Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0024530 (malaria)
 44,886 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Lipid peroxide, lipid hydroperoxide, reduced glutathione, oxidised glutathione, lipofuscin contents and the activity of the enzyme superoxide dismutase were assessed in P. berghei infected M. natalensis brain. The results showed significant increase in the levels of lipid peroxides, lipid hydroperoxides and lipofuscin in brain subcellular fractions of P. berghei infected M. natalensis. Furthermore, a depressed superoxide dismutase activity was observed along with regulation in glutathione content. An elevated level of lipid peroxidation products along with depressed activity of scavengers in brain during malaria highlights the role of free radicals in malarial pathology.
Indian J Exp Biol 1992 Dec
PMID:Role of free radicals in Plasmodium berghei infected Mastomys natalensis brain. 129 84

Malaria still remains a serious health problem in large areas of the world, and in this article, recent research progress mainly made by us toward malaria vaccine development has been reviewed. 1) Peptide vaccines (antigens) of immunodominant tetrapeptide repeats (NANP and NVDP) of the circumsporozoite surface protein of the malaria parasite, Plasmodium falciparum, were genetically produced in E. coli as a fusion protein with a part of human growth hormone, which has affected on the conformations and immunogenicities of the peptide vaccines. 2) Monoclonal antibodies against the peptide antigens were produced by fusion of mouse spleen cells with myeloma cells, and the F (ab's) obtained by partial digestion of the antibodies with papain were used for the measurement of the dissociation constants of the antigen-antibody complexes. The amino acid sequence of the Hv region in F(ab) domain was also deduced from its nucleotide sequence.
Yakugaku Zasshi 1992 Dec
PMID:[Structural studies of malaria vaccine]. 129 14

Chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum malaria is an emerging problem in the West African subregion. While chloroquine remains an effective antimalarial agent in some countries of West Africa, the susceptibility patterns of P falciparum strains need to be assessed periodically. This article reviews the literature on chloroquine-resistant P falciparum malaria.
J Natl Med Assoc 1992 Dec
PMID:Drug resistance in malaria: a review of the west African situation. 129 94

In spite of more than 30 years of control activities, malaria continues to be the most important parasitic infection in Malaysia, accounting for 39,189 confirmed cases in 1991, giving an annual parasite incidence rate of 2.2 per 1,000 population. Some factors contributing to the continued transmission of malaria are the development of drug resistant Plasmodium falciparum, changes in vector behavior, and ecological changes due to socio-economic reasons. Malaria parasite rates are higher among the Aborigines, land scheme settlers and those in intimate contact with the jungle, like loggers. There has been no substantial change in the proportion of the three common malaria species responsible for infections, P. falciparum, P. vivax, P. malariae and mixed infections accounting for about 70%, 28%, 1% and 1%, respectively of all infections. Drug resistant P. falciparum is unevenly distributed in Malaysia, but based on clinical experience and in vitro drug sensitivity studies, chloroquine resistance is frequently encountered. There has been clinical and laboratory evidence of resistance to sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine combination as well as quinine, but all these have so far been successfully treated with a combination of quinine and tetracycline. The eradication of the disease is impossible in the near future but there is confidence that with better surveillance techniques and the use of alternative control measures like permethrin impregnated bed-nets to complement existing ones, the target of bringing down the annual parasite incidence to 2 per 1,000 population during the Sixth Malaysian Plan period (1991-1995) can be achieved.
Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 1992 Dec
PMID:Epidemiology and control of malaria in Malaysia. 129 64

Drug resistance of malaria parasites is a major problem confronting efforts to treat and control malaria. Starting with chloroquine, the emergence of resistance to other drugs has led to multi-drug resistance patterns that pose increasing threats for the future. This report reviews work carried out over the past decades at the Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Bangkok, which monitors patients from many areas, including the Thai-Cambodian border, which harbors the world's most severe multi-drug resistant Plasmodium falciparum.
Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 1992 Dec
PMID:Drug resistant malaria, with special reference to Thailand. 129 68

On 26-27 October 1992 the World Health Organization convened a global Ministerial Conference on Malaria in Amsterdam to draw up a global strategy for renewed attack on malaria, in view of the deteriorating situation in the control of this disease in many parts of the world. This report summarizes the key points of the strategy and the Declaration emanating from this crucial assembly of nations, which it is hoped will lead to increased tangible support nationally, from international agencies and from bilateral agreements for greatly improved programs of malaria control.
Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 1992 Dec
PMID:Global malaria challenge: the Amsterdam summit. 129 69

