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Query: UMLS:C0024530 (malaria)
 44,886 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Four cases of malaria are described. Five to nine days elapsed between the onset of clinical symptoms and the beginning of the anti-malaria chemotherapy. One of the patients died under signs of massive and nearly synchronous hemolysis during the last two hours of treatment. The Malaria tropica disease of the first and the second patient were first diagnosed as common cold with enteritic symptoms; the third patient showed signs of abdominal thyphoid fever and developed symptoms of intravascular coagulation. With the fourth case-Malaria tertiana-it shall be remembered that, if chemoprophylaxis starts too late, the disease is not suppressed but can be delayed: incubation period lasted ten weeks. The diagnostic procedure for the clinician and the pathogenetic mechanism are discussed: massive hemolysis and the possible influence of the chloroquine therapy, the intravascular coagulation and the elevation of the IgE level.
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PMID:[Malaria: 4 case reports with "atypical" symptoms (author's transl)]. 64 83

In a study of malaria and pregnancy in East Sepik Province of Papua New Guinea 45 maternal and cord serum pairs were tested for Plasmodium falciparum-specific IgE antibody. There were 17 positive sera: 6 cases of maternal serum alone, 5 cases of cord serum alone and 3 pairs of maternal and cord sera. IgE antibody positivity rates in the mothers increased with parity, whereas placental parasitaemia rates decreased. Cord serum positivity was not affected by parity. Immunoblots of the sera revealed a diversity of IgE antibodies to specific antigens of the P. falciparum lysate, but an IgE antibody to a 48kd antigen was present in all positive maternal and cord sera.
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PMID:Prenatal immune hypersensitization to malaria: Plasmodium falciparum-specific IgE antibody in paired maternal and cord sera from Papua New Guinea. 134 Oct 92

Schistosomiasis, the second major parasitic disease in the world after malaria affects at least 200 million people, 500 million being exposed to the risk of infection. It is widely agreed that a vaccine strategy which could lead to the induction of effector mechanisms reducing the level of reinfection and ideally parasite fecundity would deeply affect the incidence of pathological manifestations as well as the parasite transmission potentialities. Extensive studies performed in the rat model have allowed the identification of novel effector mechanisms involving IgE antibodies and various inflammatory cell populations (eosinophils, macrophages and platelets) whereas regulation of immune response by blocking antibodies has been evidenced. Recent epidemiological studies have now entirely confirmed in human populations the role of IgE antibodies in the acquisition of resistance and the association of IgG4 blocking antibodies with increased susceptibility. On the basis of these concepts, several schistosome target proteins have been identified and their encoding genes cloned. One of them, a schistosome glutathione S-transferase (Sm 28 GST) appears as a promising vaccine candidate. Immunization experiments have shown that two complementary goals can be achieved: (a) a partial but significant reduction of the worm population (up to 60% in rats); (b) a significant reduction of parasite fecundity (up to 70% in mice and 85% in cattle) and egg viability (up to 80%). At least two distinct immunological mechanisms account for these two effects. IgE antibodies appear as a major humoral component of acquired resistance whereas IgA antibodies appear as a major humoral factor affecting parasite fecundity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Vaccine strategies against schistosomiasis. 134 2

To assess immune responses to malaria-induced thrombocytopenia, an haematologic and immunologic study was performed on 25 patients with imported malaria upon admission and 8 days after treatment. Thrombocytopenia (150 x 10(9)/litre) was detected in 19 cases (P. falciparum: 11 cases, P. ovale: 6 cases, P. vivax: 2 cases). No laboratory evidence of disseminated intravascular coagulation impairment was found in any of the patients. Bone marrow examination performed in 9 cases showed no abnormality in the megakaryocyte series. Platelet count was independent of circulating parasite levels (r = 0.27) and inversely related to the number of antibody binding sites (ABS) on platelets (r = -0.6, p. less than 0.01). The indirect Coombs test (r = -0.54; p less than 0.01) and IgG and IgE levels (p less than 0.02) gave similar findings. A statistical correlation was observed between the level of circulating immune complex and the number of ABS (r = 0.525, p less than 0.01). Thus malaria-induced thrombocytopenia seems to mainly involve IgG type antiplatelet antibody activity. Although they may be implicated in the binding of antibodies to platelets, circulating immune complexes do not appear to mediate thrombocytopenia.
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PMID:[Platelet antibody activity in malaria thrombocytopenia]. 223 82

Serum samples obtained from adults living in an area of holoendemic malaria in Papua New Guinea and from control residents of Hawaii were tested for Plasmodium-specific immunoglobulin (Ig) E antibody by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Fifteen (33.3%) of the New Guinea sera had absorbance values indicative of seropositivity. Only half of the IgE-positive sera were concomitantly positive for antimalarial IgG antibody. All of the control sera were negative for antibody of both immunoglobulin classes.
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PMID:Plasmodium-specific immunoglobulin E in sera from an area of holoendemic malaria. 269 83

