Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0024530 (malaria)
 44,886 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Desferrioxamine B (DFO, Desferal), an iron chelator, was earlier shown to be active against Plasmodium falciparum in vitro and in vivo. The present open pilot study served to assess its clinical tolerability and efficacy in human malaria under hospital conditions. Continuous intravenous DFO was administered to 28 Thai males at a dose of 100 mg/kg over 24 h for 3 consecutive days. No other antimalarial therapy was administered unless recrudescence had occurred. The first 14 patients had symptomatic Plasmodium vivax (P.v.) malaria, while the other 14 patients were suffering from uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria (P.f.). Both groups were treated in Bangkok, where malaria transmission does not take place, and followed up, on the ward, for 3 weeks (P.v. group) or 4 weeks (P.f. group) after the start of therapy. In both groups DFO reduced the parasitaemia to zero within 106 and 57 h respectively. The fever clearance time was 55 and 60 h, respectively. The overall tolerability of DFO was good but 4 P.v. and 5 P.f. patients had transient visual blurring. Recrudescences were observed on average 15, respectively 10 days after the start of therapy. Only 2 P.v. patients and none of the P.f. patients remained free of recrudescences during the observation period. There was no apparent gametocytocidal effect of DFO on P.f.
Acta Trop 1992 Sep
PMID:Plasmodicidal effect of desferrioxamine B in human vivax or falciparum malaria from Thailand. 135 61

Fifty-one species of mosquitos were collected at a malarious site in western Palawan, Philippines. Anopheles flavirostris, which is the primary malaria vector, was mildly exophagic and zoophilic, and had a peak biting activity from 0030-0130 hours. An. balabacensis, a secondary vector, was endophagic, anthropophilic, and was primarily active between 2000-0030. Of the 3 main genera, Culex were the most zoophilic, Aedes were the most anthropophilic, and Anopheles had species in both extremes. An. annularis, Ae. vexans, and Cx. vishnui showed similar biting activity patterns during both the rainy or dry seasons.
Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 1992 Sep
PMID:Biting activity of mosquitos (Diptera: Culicidae) at a malarious site in Palawan, Republic of The Philippines. 136 28

The effect of artemether plus mefloquine versus quinine on 35 patients with complicated falciparum malaria including 5 patients with cerebral malaria were studied. All patients treated with the artemether-mefloquine combination survived and all were free from toxic effects of the drugs. Three patients on quinine therapy died. The mortality rate was 8.5%. The mean parasite clearance time of patients treated with artemether plus mefloquine was significantly shorter than those treated with quinine but there was no significant difference in the mean fever clearance of the two groups of patients. There was no recrudescence with artemether and mefloquine; the recrudescence rate was 5.5% with quinine. The study showed that the artemether-mefloquine combination is superior to quinine for the treatment of patients with complicated falciparum malaria, including cerebral malaria.
Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 1992 Sep
PMID:The effect of artemether plus mefloquine on Myanmar patients with complicated falciparum malaria. 136 56

Natural populations of Plasmodium falciparum without previous drug exposure are mixtures of individual parasites with different levels of response to a specific medicament. Exposure to sublethal drug concentrations will eliminate the highly and moderately sensitive individuals. The less sensitive part of the parasite population is being selected and given the opportunity of propagating. Underdosed mass drug administration and subcurative medication have this direct effect. An indirect effect with the same result is observed with drugs having a long half-life, where new infections invade the blood while subtherapeutic residual drug concentrations are still present. This militates against the use of drugs with long half-life in areas with intensive malaria transmission, and for a rational therapeutic use of alternative antimalarials based on reliable microscopic diagnosis, adequate dose regimens, post-treatment follow-up, further alternative treatment of recrudescences with the objective of radical cure.
Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 1992 Sep
PMID:The biological and epidemiological basis of drug resistance in malaria parasites. 136 57

The malaria situation in the WHO South-East Asia Region is reviewed in terms of its epidemiological diversity, problems encountered and implications for control. Varying host-parasite-vector interrelationships are shown to be influenced significantly by prevailing environmental conditions (eg topographic, climatic) as well as behavioral and socio-economic determinants. Drug-resistant falciparum malaria and vector resistance to insecticides are the main biological deterrents to the success of control programs. Thus, the potential for malaria transmission remains high in many places. The malaria control strategy includes Primary Health Care and integration with basic health services. However, operational research is needed in many of the countries in the Region.
Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 1992 Sep
PMID:Overview: epidemiology of malaria and its control in countries of the WHO South-East Asia region. 136 58