This paper reviews the neurological complications of malaria. Cerebral malaria, the acute encephalopathy which complicates exclusively the infection by Plasmodium falciparum commonly affects children and adolescents in hyperendemic areas. Plugging of cerebral capillaries and venules by clumped, parasitized red blood cells causing blood sludging in the capillary circulation is one hypothesis to explain its pathogenesis. The other is a humoral hypothesis which proposes a nonspecific, immune-mediated, inflammatory response with release of vasoactive substances capable of producing endothelial damage and alterations of permeability. Cerebral malaria has a mortality rate up to 50%, and also a considerable longterm morbidity, particularly in children. Hypoglycemia, largely in patients treated with quinine, may complicate the cerebral symptomatology. Other central nervous manifestations of malaria include intracranial hemorrhage, cerebral arterial occlusion, and transient extrapyramidal and neuropsychiatric manifestations. A self-limiting, isolated cerebellar ataxia, presumably caused by immunological mechanisms, in patients recovering from falciparum malaria has been recognized in Sri Lanka. Malaria is a common cause of febrile seizures in the tropics, and it also contributes to the development of epilepsy in later life. Several reports of spinal cord and peripheral nerve involvement are also available. A transient muscle paralysis resembling periodic paralysis during febrile episodes of malaria has been described in some patients. The pathogenesis of these neurological manifestations in malaria remains unexplored, but offers excellent perspectives for research at clinical as well as experimental level.
Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 1992 Dec
PMID:Neurological complications of malaria. 129 73

A two-site pan-species monoclonal antibody sandwich ELISA (MAb-MAb ELISA) was developed to detect both Plasmodium vivax and P. falciparum antigens in whole blood impregnated on filter paper. In this assay, the plates were coated with pan-species MAb 3F9 and another pan-species MAb M26-32 conjugated with alkaline phosphatase was used for detection of bound antigen. The sensitivity of this assay was 5, 10 and 10 parasites per 10(6) erythrocytes for cultured P. falciparum, patient-derived P. vivax and P. falciparum, respectively. The coincidence rates for this assay were 93% (92/99) with healthy individuals and 93% (42/45) with microscopically confirmed vivax malaria cases. After two weeks treatment, 77.7% (14/18) of vivax malaria were still positive by this assay but with diminished level of reactivities [corrected].
Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 1992 Dec
PMID:Two-site pan-species monoclonal antibody ELISA for detection of blood stage malaria antigen. 129 83

Two systems of sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), a two-site monoclonal antibody sandwich ELISA MAb-MAb sandwich ELISA) and a two site polyclonal-monoclonal antibody sandwich ELISA (PAb-MAb sandwich ELISA) for the detection of Plasmodium vivax antigens were developed. The assays showed good correlation with the level of parasitemia when tested against serially diluted P. vivax parasites (r = 0.937, and 0.997 for MAb-MAb and PAb-MAb sandwich ELISA, respectively), with the ability to detect as few as 6.68 parasites/10(6) erythrocytes and 2.69 parasites/10(3) erythrocytes, respectively. The MAb-MAb sandwich ELISA was specific, since it was positive only with P. vivax-infected erythrocytes from vivax malaria patients and negative when erythrocytes from 34 healthy individuals and 30 falciparum malaria cases were tested. In contrast, cross-reaction was found in the PAb-MAb sandwich ELISA when the plates were coated with polyclonal IgG and tested against the serially diluted P. falciparum SO strain antigen prepared from in vitro cultures. Comparison between the two systems of two-site sandwich ELISA showed that the MAb-MAb sandwich ELISA was superior to the PAb-MAb sandwich ELISA: (1) it gave a higher sensitivity when tested with serially diluted P. vivax antigen preparations from vivax malaria patients; (2) it gave a higher specificity when tested with the SO strain of P. falciparum from in vitro cultures, (3) it gave a lower absorbance value when tested with erythrocytes from healthy individuals. All 281 cases of vivax malaria already proven by microscopic examination were positive by MAb-MAb sandwich ELISA.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 1992 Dec
PMID:Two-site sandwich ELISA for detection of Plasmodium vivax blood stage antigens using monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies. 129 84

Parasite extracts of Plasmodium falciparum and P. chabaudi and three synthetic peptides from the P. falciparum MSA2 merozoite antigen were tested for suitability as antigens in an antibody detection ELISA using sera from malaria patients in Brisbane. The P. chabaudi extract was superior to P. falciparum extract for detecting P. vivax cases, while for P. falciparum cases the two parasite extracts were equivalent. Single peptide antigens were generally less sensitive than parasite extracts; however, peptides G3 and G7 were more sensitive than parasite extracts in detecting first attacks of P. vivax. Examination of isotype specific responses demonstrated that this may be explained by higher IgG responses to these peptides in first than in subsequent P. vivax attacks. Because of the differing antibody specificities in primary and secondary P. falciparum and P. vivax cases, the best sensitivity was achieved by using the combined results of assays with three antigens: P. chabaudi, peptide G3 and peptide G7. The combined sensitivity was 77.1% for P. falciparum and 88.6% for P. vivax acute cases with 91.1% specificity.
Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 1992 Dec
PMID:Antibody detection ELISAS for malaria diagnosis. 129 85


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