A serological survey of 250 outpatients in rural Zaire showed that the prevalence of antibody against HTLV-I, HTLV-II, and HTLV-III, as detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, correlated strongly with level of antibodies against Plasmodium falciparum. The age curve for the prevalence of antibody against these retroviruses and high titres of antibodies against P falciparum were similar. Tests with control sera obtained from HTLV-III seropositive homosexual men and American subjects repeatedly infected with malaria who had high antibody titres against P falciparum indicated that there was no cross-reactivity between P falciparum and these retroviruses. Immune-complex levels, but not IgG, IgM, or IgE levels, also correlated strongly with seropositivity in the ELISA HTLV-I and HTLV-III assay, although immune-complex-positive control samples were negative. Possible explanations include coincidental distribution paralleling malaria; similar mode of transmission; virus activation and/or enhanced antibody production due to the effect of malaria on the immune system; and false-positive reactivity in the ELISA assay due to cross-reactive antibodies or other unknown factors.
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PMID:ELISA HTLV retrovirus antibody reactivity associated with malaria and immune complexes in healthy Africans. 286 43

The development of parasite immunology during the last decade has been highly beneficial to our understanding of immune processes against parasites, and recent research has been devoted to the target antigens of effector mechanisms, especially those localized on the surfaces of the pathogens. In this context, define antigenic structures have been identified, which induced significant degree of protection. In malaria, circumsporozoite and merozoite proteins, with large repetitive sequences, have been isolated from various species of Plasmodium and cloned. Monoclonal antibodies produced against these antigens inhibited the invasion of host cells by living parasites. Some results have also been obtained in protective immunity against Leishmania and Toxoplasma. In schistosomiasis, the main characteristic of defence processes is the narrow association between cellular and humoral immunity in antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxic mechanisms. Eosinophils, macrophages, and platelets efficiently killed schistosome larvae when activated by specific antibody of anaphylactic classes, especially IgE. Some of the target antigens have been characterized and cloned. The transfer to normal animals of monoclonal antibodies, and, in one case, of an anti-idiotype antibody, has induced a significant protection against challenge infestations. Optimistic perspectives can therefore be opened concerning an efficacious immunoprophylaxis of an increasing number of parasitic diseases. An adequate conjunction between potentially protective antigens and selective immunomodulators and adjuvants should lead to vaccination. Such an aim nowadays appears as more than a hope.
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PMID:Protection tests against parasitic diseases. 353 95

The mean level of serum IgE in Nigerian blood donors is significantly higher than those in expatriates living in Nigeria and in Swiss blood donors. The examination of serum IgE levels (by the radioactive single radial diffusion technique) in Nigerian patients with different diseases, in asthmatic children with matched controls in Ghana, and in subjects from malarious and non-malarious areas of Tanzania indicates that high IgE levels in Africans may not be due to malaria, vesical schistosomiasis, or onchocerciasis infections. A marked difference, however, was found between African subjects with positive and negative findings of stool parasites; they had higher and lower mean levels of serum IgE, respectively. It seems that, in an African population where the serum IgE levels are raised for other reasons, a rise in IgE in association with allergic conditions such as asthma may not be apparent.
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PMID:A comparison of African and European serum levels of immunoglobulin E. 421 7

Two schools in rural Tanzania were surveyed regarding the pupils' nutrition (weight and height), serum immunoglobulins (IgA, IgG, IgM, and IgE), autoantibodies, malaria antibodies, hepatitis B antigenemia, and fecal and urinary parasites. The survey attempted to quantify the relative importance of undernutrition and parasitic infestation in determining the serological abnormalities found. Of all the children surveyed 69% were undernourished (less than 80% of expected weight for age); 63% had fecal parasites and 38% had urinary schistosomiasis. Serum IgG and IgM concentrations were raised and the serum IgE concentration was strikingly raised (mean 4990IU/ml). Elevated serum IgE was associated with ascariasis. Autoantibodies were common but no autoimmune disease was detected. Notably there was a 35% prevalence of reticulin antibody. This reticulin antibody positivity correlated with increased malaria antibody concentrations. Reduced malaria antibody concentration was significantly associated with hepatitis B antigenemia. The study illustrates that parasites, notably malaria, are important determinants of the serum antibodies of children in the tropics and suggests that mild undernutrition has little effect.
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PMID:Nutritional status, globulin titers, and parasitic infections of two populations of Tanzanian school children. 725 20

The both purposes of our investigation were to determine initially the level of total serum IgE in various parasitic infections and the variations of this level after the initiation of specific treatment. In the study, III sera from black race patients with a clinical and biological diagnosis of helmintic or protozoal infections and without allergic diseases were tested by the commercially available "Radioimmunosorbent test" (Pharmacia Laboratories). In helmintic infections: the IgE concentration was higher than normal level: --in 100% of patients infested with ankylostoma, trichocephalus (mean concentration m: 2,961 UI/ml) or schistosoma (m: 1,578 UI/ml); --in 70% of patients infested with ascaris (m: 1,110 UI/ml). In protozoal infections: the abnormal IGE level was found only in 44% and 14% of cases respectively of malaria (m = 704 UI/ml) and of leishmaniasis (441 UI/ml). The time course of total serum IgE determined after the treatment initiation showed that: a) in patients with intracellular helminthiasis and protozoal infections serum IgE concentrations were gradually increased in a statistically highly significant way; b) in cases with intestinal helminthiasis, high levels disappeared ane returned rapidly to normal values.
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PMID:[Radioimmunologic dosage of total IgE serum in various helminthiases and protozoan infections (author's transl)]. 734 31


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