Resistance of P. falciparum to mefloquine emerged along the Thai-Cambodian border following the falciparum malaria outbreak in Bo Rai areas in late 1988. Efforts have been made since then to prevent or delay the spread of multi-drug resistant strains by restricting the use of mefloquine, limiting the distribution of the drug for presumptive treatment and chemoprophylaxis, encouraging personal protection, strengthening the case follow-up system, increasing physician awareness, and mass treatment with primaquine of gem miners crossing the borders.
Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 1992 Sep
PMID:Current measures of containment of multi-drug resistant falciparum malaria in Thailand. 136 60

Cerebral malaria is still a major cause of death in patients suffering from malaria. Much of the research work in the past two decades has been done to clarify the pathophysiology of cerebral malaria which hopes to improve the management of the disease and concomitantly reduce mortality. However, the pathogenesis of cerebral malaria is still not clear. The pathophysiology of coma is believed to be brain anoxia from ischemia due to sequestration of erythrocytes containing mature parasites in cerebral capillaries and venules. Three possible mechanisms of sequestration (cytoadherence, rosette formation and decreased deformability of the infected erythrocytes) are postulated. The management of cerebral malaria includes early diagnosis and early treatment with potent antimalarial drugs, early detection and treatment of complications, correction of fluid and electrolyte imbalance and proper nursing care. In spite of these efforts, a high mortality rate (ranging 10-40%) is still encountered.
Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 1992 Sep
PMID:Overview: pathophysiology and management of cerebral malaria. 136 63

There are around half a million cases of malaria with 5-10,000 deaths per year in Cambodia. Incidence rates vary in different parts of the country. Malaria control is hampered by multiple drug resistance of Plasmodium falciparum, inaccessibility to the major vector, poor security in most malarious areas, and lack of resources. The control strategy emphasises improvement of clinical management and provision of prompt and accurate diagnosis in order to reduce morbidity and to prevent mortality. In addition health information and drug distribution systems are being improved. The use of pyrethroid-treated mosquito nets and health education are being promoted. Particular attention is given to returning refugees as they settle into the country.
Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 1992 Sep
PMID:Malaria in Cambodia. 136 64

The malaria situation in Indonesia is reviewed in the major island group of Java-Bali and the remainder of the archipelago called the Outer Islands. Based on their varying epidemiological patterns the areas for control have been stratified and efforts are directed towards the rational use of antimalarial drugs and the institution of integrated vector control ie chemical control in conjunction with biological control and environmental management. The targets of malaria control vary as well between island groups. Administrative, technical and operational constraints are identified. Drug-resistant malaria, forest-related malaria, lack of personnel, supervision and coordination, inadequate resources, and community participation are among the main issues confronting the national malaria control program. Research and training needs are emphasized in the recommendations.
Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 1992 Sep
PMID:Malaria control program in Indonesia. 136 65

The Malaria Eradication Program was started in 1967 in Peninsular Malaysia. Since then and up to 1980, there was a reduction in the number of reported malaria cases from 160,385 in 1966 to 9,110 cases for Peninsular Malaysia. Although the concept of eradication has changed to one of control in the 1980, the anti-malaria activities have remained the same. However, additional supplementary activities such as the use of impregnated bednets, and the Primary Health Care approach, have been introduced in malarious and malaria-prone areas. Focal spraying activity is instituted in localities with outbreaks in both malaria-prone and non-malarious areas. Passive case detection has been maintained in all operational areas. In 1990, 50,500 cases of malaria were reported of which 69.7% (35,190) were from Sabah, 27.8% (14,066) from Peninsular Malaysia and 2.5% (1,244) from Sarawak. Until June 1991 a total of 18,306 cases were reported for the country. Plasmodium falciparum continues to be the predominant species, contributing to 69.6% of the parasites involved. The case fatality rate for 1990 was 0.09%. There were 43 deaths all of which were attributed to cerebral malaria. The problems faced in the prevention and control of malaria include problems associated with the opening of land for agriculture, mobility of the aborigines of Peninsular Malaysia (Orang Asli) and inaccessibility of malaria problem areas. There is need to ensure prompt investigation and complete treatment of cases especially in malarious areas. The promotion of community participation in control activities should be intensified. Primary Health Care should be continued and intensified in the malarious areas.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 1992 Sep
PMID:Current status of malaria in Malaysia. 136 67


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>