Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0024530 (malaria)
 44,886 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Observations made for a period of four years from 1985 to 1988 on post-spray impact of pirimiphos-methyl (25 per cent Wp) on malaria vectors in Tirap district of Arunachal Pradesh showed that a low density (0.0 to 0.02 PMH) of Anopheles dirus was maintained in the areas sprayed with the insecticide at the dosages of 1 and 2 g/m2 from 1981 to 1984. The post-spray data (1985 to 1988) showed a reduction of 62.5 to 62.8 per cent in SPR, 55.6 to 64.7 per cent in SRF and 72.3 to 75.5 per cent decline in API as compared to baseline data of 1980 in areas sprayed with pirimiphos methyl.
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PMID:Malaria transmission during post-spray period of pirimiphos-methyl in Arunachal Pradesh. 134 56

Entomological and epidemiological surveys in May, August and November 1985 and March 1986 were conducted in villages in Bulandshahr, a western district in Uttar Pradesh and in three eastern districts, Jaunpur, Ballia and Saran. In Bulandshahr, Anopheles culicifacies sibling species A and B were found, with a predominance of species A. Both Plasmodium vivax and P. falciparum were present and the malaria incidence remained high (SPR, 6-50%) indicating an active transmission. In contrast, in three eastern districts predominance of species B with an occasional occurrence of species A was observed. Malaria cases were almost absent in Ballia and Saran and in Jaunpur 10.3% slide positivity rate was observed in May but in later surveys cases were considerably lower (SPR, 0.5-2.9%) indicating the absence of indigenous transmission. In the eastern districts, malaria parasites are regularly brought in from endemic areas by the migrant labor population. Although An. culicifacies s.l. occurs in both the areas, the difference in malaria incidence appears to be due to the difference in the composition of the sibling species which is, the predominant presence of species A in the western district and its absence in eastern districts. This indicates that species A is responsible for active malaria transmission while species B is not.
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PMID:Anopheles culicifacies: siblings species composition and its relationship to malaria incidence. 305 15

In the IFA serological surveys of malaria carried out in north, north-west and south-west parts of Iran during 1975-1982 altogether 9,132 subjects were studied for malaria antibodies and parasitaemia. Serological data indicated probable malaria transmission in a consolidation area where the autochthonous cases of malaria were reported a year after this serological study. Asymptomatic parasite carriers of P. malariae were found by IFA and parasite concentration techniques among the professional blood donors and the residents of a village without any recent malaria history. IFA results with P. falciparum antigen reflected the malaria histories in the studied areas of west Azerbaijan better than P. vivax antigen. The serological and parasitological findings in the nomads of Bakhtiary tribes showed that the nomads are more exposed to malaria infection in the winter quarters of Izeh area and they are also more under malaria control programme when they are living in this area. In comparison of IFA results of 438 paired plasma and dried blood samples tested with P. vivax and P. falciparum antigens, there was no significant difference between SPR in plasma and dried blood samples, however in the dried blood samples collected by malaria surveillance agents on filter paper SPR and GMRT were considerably low.
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PMID:IFA serological surveys of malaria in north, north-west and south-west parts of Iran. 389 49

In a large malaria endemic area in Panaji city, Goa, India, the weekly application of the biolarvicide Bacillus sphaericus (Strain 101, Serotype H 5a 5b) at the rate of 1 g/m2 in the main Anopheles stephensi larval habitats, viz., curing waters, masonry tanks, and sump tanks (under construction), from April to December 1993 resulted in a sharp decline in the habitat positivity (range 0.13-8.0%) as compared with the rest of the Panaji (range 2.2-30.6%) where temephos (Abate) was used as the larvicide. Bacillus sphaericus spraying also led to a significant decline in anopheline densities in positive habitats (range 0-7.3/10 dips) as compared with control habitats (range 0.9-53.0/10 dips). Concurrently, malaria incidence observed in the experimental area (slide positivity rate [SPR] range 2.3-7.8%; monthly parasite index [MPI] range 0.18-1.44) was lower than in the control area (SPR range 14.3-25.5%; MPI range 1.75-6.12).
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PMID:Malaria control utilizing Bacillus sphaericus against Anopheles stephensi in Panaji, Goa. 770 60

