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Query: UMLS:C0024530 (malaria)
 44,886 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

CBA/T6 and Balb/c mice inoculated with Plasmodium berghei ANKA strain (PbA) died from cerebral malaria 6-8 days post-inoculation. DBA/2J mice similarly inoculated developed a non-fatal cerebral malaria, with mild temporary cerebral symptoms, and died between days 15 and 22 from other malaria-related complications. When inoculated with P. berghei K173 (Pb) these mouse strains did not develop a cerebral malaria but died between days 15 and 22 from other malaria-related complications. These mouse strain/parasite strain combinations allow for detailed examination of factors critical in the pathology of murine cerebral malaria. Monastral Blue, a colloid dye, when injected intravascularly between days 0 and 2 into PbA-inoculated CBA (PbA-CBA) or Balb/c (PbA-Balb/c) mice prevented death from cerebral malaria. There was no evidence of increased vascular permeability at this stage. When Monastral Blue was injected between days 5 and 8, there was increased vascular permeability in the kidney, liver, lung, spleen and brain of PbA-CBA and PbA-Balb/c mice. Injection of Monastral Blue into these animals at this time also precipitated cerebral symptoms and death, but not in Pb-infected mice. Endothelial and mononuclear cells phagocytosed, and were coated with, the Monastral Blue particles when the dye was injected between days 5 and 8 into PbA-CBA and PbA-Balb/c mice. Control, uninfected mice did not demonstrate either of these features. Pb-infected mice only demonstrated coated mononuclear cells. Mononuclear cell attachment to the endothelium, increased vascular permeability and increased association of Monastral Blue particles with monocytes and endothelial cells were correlated with cerebral symptoms and death. Monastral Blue is thus a useful agent for studying the roles of mononuclear cells and endothelium in murine cerebral malaria.
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PMID:Pathology of fatal and resolving Plasmodium berghei cerebral malaria in mice. 128 Aug 5

Changes in the cerebral microvasculature such as breakdown of the blood-brain barrier, petechial hemorrhages, congestion, and edema are observed in the later stages of murine cerebral malaria. These changes have been described from histologic sections of brain, but the need to section the material makes direct observation of the microvasculature in situ difficult. The retinal vasculature, in contrast, offers a unique opportunity to study rheologic, barrier, and functional properties of the microvasculature as a wholemount preparation with normal spatial relationship with other tissues and as an intact vascular plexus. A combination of techniques, including intravascular perfusion of Evan's Blue, Bisbenzimide and Monastral Blue, and fluorescence and transmitted light observation of retinal wholemounts, were developed to examine the progressive microvascular changes in murine cerebral malaria. These techniques allowed detection of phenomena such as monocyte adherence to endothelial cells, congestion, small hemorrhages, and breakdown of the blood-retinal barrier, with details of the location of this leakage, earlier than was possible by studying brain sections. Because the retina is intact, the phenomena were seen in greater detail and some, such as occlusion of vessel segments, were detectable only in retinal wholemounts. In addition, the covisualization of the blood elements, barrier properties, and vascular endothelial integrity that are possible with retinal wholemounts allowed detailed analysis of the interaction of different cellular elements in the pathogenesis of cerebral malaria. Except for detection of edema, the retinal wholemount technique offers a more powerful and less time-consuming technique for detecting early microvascular changes in murine cerebral malaria. This technique could find wider application in the study of other diseases that affect the microvasculature of the central nervous system, such as experimental allergic encephalitis and meningitis.
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PMID:Early microvascular changes in murine cerebral malaria detected in retinal wholemounts. 137 93