Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0024530 (malaria)
 44,886 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Enzyme histochemical methods were performed on sporozoite infected liver tissue of rats in order to gain insight into the nutrition and metabolism of exoerythrocytic forms of Plasmodium berghei. The following enzymes were demonstrated in the hepatocytic stages of the parasites, obtained 41 and 48 h after inoculation of sporozoites: acid phosphatase, cytochrome oxidase, NADH-tetrazolium reductase, succinate dehydrogenase, NAD+ and NADP+ dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase, NADP+-dependent malate dehydrogenase, lactate dehydrogenases, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenases and alpha-glycerol-phosphate dehydrogenase. The results suggest that a conventional Embden-Meyerhoff pathway, pentose phosphate pathway and Krebs' citric acid cycle may in part be present in these exoerythrocytic parasites. Alkaline phosphatase, nucleoside polyphosphatase, 5' nucleotidase, glucose-6-phosphatase, alpha-glucan phosphorylase, NAD+ dependent malate dehydrogenase, amino-peptidase M and non-specific esterases were not detected by our techniques in the parasite. The enzyme distribution of this intrahepatocytic malaria parasite revealed by histochemistry is compared with the enzyme distribution in the other phases of the parasite's life cycle.
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PMID:Histochemical observations on the exoerythrocytic malaria parasite Plasmodium berghei in rat liver. 608 94

A mouse model for the "sudden death" and "malarial lung" syndromes is described. Mice of the C3H/z strain succumb suddenly approximately 7 days after an infection with Plasmodium berghei becomes patent, at a time when parasitemia is still moderate (6 to 8%). Death could be shown to be due to anaphylactoid shock, probably induced by soluble immune complexes. Increased vascular permeability caused transudation and leakage of serum proteins into the interstitium and the alveoli. The lungs were found to be edematous, with a fine granular precipitate in the alveoli and adherent to the vascular walls. The precipitates reacted with antiglobulins G and M, and could be shown to also contain malaria antigens and C3/4. A dramatic drop in hematocrit was recorded several hours before death, indicating the sudden release of malaria antigens. The myocardium of animals that had died very suddenly showed a patchy loss of phosphorylase activity. This loss of activity was much more extensive, and sometimes almost total, when there had been an agonal period of several (1 to 3) hours before death. In these cases the irreversibility of the myocardial damage was also indicated by the loss of activity of the dehydrogenases, as well as by typical inflammatory reactions of granulocytic and histiocytic infiltrations. The hearts thus presented a typical picture of the acute and peracute shock syndromes. In acute shock cardiac insufficiency develops so suddenly that death ensues before irreversible damage has occurred, and cardiac insufficiency can only be demonstrated by the most sensitive of enzyme histochemical means. In the present case shock was induced by the anaphylactoid activity of immune complexes with the lung as target organ. The described syndrome appears analogous to human "malarial lung."
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PMID:Plasmodium berghei: a mouse model for the "sudden death" and "malarial lung" syndromes. 622 35

The mechanisms by which Anopheles gambiae mosquitoes survive the desiccating conditions of the dry season in Africa and are able to readily transmit malaria soon after the rains start remain largely unknown. The desiccation tolerance and resistance of female An. gambiae M and S reared in contrasting environmental conditions reflecting the onset of dry season ("ods") and the rainy season ("rs") was determined by monitoring their survival and body water loss in response to low relative humidity. Furthermore, we investigated the degree to which the physiology of 1-h and 24-h-old females is altered at "ods" by examining and comparing their quantitative metabotypes and proteotypes with conspecifics exposed to "rs" conditions. Results showed that distinct biochemical rearrangements occurred soon after emergence in female mosquitoes that enhance survival and limit water loss under dry conditions. In particular, three amino acids (phenylalanine, tyrosine, and valine) playing a pivotal role in cuticle permeability decreased significantly from the 1-h to 24-h-old females, regardless of the experimental conditions. However, these amino acids were present in higher amounts in 1-h-old female An. gambiae M reared under "ods" whereas no such seasonal difference was reported in S ones. Together with the 1.28- to 2.84-fold increased expression of cuticular proteins 70 and 117, our data suggests that cuticle composition, rigidity and permeability were adjusted at "ods". Increased expression of enzymes involved in glycogenolytic and proteolytic processes were found in both forms at "ods". Moreover, 1-h-old S forms were characterised by elevated amounts of glycogen phosphorylase, isocitrate dehydrogenase, and citrate synthase, suggesting an increase of energetic demand in these females at "ods".
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PMID:Novel insights into the metabolic and biochemical underpinnings assisting dry-season survival in female malaria mosquitoes of the Anopheles gambiae complex. 2508 9