A study of the effects of malaria infection on the progress and outcome of pregnancy was carried out during 1987-88 in the Medical College Hospital, Surat, Gujarat. Pregnant women were highly susceptible to the infection (SPR, 57.7) compared to the general population (SPR, 18.6). P. falciparum infection was predominant (62.4%). The infection rate was also found to be higher (SPR, 72.2%) in second trimester compared to first and third semesters. Primigravidae seemed to be at a greater risk as the mean parasitaemia level was higher (39%) and the outcome poor as compared to multigravidae (29%). Infection during pregnancy caused severe maternal complications like abortion (9.7%), premature labour (59.6%), and still-births (5.7%), which were higher in P. falciparum infection. Microcytic anaemia combined with dimorphic anaemia was predominant in the infected group (89.5%). Cord blood in 4 cases and on baby's blood were found positive for malaria parasite, showing transplacental passage of malaria parasites, which is rare. The infection was found to have a definite bearing on the low birth weight of babies. Chemoprophylaxis could obviate much of the complications.
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PMID:Effects of malaria infection on pregnancy. 803 9

A longitudinal study of malaria incidence recorded at malaria clinic of MRC, Shankargarh, during 1988-1991 showed the immense popularity of the clinic in quarry area. In clinical cases, SPR and SfR gradually increased from 45.6 and 18.2 in 1988 to 52.5 and 34.5 respectively in 1991. Increase in malaria cases during the reporting period was mainly contributed by P. falciparum cases. Peaks of vivax and falciparum malaria were recorded in September and October respectively. Extended transmission in Shankargarh region might be attributed to the influx of quarry labourers after post-monsoon season. SfR for 0 to 1-year age group malaria cases was found to be relatively low as compared to the higher age groups. Only 56 per cent of malaria-positive patients reported in the clinic had fever.
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PMID:Malaria in Shankargarh PHC, Allahabad District (U.P.): a clinical report. 831 15

Ratnagiri, a coastal district situated in the western part of Maharashtra, is stratified as 'Non-Problem District' as far as Malaria is concerned based on API, topography, rainfall, vector species, Vulnerability etc. Konkan rail project was launched in 1991 and 6 out of 9 blocks of districts Ratnagiri are penetrated by the rail-line. The local ecology of the district is disturbed on account of the project, which is expected to favor malarial transmission. A study based on secondary data was undertaken with following objectives: To assess various operational indicators under NMEP during 1988-93 in the district with respect to their quantitative and qualitative fulfillment. To assess API in the district during same period in the context of inception of Konkan rail. It disclosed that the operational indicators like SPR, SFR & Pf Percentage showed upward trend since 1991 i.e. the year of inception of the Konkan rail project. With ABER consistently above 10% & concordance of the cross-checking results above 96%, the estimate of API becomes more meaningful. Though API shows upward trend, it was never above 2 during 1988-93. Less number of positive cases were found in Active Surveillance during 1988 to 1993. The contribution of Drug Distribution Centres (DDCs) is almost negligible in the district. In-depth analysis of positive cases revealed that the immigrants suffered more & May to July was the season for malaria transmission in the district during the said period. More people above 15 yrs. and more males were found malaria positive which may be because of more outdoor life of this group. Block wise analysis revealed that Mandanged & Khed Blocks showed API more than 2 since 1992. Paradoxically, Mandangad is a coastal block without rail-line, while Khed block is situated away from seashore but has rail-line. More irrigation, less adequate surveillance because of staff vacancy & nonfunctional Drug Distribution Centres (DDCs), more losses to radical treatment are the probable factors responsible for higher API in Mandangad and Khed blocks as compared with the rest of the blocks from the District Ratnagiri.
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PMID:Malariometry in district Ratnagiri during 1988-1993. 998 75

