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Query: UMLS:C0024530 (malaria)
 44,886 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In 198 consecutive deliveries in a region holoendemic for malaria, 39.4% of the mothers had malarial parasitaemia. Cord blood parasitaemia was found in 43 cases (55% of infected mothers). The incidence of malaria decreased with increasing parity possibly related to age. Malaria is partly responsible of the low birthweights and of the genesis of pre-term and small for date babies. A correlation between nutritional status and malarial infection was shown. According to IgM concentrations in cord blood, 2.5% of newborns had an intrauterine infection of unknown origin.
Helv Paediatr Acta Suppl 1978 Dec
PMID:Malaria at delivery in Abidjan. 21 76

The review outlines the developments in the Solomon Islands Malaria Eradication Programme (MEP) during the period 1975 - 1976. In most of the islands of the Solomons group MEP continues to be successful, but overall progress is hindered by persistent foci in areas of high malaria endemicity in north Guadalcanal. Some changes in the operational methodology are described, together with a report on supplementary measures carried out in the 'problem area' of north Guadalcanal.
P N G Med J 1977 Dec
PMID:A review of the Malaria Eradication Programme in the Solomon Islands 1975-1976. 27 99

Causes of anaemia in 101 adult Melanesian patients admitted to Port Moresby General Hospital over a 3-year period with haemoglobin levels of 4.0 gms per 100 ml or less were studied retrospectively. Cases of anaemia due to acute haemmorrage were excluded. Iron deficiency was found in 80, haemolysis in 39, megloblastosis in 26 and anaemia of chronic diseases in 5 patients. Anaemia was secondary to multiple causes in 56 and to a single cause in 45 patients. In the group with multiple causes, a combination of iron deficiency and haemolysis was found in 28, iron deficiency and megaloblastosis in 18, iron deficiency, haemolysis and megaloblastosis in 6 and haemolysis and megaloblastosis in 5 patients. In the group with a single cause, iron deficiency was found in 34, anaemia of chronic diseases in 5, haemolysis in 4 and megaloblastosis in 2 patients. Hookworm infestation and malaria appeared to be the major underlying causes of anaemia in the majority of these patients. Three of 45 patients who had received blood transfusions shortly after admission to the hospital died, while there was only one death in the nontransfused group. It is concluded that: i) severe anaemia in Papua New Guinea is commonly secondary to multiple causes; ii) administration of iron and folic acid as well as treatment for malaria and hookworm is a responsible approach when these patients can not be investigated; and iii) blood transfusion does not appear to be necessary in this group of patients despite a very low haemoglobin level.
P N G Med J 1979 Dec
PMID:Severe anaemia in Port Moresby. A review of 101 adult Melanesian patients with haemoglobin level of 4G/100 ml or less. 29 26

Malaria is a disease of the erythron, but as would be expected with involvement of so vital an organ, serious secondary dysfunction of other organs such as the brain or kidneys commonly occurs. The body ultimately acquires defences against red cell parasitism, but when these do not culminate in effective phagocytic clearance of plasmodial antigens, injury to such organs as the liver and kidneys may result. All of the renal syndromes here described may occur in such close correspondence with malarial parasitism that a causative role in some cases is justifiably assumed. However, since all may occur in contexts other than malaria, in malarial as well as non-malarial countries, none is pathognomonic and none constitutes independent evidence of malarial infection. Indeed, though experimental malaria has had but a limited role in delineating the scope of possible malarial injuries to the kidney, the experiments of nature here described reveal natural malaria to be a versatile model system simulating most of the spectrum of known renal responses. The first three syndromes described are more or less direct consequences of unmodified malarial infection; the latter three reflect the intervention of immunity.
P N G Med J 1979 Dec
PMID:Renal syndromes of malaria. 29 33

