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Query: UMLS:C0024530 (malaria)
 44,886 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

There have been few scientists who have had a greater impact on the history of vector biology than Sir Patrick Manson (1844-1922). By demonstrating that mosquitoes became infected with microfilariae in the process of taking a blood meal, he became the first to prove an association between insects and pathogens causing human and animal diseases. He also contributed substantially to the discovery of mosquito transmission of malaria parasites and was a principal force behind the founding of the London School of Tropical Medicine and the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. Manson's career is reviewed in historical context as well as in relation to modern concepts of vector biology.
J Am Mosq Control Assoc 1992 Sep
PMID:Patrick Manson and the discovery age of vector biology. 140 56

Human IgG antibodies against Plasmodium falciparum asexual stages, gametocytes and sporozoites were detected by indirect fluorescent antibody (IFA) techniques in the blood meals of Anopheles gambiae s.l. from a malaria-endemic area of western Kenya. Field-collected mosquitoes, which had been stored dry for over 2 years, were screened first for human IgG by ELISA. In 141 blood meal samples from human-fed mosquitoes, the prevalence of stage-specific antibodies was 87.9% for asexual-stage parasites, 78.0% for gametocytes, and 87.9% for sporozoites. There were no differences in the prevalence of stage-specific antibodies for mosquitoes collected from 2 sites, before and after the long rainy season of 1988. The detection of specific human antibodies in mosquito blood meals by IFA, or by more efficient methods, may provide alternative approaches for large-scale, epidemiologic studies of malaria and other vector-borne diseases.
J Am Mosq Control Assoc 1992 Sep
PMID:Detection of human antibodies against Plasmodium falciparum antigens in blood meals of anopheline mosquitoes. 140 62

During a longitudinal study of vector biology and malaria transmission in western Venezuela, adult mosquitoes were collected by different methods and their efficiency was compared with human landing catches. CDC light traps, a double-net, a calf-baited trap and collection of resting mosquitoes on vegetation were tested. These methods did not prove to be effective substitutes for human landing catches.
J Am Mosq Control Assoc 1992 Sep
PMID:Evaluation of different methods of catching anopheline mosquitoes in western Venezuela. 140 63

The second Spanish language symposium presented by the American Mosquito Control Association (AMCA) was held as part of the 58th Annual Meeting in Corpus Christi, TX in March 1992. The principal objective, as it was for the 1991 symposium, was to increase and stimulate greater participation in the AMCA by vector control specialists and public health workers from Latin America. This publication includes summaries of 25 individual presentations that were given in Spanish. The symposium included the following topics: biology and chemical control of Aedes aegypti and anopheline vectors of malaria; field and laboratory studies of biological control agents for Aedes aegypti; community participation in the prevention of dengue; and other various aspects of the biology of other medically important arthropods (e.g., Simulium ochraceum, Lutzomyia and Culicoides).
J Am Mosq Control Assoc 1992 Sep
PMID:Mosquito vector control and biology in Latin America--a second symposium. 140 70

Widespread use and misuse of antiinfectiva have resulted in a problem of drug resistance linked to treatment of infectious diseases. In developing countries especially, the sale of such drugs is poorly controlled and the pharmaceutical industry is dumping obsolete products. Intensive marketing, lack of diagnostic facilities and receptive local cultural attitudes to new "wonder drugs" such as antibiotics, have resulted in dramatic unnecessary use of such. Therefore the ideal strategies for treatment of infectious diseases guided by microbiological diagnosis and resistance pattern are violated in most developing countries, leading to excessive use of antiinfectiva and development of resistance. This has serious consequences for the infections that cause most cases of infant mortality, namely malaria, diarrhoeas and infections of the respiratory tract. Improvements in this vicious circle of drug use and resistance can only be made by attacking several factors simultaneously. There is a need for general information, stricter legislation, essential drug lists, national drug policies, better knowledge of local resistance patterns, better diagnostic facilities, better knowledge about local beliefs about drugs and better communication to local health workers and the community.
Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen 1992 Sep 10
PMID:[Resistance problems in developing countries--use and misuse of antiinfective agents]. 141 4

In regions where malaria is endemism, the disease is a recognised cause of complications of pregnancy such as spontaneous abortion, premature delivery, intrauterine growth retardation and foetal death. Malaria is seldom seen in pregnant women in Denmark but, during the past two years, the authors have treated four patients in the University Hospital in Copenhagen. These pregnancies were all successful but two of the mothers required emergency Caesarean section on account of threatening intrauterine asphyxia. The patients came relatively late for treatment which may be because not only the patients but also their practitioners were unaware that malaria can occur several years after exposure. Three out of the four patients had employed malaria prophylaxis. As resistance to malarial prophylactics in current use is increasing steadily, chemoprophylaxis should be supplemented by mechanical protection against malaria and insect repellents. As a rule, malaria is treated with chloroquine. In cases of Falciparum malaria in whom chloroquine resistance is suspected, treatment with mefloquine may be employed although this should only be employed in cases of dire necessity in pregnant patients during the first trimester. Severe cases should be treated with infusion of quinine. During pregnancy, benign malaria may run a violent course and pregnant women with malaria should be monitored in maternity departments and should be treated in cooperation with specialists in tropical medicine.
Ugeskr Laeger 1992 Sep 21
PMID:[Malaria and pregnancy]. 141 92