A survey was conducted to find chloroquine concentration profile in the community of Mewat region district Gurgaon (Haryana) of India. 88 P. falciparum and 3 P. vivax cases were detected out of 148 blood slides examined with a SPR of 61.48. Plasma chloroquine and desethylchloroquine concentrations were determined in 55 P. falciparum and 2 P. vivax patients and 29 persons whose blood slides were negative for malaria parasite before giving any treatment. Mean chloroquine concentrations in cases with P. falciparum parasites and without malaria parasites were 0.018 and 0.016 microg ml(-1) respectively. Chloroquine to desethyl chloroquine ratio was between 2 and 3 in both groups. Only 10 malaria parasite negative cases out of 29 had plasma chloroquine concentrations above 0.016 microg ml(-1) required for malaria chemoprophylaxis. Chloroquine was undetectable in plasma samples of 8 out of 55 P. falciparum cases. Chloroquine plasma concentrations in 21 P. falciparum cases were below therapeutically effective concentration of 0.016 microg ml(-1) suggesting improper treatment while in 29 P. falciparum cases, parasitemia recurred despite required chloroquine concentration confirming chloroquine resistant status. Irregular prophylaxis and lack of proper treatment was one of the major causes of malaria outbreak in this area.
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PMID:Chloroquine concentration profile in the community of Mewat region, district Gurgaon (Haryana), India. 1077 83

An investigation was undertaken of a malaria outbreak in the Primary Health Centre Titabor, district Jorhat, Assam during May/June 1999. The fever rate in the community since March 1999, was 44.4 per cent with an average case load of 2.5 per family. The fever cases peaked in the third week of May. Slide positive and slide falciparum rates in mass blood survey, in the study village were 16.1 and 14.5 per cent respectively with 90 per cent infection of Plasmodium falciparum. Males (SPR 17.5%) suffered relatively more than females (SPR 14.7%). Malaria prevalence was significantly less in individuals above 15 yr of age (SPR 11.0%) as compared to those below 15 yr (SPR 22.9%). Prevalence of malaria as well as mosquito densities in different clusters of the village were inversely related to the distance from the forested Naga hills. Anopheles minimus and A. dirus were collected in good numbers with comparatively higher densities of the former. Several factors like unusual climatic conditions, inadequate surveillance, unsatisfactory laboratory services and inadequate indoor residual insecticide spray were instrumental for the outbreak.
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PMID:Epidemiology of malaria outbreak (April/May, 1999) in Titabor Primary Health Centre, district Jorhat (Assam). 1093 18

A focal outbreak of malaria occurred in the villages situated close to the main Indira Gandhi canal near Ramgarh in Jaisalmer district, western Rajasthan. Stagnation of water over a month's period in the main canal as well as long standing rain water in the form of expansive lakes near these villages formed vast breeding grounds for the vectors like Anopheles culicifacies, along with A. stephensi already breeding in the 'tanka' and 'beri' in the epidemichit villages. Rapid mass blood surveys along with other entomological and parasitological investigations were conducted in four of the ten affected villages, viz., Seuva, Raghwa, Raimala and Sadhna. A total of 992 specimens belonging to four vector species were sampled, namely, A. stephensi (47.4%), A. culicifacies (41.0%), A. subpictus (11.2%) and A. annularis (0.4%). Epidemiologically, about one-fourth of the examined persons were positive (SPR 25.5%), although Plasmodium falciparum dominated the parasitaemia (49.5%). Available data are indicative of changed malariological scenario in the Indira Gandhi Nahar Pariyojna command area, where epidemics are regular features every year.
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PMID:Malaria outbreak in the Indira Gandhi Nahar Pariyojna command area in Jaisalmer district, Thar Desert, India. 1217 Sep 43


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