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Query: UMLS:C0024530 (malaria)
 44,886 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Two tourists from Kenya with falciparum malaria had an R1-resistance against chloroquine (WHO-extended field test, no in-vitro test). In addition, one of them was resistant against pyrimethamine-sulfadoxine (Fansidar), however sensitive against quinine and mefloquine. In a third tourist, from Tanzania, a diagnosis of chloroquine-resistance had been made too early and drug medication had been changed. These observations document the necessity of early species diagnosis. It is recommended to consider also in patients from East Africa the possibility of multiple resistances of falciparum malaria and to change medication if required.
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PMID:[Drug-resistant malaria in East Africa]. 633 10

The first two cases from East Africa of RII chloroquine- and Fansidar-resistant falciparum malaria are described. The first case occurred in a non-immune Swedish expatriate 2 weeks after arrival in Tanzania, and the second in a semi-immune Tanzanian soldier. Fansidar has not yet been marketed in Tanzania. The significance and etiology of the occurrence of combined chloroquine/Fansidar resistance in East Africa are discussed.
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PMID:Combined chloroquine/Fansidar-resistant falciparum malaria appears in East Africa. 634 May 38

The first cases of Fansidar resistant Plasmodium falciparum infection in Surinam are reported after chloroquine-resistance was reported in 1972. The resistant cases were suspected by physicians and confirmed after performing the 35-day extended standard WHO 7-day in vivo-test. The distribution of drug resistant P. falciparum in Surinam is presented. The problem that drug resistance causes in the Malaria Eradication Program in Surinam is discussed.
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PMID:Fansidar resistant Plasmodium falciparum infection in Surinam. 635 97

A 16-year old girl with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (8 years' duration) developed tropic malaria 7 weeks after her return from Kenya despite a longtime prophylaxis using pyrimethamine and sulfadoxine (Fansidar). The disease was detected during an episode of ketoacidosis which proved exceptionally difficult to manage. Adequate chloroquine therapy resulted in temporary recovery. A recurrence of malaria four weeks later was successfully treated with quinine and doxycycline. Intraleucocytary parasites were found during both these episodes. Already prior to antimalarial drug therapy the girls' preexisting retinopathy was found to have deteriorated.
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PMID:[Chloroquine and pyrimethamine/sulfadoxine resistant malaria tropica in a child with diabetes mellitus]. 637 25

One hundred and ten consecutive patients with falciparum malaria were treated with Fansidar and primaquine. Of the 61 patients who were followed up at one week, 4 (6.6%) failed to clear their parasitaemia (1 R III and 3 R II treatment failures). Of the subsequent 40 patients who were seen again at one month, another 3 (7.5%) had recrudesced (R I treatment failure). A total of 7 patients thus experienced some form of treatment failure in the cohort of 40 who completed the one month follow up. Only 1 of these 7 patients (with R III treatment failure) failed to respond to repeat Fansidar treatment, and may be the only one with true Fansidar resistance. The overall treatment failure rate of 17.5% (95% confidence interval: 6-29%) in the cohort who completed the study is consistent with the known clinical efficacy of Fansidar. These results suggest no significant Fansidar resistance in falciparum malaria found in Sabah.
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PMID:Clinical efficacy of sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine in the treatment of falciparum malaria in Sabah, Malaysia. 638 86

Since 1978 several cases of chloroquine-resistant falciparum malaria have been reported from East Africa (Petterson et al., 1981). Sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (Fansidar) has been advised by W.H.O. (Wkly Epidem. Rec., 1982) for therapeutic management of these patients. We describe here a non-immune female expatriate from Tanzania suffering from falciparum malaria, which was resistant to chloroquine (R II-III). She had been working as a medical technician in the Morogoro region, a hyperendemic malarious area. After being treated with Fansidar she was transferred to the Netherlands where a recrudescence developed. She was then treated with a combination of quinine and tetracycline which resulted in the clearance of the parasitaemia. This is the third report of Fansidar-resistant falciparum malaria from Tanzania in the Netherlands (de Geus et al., 1982; Timmermans et al., 1982).
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PMID:Fansidar-resistant Plasmodium falciparum infection from Tanzania. 675 46

