on immunoglobulin concentrations in malaria chemoprophylaxis. 330 81

Antibodies are known to be important in mediating malarial immunity, but the influence of the various immunoglobulin isotypes on parasite elimination is unclear. The purpose of this study was to provide basic information on the induction of isotype expression in genetically different mice during primary malaria. Parasitaemias and the serum antimalarial IgM, IgG1, IgG2, IgG3 and IgA antibody titres measured in a radioimmunoassay were followed in outbred and 11 inbred strains of mice infected with 17XNL Plasmodium yoelii. Severity of infection, as judged by length of infection, peak parasitaemias and death, was found to differ between the strains. All strains developed rapid IgM responses, but only 3/11 inbred strains produced significant antimalarial IgG1 levels during primary infection. All strains produced an IgG2 response, which developed slightly more quickly in strains with the least severe courses of malaria. A large variation in the IgG3 response was noted between strains. In general, IgG3 antibodies were the first IgG-isotype to appear in serum. They were detected as early as day 8 in strains that developed mild infections but were not present until around day 20 in strains with the most severe cases of malaria. Only one strain produced detectable antimalarial IgA antibodies. These results show that different patterns of isotype expression are induced in inbred strains of mice during primary P. yoelii infection.
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PMID:Inbred mice infected with Plasmodium yoelii differ in their antimalarial immunoglobulin isotype response. 335 28

The pathological changes associated with malarial infection in pregnancy were studied in rats and mice infected with Plasmodium berghei at different stages of gestation. Histopathological and ultrastructural studies of infected placentae near term in both species revealed disruption of architecture with gross thickening and necrosis of cells in the labyrinthine zone and fibrosis of the trilaminar trophoblast separating the maternal and fetal circulations. In the mouse, the extent of histopathological alterations in infected placentae ranged from the presence of immature erythrocytes in the fetal circulation in low grade maternal infection, to the marked deposition of fibrinoid material on the trilaminar trophoblast and inflammatory masses in severely infected placentae. In the rat, histopathological aberrations in the placentae were marked by placental stroma edema, fibrosis, and cellular infiltration. Immunohistological studies of cryostat sections of placentae from infected animals showed more parasites and pigment in infected mouse placentae than in the corresponding rat organ, but in both species parasites and pigment were largely confined to the maternal blood spaces and were only occasionally found in necrotic areas of trophoblast. No clear differences were observed between infected and control placentae in terms of the amount of IgG, IgM, or IgA which were each present in various amounts. These observations and the rarity of congenital malaria in the animals indicate that the placenta constitutes a major barrier to infection of the fetus. However, the pathological aberrations in the infected placentae may impose a biochemical stress upon the fetus which may account for the low birthweight, the increased frequency of abortion, and the greatly increased maternal and fetal death rates observed in malaria.
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PMID:Plasmodium berghei: histology, immunocytochemistry, and ultrastructure of the placenta in rodent malaria. 352 38

In Thai patients with Plasmodium falciparum malaria, IgG and IgM values were elevated, whereas IgA levels were within normal ranges. No association of Ig values with parasitaemia was noted. IFA-IgM antibody levels were lower in cerebral malaria (CM) than in the non cerebral malaria (NCM) group. IFA-IgG antibodies were present in all patients. The mean C3 and C4 values were similar among patients from the CM and NCM groups. Interferon like activity was detected in all CM and NCM patients, and no correlation was found with either antimalarial antibodies, complement or parasitaemia.
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PMID:Immunological evaluation of cell-mediated and humoral immunity in Thai patients with cerebral and non cerebral Plasmodium falciparum malaria: II. Evolution of serum levels of immunoglobulins, antimalarial antibodies, complement fractions and alpha interferon. 390 23

Serum IgG concentration was lower in Jamaicans than in Nigerians. The maternalfoetal IgG ratio was also lower in Jamaican sera than in Nigerian sera. It is suggested that endemic malaria in Nigeria may be responsible for these differences. The higher IgM concentration in the Nigerian cord sera may be further evidence of this. Eighteen new cases of myeloma were detected in Jamaicans between August 1966 and May 1967. Based on Gm typing, only two of these showed evidence of mixed white ancestry. All the others had the typical Gm groups of Negroes. Similarly, only two patients out of a total of 17 with malignant lymphoma showed evidence of mixed white ancestry. Twelve of the patients with myeloma showed serum proteins of the IgG type, five were IgA, and one had only light chains in the serum. The majority of the patients had myeloma protein of the kappa type. The Gm typing suggested that six patients had myeloma protein of the gamma1 heavy chain subclass, and one patient had a gamma3 subclass heavy chain, the remainder belonging most likely to the gamma2 heavy chain subclass since gamma2 occurs about four times as frequently as gamma4.
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PMID:Immunoglobulins in Jamaicans and Nigerians with immunogenetic typing of myeloma and lymphoma in Jamaicans. 419 93

An investigation of malariometric indices in relation to immunoglobulin levels, rheumatoid factors, and antithyroglobulins was carried out on 78 members of the Arfak tribe near Manokwari in Western New Guinea, in the course of a WHO assessment of malaria control activities in that region. The population investigated had been exposed to a period of epidemic malaria, as indicated by the small differences in malariometric indices between consecutive age groups. Typically high spleen sizes were recorded, as found generally among Papuans in similar situations. Falciparum malaria was most prevalent, almost equal to cases of vivax and malariae malaria together. IgM levels were very high, while those of IgG, IgA and IgD were not elevated. Total serum protein was rather low. No correlation between malariometric indices, autoantibodies, and immunoglobulin levels could be found. In particular there was no correlation between IgM levels and spleen indices, such as has been found in many other surveys. It is suggested that splenomegaly may show no correlation with the IgM level in Papuan populations without previous selection.
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PMID:Immuno-epidemiology of malaria: a study in a tribal area of West Irian. 421 Oct 55

The main purpose of this paper is to evaluate, in a critical manner, various serological tests with general emphasis on their value in the epidemiological assessment of malaria. Several tests have been employed in the past. However, the present memorandum will deal only with the methods that have been widely used recently-i.e., indirect immunofluorescence (IFA), passive haemagglutination (IHA), and gel-diffusion. The three immunoglobulins most commonly involved in these tests are IgG, IgM, and-to a lesser extent-IgA.
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PMID:Serological testing in malaria. 421 6

The immunoglobulin levels in sera from mothers and newborn infants were studied in Gambian, Nigerian, and Swiss populations. The maternal levels of IgG and IgM, but not IgA, varied with locality. As they were highest in Gambian and lowest in Swiss women, they may have reflected differences in the endemicity of infectious diseases in the different environments. The neonatal Ig levels showed less variation than the maternal. Neither maternal nor neonatal levels of IgG showed any consistent relationship with birthweight; however, when maternal IgG levels were low the neonatal levels tended to exceed them. The mean IgG and IgM levels were higher in Gambian than in Nigerian or Swiss infants; the higher IgM values may have been due to more frequent antigenic stimulation in utero in the Gambian group. Evidence of placental malaria, mainly falciparum, was found in 76 of 234 Gambian women. No parasites were found in the blood from any neonate. The maternal levels of IgG, but not of IgM or IgA, were significantly elevated in association with placental malaria. The neonatal immunoglobulin levels were not influenced by placental malaria and no evidence was found to indicate that malaria infection of the placenta induced an immune response in the fetus.
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PMID:Plasma immunoglobulin concentrations in mothers and newborn children with special reference to placental malaria: Studies in the Gambia, Nigeria, and Switzerland. 454 82


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