Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0024530 (malaria)
 44,886 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

From July 1983 to March 1984 a randomized double blind prophylactic trial in Thai gem miners working across the border in Cambodia was conducted to determine the prophylactic efficacy of 3 drug regimens against P. falciparum and P. vivax malaria along the Thai-Cambodian border. Gem miners have a high incidence of malaria. Maximum duration of individual participation was 14 weeks. Of 334 participants in this study who were seen every 2 weeks, 145 received mefloquine 500 mg fortnightly, 112 received chloroquine 300 mg base weekly plus Fansidar (1000 mg sulfadoxine and 50 mg pyrimethamine) fortnightly and 77 received chloroquine as 300 mg base weekly. The significant reduction of vivax malaria in study subjects (compared to background incidence) implied good compliance with self administration of chloroquine in the intervening weeks between scheduled appointments. The attack rate in each prophylactic regimen was 2188 cases/1000/year with mefloquine, 8338 cases/1000/year with chloroquine-Fansidar and 10,207 cases/1000/year receiving chloroquine alone. There was a 79% prophylactic efficacy for mefloquine and 18% efficacy for the chloroquine plus Fansidar regimen compared to chloroquine. Using life table analysis, 56% of the mefloquine group, 6% of the chloroquine-Fansidar group and 4% of the chloroquine group were malaria free at the end of the 14 weeks study. The chloroquine plus sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine regimen prescribed for prophylaxis is no longer effective for multidrug resistant strains of P. falciparum in the study area. This study also seriously questions the efficacy of mefloquine prophylaxis.
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PMID:Comparison of mefloquine, chloroquine plus pyrimethamine-sulfadoxine (Fansidar), and chloroquine as malarial prophylaxis in eastern Thailand. 194 77

A group-randomized controlled trial of insecticide (permethrin)-treated bed nets (ITNs) was conducted in an area of high perennial malaria transmission in western Kenya to test the effect of ITNs on all-cause mortality in children 1-59 months of age. Child deaths were monitored over a two-year period by biannual household census in Asembo (1997-1998) and in Gem (1998-1999). Overall, 1,722 deaths occurred in children 1-59 months followed for 35,932 child-years. Crude mortality rates/1,000 child-years were 51.9 versus 43.9 in control and ITN villages in children 1-59 months old. The protective efficacy (PE) (95% confidence interval) adjusted for age, study year, study site, and season was 16% (6-25%). Corresponding figures in 1-11- and 12-59-month-old children in control and ITN villages were 133.3 versus 102.3, PE = 23% (11-34%) and 31.1 versus 28.7, PE = 7% (-6-19%). The numbers of lives saved/1,000 child-years were 8, 31, and 2 for the groups 1-59, 1-11, and 12-59 months old, respectively. Stratified analysis by time to insecticide re-treatment showed that the PE of ITNs re-treated per study protocol (every six months) was 20% (10-29%), overall and 26% (12-37%) and 14% (-1-26%) in 1-11- and 12-59-month-old children, respectively. ITNs prevent approximately one in four infant deaths in areas of intense perennial malaria transmission, but their efficacy is compromised if re-treatment is delayed beyond six months.
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PMID:Efficacy of permethrin-treated bed nets in the prevention of mortality in young children in an area of high perennial malaria transmission in western Kenya. 1274 82

The KEMRI/Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Health and Demographic Surveillance System (HDSS) is located in Rarieda, Siaya and Gem Districts (Siaya County), lying northeast of Lake Victoria in Nyanza Province, western Kenya. The KEMRI/CDC HDSS, with approximately 220 000 inhabitants, has been the foundation for a variety of studies, including evaluations of insecticide-treated bed nets, burden of diarrhoeal disease and tuberculosis, malaria parasitaemia and anaemia, treatment strategies and immunological correlates of malaria infection, and numerous HIV, tuberculosis, malaria and diarrhoeal disease treatment and vaccine efficacy and effectiveness trials for more than a decade. Current studies include operations research to measure the uptake and effectiveness of the programmatic implementation of integrated malaria control strategies, HIV services, newly introduced vaccines and clinical trials. The HDSS provides general demographic and health information (such as population age structure and density, fertility rates, birth and death rates, in- and out-migrations, patterns of health care access and utilization and the local economics of health care) as well as disease- or intervention-specific information. The HDSS also collects verbal autopsy information on all deaths. Studies take advantage of the sampling frame inherent in the HDSS, whether at individual, household/compound or neighbourhood level.
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PMID:Profile: the KEMRI/CDC Health and Demographic Surveillance System--Western Kenya. 2293 46