Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0024530 (malaria)
 44,886 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Although the role of systemic proinflammatory cytokines, IL-1beta and TNF-alpha, and their up-regulation of adhesion molecules, ICAM-1, VCAM-1 and E-Selectin, in the pathogenesis of cerebral malaria (CM) is well established, the role of local cytokine release remain unclear. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was used to compare the expression of ICAM-1, VCAM-1, E-Selectin, IL-1beta, TNF-a and TGF-beta at light microscopic level in cerebral, cerebellar and brainstem postmortem cryostat sections from 10 CM, 5 severe malarial anemia (SMA), 1 purulent bacterial meningitis (PBM), 2 non-central nervous system infections (NCNSI) and 3 non-infections (NI) deaths in Ghanaian children. Fatal malaria and Salmonella sepsis showed significantly higher vascular expression of all 3 adhesion molecules, with highly significant co-localization with sequestration in the malaria cases. However, there was negligible difference between CM and SMA. TGF-beta showed intravascular and perivascular distribution in all cases, but expression was most intense in the PBM case and CM group. TNF-alpha and IL-1beta showed prominent brain parenchymal staining, in addition to intravascular and perivascular staining, in only the PBM case and CM group. The maximal expression of all 6 antigens studied was in the cerebellar sections of the malaria cases. Endothelial activation is a feature of fatal malaria and Salmonella sepsis, with adhesion molecule expression being highly correlated with sequestration. IL-1beta and TNF-alpha are upregulated in only cases with neurodegenerative lesions, whilst TGF-beta is present in all cases. Both cytokines and adhesion molecules were maximally upregulated in the cerebellar sections of the malaria cases.
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PMID:Cytokines and adhesion molecules expression in the brain in human cerebral malaria. 1670 10

Changes to the cerebral microvasculature are evident during cerebral malaria (CM). Activation of the endothelium is likely to be due to the actions of cytokines, circulating levels of which are elevated during CM. Endothelial cells are known to up-regulate the expression of cellular adhesion molecules, which can lead to cellular sequestration and obstruction of vessels. However, it is unknown whether cytokines synergise in the up-regulation of the adhesion molecules involved in CM. In this study, the mRNA and/or protein expression of the adhesion molecules vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), P-selectin and E-Selectin were examined in a mouse brain endothelial cell line. Endothelial cells were stimulated with interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), tumour necrosis factor (TNF) and lymphotoxin-alpha (LT-alpha), alone or in combination. The expression of ICAM-1, VCAM-1, P-selectin and E-Selectin mRNA in mouse brain endothelial cells by TNF and/or LT-alpha was found to be significantly enhanced in the presence of IFN-gamma. The same synergistic effect was found when analyzing ICAM-1 protein expression in cytokine stimulated mouse brain endothelial cells. The findings show that cytokines can synergise to influence gene expression and protein expression in a mouse brain endothelial cell line.
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PMID:Interferon-gamma synergises with tumour necrosis factor and lymphotoxin-alpha to enhance the mRNA and protein expression of adhesion molecules in mouse brain endothelial cells. 1741 8

We investigated associations between markers of damage of vascular endothelial cells (MDVECs) and plasma cytokine levels, hemoglobin level and temperature in individuals with acute uncomplicated malaria, as well as healthy controls, using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the presence of soluble endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (sE-selectin), circulating granule membrane protein-140 (sP-selectin), circulating thrombomodulin (TM), circulating von Willebrand factor (VWf), interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha). Significant differences were observed between falciparum malaria patients and the healthy people in term of levels of both sE-selectin and TM. The serum levels of sP-selectin and VWf were comparable between the two groups. The levels of both sE-Selectin and TM correlated positively with temperature, levels of IFN-gamma and levels of TNF-alpha; and negatively with hemoglobin levels. Trends of positive correlations were observed between level of sP-selectin or VWf and temperature. Furthermore, sE-selectin levels correlated with vomiting. These data suggest that sE-selectin and TM might be useful markers of endothelium activation in in vivo studies. Moreover, our results highlight the use of both sE-selctin and TM as markers of anemia.
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PMID:Markers of vascular endothelial cell damage and P. falciparum malaria: association between levels of both sE-selectin and thrombomodulin, and cytokines, hemoglobin and clinical presentation. 1877 3