Levels of platelets and other hematological values were monitored in 21 Saimiri and 12 Aotus monkeys over a period of three weeks post-infection with monkey-adapted Indochina CDC-1 strain of Plasmodium falciparum. In both Saimiri sciureus boliviensis and Aotus nancymai karyotype-1 monkeys the severest thrombocytopenia was observed at 14 days post-infection coinciding with peak parasitemia, neutropenia, lymphocytosis, and anemia associated with severe hemoglobinemia and elevated fibrinogen degeneration products(FDP's). MCH and MCV profiles in Aotus monkeys decreased with ascending parasitemia. In contrast, these parameters in Saimiri were characterized by a significant compensatory increase correlating with parasitemia. In general, thrombocytopenia was one of the earliest clinical manifestations of the infection with the platelets returning to normal levels shortly after peak parasitemia at 14 days. Platelet kinetics had a strong correlation with hematologic and parasitologic values in the Aotus model. No consistent associations were observed between platelet kinetics and other parameters in the Saimiri model. These data indicate that the Aotus model for malaria is more predictable than the Saimiri. Further, platelet turnover rates and recovery provide a useful prognostic parameter during malaria infection. The results are discussed in relation to the value of the two species of monkeys as models for the pathogenesis of human malaria.
Kisaengchunghak Chapchi 1992 Sep
PMID:Platelet kinetics and other hematological profiles in experimental Plasmodium falciparum infection: a comparative study between Saimiri and Aotus monkeys. 142 30

We investigated the efficacy and toxic potential of antimalarial therapy regimens in 452 malaria patients treated between 1980 and 1990. Drug regimens in 330 non-immune travellers were compared with those of 122 semi-immunes with acute malaria; 71% patients acquired their infection in tropical Africa, and the 288 Plasmodium falciparum infections were the most prevalent species. Because of increasing drug resistance or toxicity of chloroquine, pyrimethamine-sulfadoxine and even mefloquine, quinine proved to be the most effective antimalarial against P. falciparum and the only one which did not lead to recrudescences. These occurred in 10% patients after chloroquine and 6% after mefloquine. Cinchonism occurred in 25% of those treated with quinine, but it was fully reversible and never necessitated withdrawal of the drug. We conclude that quinine is highly effective in the treatment of P. falciparum infection and is mandatory if the clinical condition requires a fast-acting blood schizonticide, in cases of hyper-parasitaemia and if multi-drug resistance occurs; its use should not be restricted by reversible side-effects such as cinchonism.
J Infect 1992 Sep
PMID:Malaria therapy in 452 patients, with special reference to the use of quinine. 143 Nov 71

The multiplication of malaria parasites within red blood cells is energy dependent. Since these parasites lack a functional tricarboxylic acid cycle, the energy needs of the parasite are met by anaerobic glycolysis of exogenous glucose. High levels of glycolytic enzymes such as fructose-1,6-diphosphate aldolase, phosphoglycerate kinase and pyruvate kinase have been detected in infected erythrocytes. Here we report a 4-9 times increase in glucose phosphate isomerase (GPI) activity of infected erythrocytes over that of normal erythrocytes. This increase is of parasitic origin, as additional enzyme bands were observed in lysates of infected erythrocytes. The expression of GPI parallels parasite maturation and reaches a maximum at the trophozoite/schizont stage. Two distinct but closely related activity patterns consisting of 3-4 GPI isoenzymes (not shown in normal erythrocytes) with neutral to weakly acidic isoelectric points were observed in 6 P. falciparum isolates tested by isoelectric focusing. The purified P. falciparum GPI has an apparent size of 66 kDa. No size variation was observed in the 6 P. falciparum isolates studied. Furthermore, antiserum raised against this protein in BALB/c mice specifically inhibits parasite encoded GPI activity while no effect was observed on host enzyme activity.
Mol Biochem Parasitol 1992 Sep
PMID:Identification and purification of glucose phosphate isomerase of Plasmodium falciparum. 143 56

An immunocytochemical peroxidase test (ICPT) has been developed to allow serological measurement of the antibody response to Plasmodium vivax by light microscopy. Acetone fixed P. vivax erythrocyte stages were used as source of antigen. The immunofluorescent antibody test (IFAT) was used as reference test. In testing sera from individuals infected with P. vivax in southeastern Venezuela a high correlation (100%) was obtained between the ICPT and the IFAT. There were cross reactions with sera from patients with malaria by P. falciparum but not with those from patients with other parasitic diseases. Antibody titres as measured by the ICPT showed a positive correlation with past P. vivax malarial experiences.
Parasite Immunol 1992 Sep
PMID:An immunocytochemical test for the diagnosis of antibodies to Plasmodium vivax. 143 38


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