Malaria prophylaxis is relative, not absolute, but can provide much protection. Travellers must take prophylactics regularly while in malarious areas and for one month thereafter; despite doing so, they may still develop malaria. For areas without chloroquine-resistant malaria, chloroquine, 300 mg base weekly, or proguanil, 100-200 mg daily, are preferred. In areas of chloroquine sensitivity there may be places with resistance to proguanil and pyrimethamine, but these places are not delineated. The risk of breakthrough of malaria is, therefore, least with chloroquine, but problems of potential side effects and regular medication are fewer with proguanil than chloroquine. Proguanil is preferred for long-term prophylaxis. Malaria poses a greater hazard for pregnant women and infants than do prophylactics. Pyrimethamine/sulphadoxine (Fansidar) or pyrimethamine/diaminodiphenyl sulphone (maloprim) are the preferred drugs for areas with prevalent chloroquine-resistant plasmodium falciparum. Fansidar is taken once a week and Maloprim also is usually recommended to be taken once a week.
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PMID:Malaria prevention in travellers from the United Kingdom. Report of meetings convened by the Ross Institute. 678 72

A world-wide increase of malaria infections is observed. Malaria is imported into Switzerland mainly by tourists and recently by refugees from South East Asia. The strains of P. falciparum resistant to treatment are of increasing importance. A patient with P. falciparum infection from Cambodia is reported, who suffered from three episodes of malaria recrudescence within ten weeks, in spite of adequate therapy with quinine and Fansidar. The definition, the significance and the geographical distribution of resistances and the possible cause for a P. falciparum recrudescence are discussed. For the treatment of repeating recrudescence quinine and Fansidar are recommended, followed by a suppressive Fansidar prophylaxy for 4--8 weeks.
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PMID:[Is Plasmodium falciparum, the parasite responsible for tropical malaria, resistant to fansidar?]. 698 62

The status of Plasmodium falciparum resistance to chloroquine in Sabah, Malaysia was not known until 1971-72. In 1974 resurgence of malaria was 77% over the number of cases in 1973 despite a malaria control program. Several in-vivo studies and 1 in-vitro study were conducted from 1971-5 and showed 51% out of 57 cases were resitant to chloroquine, the substance most widely used in the control program. 1 study was started in 1978 to continue to 1980; the preliminary results show 65 cases (85%) out of 76 successful tests are chloroquine-resistant. A decision was made to change to Fansidar for treatment of P. falciparum infection and to make other changes in the anti-malaria campaign in 1978-79 such as switching to emulsion concentrate for DDT insecticide spraying and monthly mass drug administration in serious transmission areas.
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PMID:Study of Plasmodium falciparum resistance to 4-Aminoquinolines (Chloroquine) in Sabah, Malaysia. 700 66

The study was carried out in 89 uncomplicated falciparum malaria adult cases admitted to Paholpol-Phayuhasena Hospital, Kanchanaburi Province, Thailand, during July 1979 and March 1980. The patients were divided alternatively into 2 groups. Group I, 46 patients, were treated with a single dose of 1000 mg sulfalene and 50 mg pyrimethamine (2 tablets of Metakelfin). Group II, 43 patients, were treated with 1000 mg sulfadoxine and 50 mg pyrimethamine (2 tablets of Fansidar). The parasitemia was cleared within 7 days in 7 cases (15.2%) of group I and in 11 cases (25.6%) of group II. The results of both groups are not statistically significant. It is concluded that the success rate of Fansidar in the treatment of falciparum malaria is decreasing in Thailand and Metakelfin can be used in the treatment of falciparum malaria either alone in mild cases or in combination with quinine as an alternative to Fansidar.
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PMID:Treatment of falciparum malaria with sulfalene-pyrimethamine versus sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine. 701 94


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