Normal mice spontaneously develop plaque-forming cells (PFC) specific for antigens on modified self erythrocytes (bromelain-treated mouse erythrocytes [BrMRBC] antigens). Our study demonstrates that the sex-linked defect that results in the inability of CBA/N mice to respond to several T-independent antigens (TI-2 antigens) also regulates the autoantibody response to BrMRBC antigens. Thus, in CBA/N homozygous mice and male F1 offspring of CBA/N-mothered crosses, e.g., (CBA/N X NZB)F1 males, such PFC are absent. To examine whether specific autoreactive B cells are present in defective mice, the latter were stimulated either nonspecifically with the mitogen LPS or by infection with lethal malaria (17XL Plasmodium yoelii) known to induce anti-BrMRBC PFC specifically. The results indicate that modest antibody responses to self antigens could be induced in young (5- to 7-wk old) defective mice and that these responses increased as a function of age. The data is consistent with the view that the defect in CBA/N mice does not result from an absence of functional anti-BrMRBC B cells but rather from low frequencies of the specific precursors, which can be triggered and expanded with age probably by environmental stimulations.
J Exp Med 1979 Dec 01
PMID:Influence of the sex-linked defect in CBA/N mice on autoimmune responses to isologous erythrocytes. Ability to overcome the defect with age. 31 95

In the period 1972-1976, 5 of 17 patients admitted to the Cantonal Hospital, Basel, for falciparum malaria had to be treated in the intensive care unit. Two patients died. None had performed regular chemoprophylaxis and in all of them several days had elapsed between onset of symptoms and diagnosis. The importance of information on malaria to tourists and physicians is stressed.
Schweiz Med Wochenschr 1977 Dec 10
PMID:[Falciparum malaria in Switzerland: a problem of intensive care?]. 33 75

Fourteen patients infected with falciparum malaria admitted to the Hospital for Tropical Diseases in Bangkok, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, were studied. In vivo and in vitro methods were used to compare the effects of chloroquine on Plasmodium falciparum. The results showed that RI in vivo corresponded to samples containing chloroquine base 2.5-3.5 millimicromoles per ml of blood in vitro and RII in vivo corresponded to samples with chloroquine base of 4.0 millimicromoles per ml of blood.
Ann Trop Med Parasitol 1977 Dec
PMID:In vivo and in vitro studies of chloroquine-resistant malaria in Thailand. 33 55

A case of a young man afflicted with falciparum malaria is presented in which the primary ocular finding was a subpigment epithelial hemorrhage involving the macula. Previous reports in the literature concentrate on peripheral and central retinal hemorrhages, almost to the exclusion of choroidal vascular abnormalities. The value of this case lies in the recognition that the choroid can assume an important role in fundus abnormalities associated with malaria, probably on the basis of obstructive phenomena with subsequent ischemic degenerative changes, similar to the process which involves the retinal vessels and central nervous system.
Ann Ophthalmol 1977 Dec
PMID:An unusual macular lesion associated with malaria. 34 89

In a coastal population in whom anaemia was common, two randomised controlled trials were undertaken to investigate the effectiveness of treating iron deficiency anaemia at a dispensary and at primary schools. For anaemic adult villagers treated at a dispensary, one dose of tetrachlorethylene for hookworm infection and a once per week visit to collect medicines were found to be satisfactory. A small but significant increase in haemoglobin level was produced by four weeks oral iron therapy, but this was only maintained after seven months by the group that had initially also received tetrachlorethylene. In children (5-14 years) no significant rise in haemoglobin level was obtained by using oral iron and/or TCE, either at the dispensary or at the primary schools. This suggests that malaria was a more potent cause of anaemia in these children.
Trop Geogr Med 1977 Dec
PMID:Anaemia treatment trials in a rural population of Tanzania. 34 70

CBA/N mice carry an X-linked, recessive gene, which results in the absence of a B cell subset, and is expressed primarily as an inability to respond to a certain class of thymus-independent antigens. We have examined the responses of these mice to the malaria parasite Plasmodium yoelii and found that primary infections induced by this parasite are more severe and last longer in mice with X-linked defect than in normal controls. The decreased resistance of the defective mice is associated with a striking deficiency in their IgM antibody response. After recovery from a primary infection, defective mice resist reinfection with the homologous parasite as well as normal mice. Although as resistant as normal controls, B cells from defective mice transfer considerably less immunity to naive recipients than B cells from normal animals. Hence, two modes of thymus-dependent protective immunity may contribute to the host response to P. yoelii. Control of an acute primary infection appears to involve a thymus-dependent antibody response that CBA/N mice are deficient in. Resistance to reinfection may be mediated primarily by a different mechanism.
J Immunol 1979 Dec
PMID:Experimental malaria in the CBA/N mouse. 38 72


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