Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0024530 (malaria)
 44,886 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

4 cases from the authors' experiences are added to the list of women who became pregnant during oral contraception while taking other drugs. 2 were 24- and 28-year-old epileptics taking Stediril and Mysoline, or primidone, a deoxybarbiturate. The 3rd was a 32-year-old woman who had forgotten 1 Stediril pill and taken 2 the next day, while taking 75 mg phenobarbital for a homeopathic regime. The 4th had been using Stediril for 5 years and had stopped for 2 months, and conceived during her 1st cycle after resuming the pill. She was taking drugs for migraine headaches, Nivaprine to prevent malaria, tetracyclines and trisulfazine for diarrhea. It is emphasized that when the usual pill side effects or regular withdrawal bleeding are absent in women on other medications, physicians should be alerted that the contraceptive action of the pill may be compromised.
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PMID:[Letter: Influence of certain drugs on the action of contraceptive pills]. 94 Jul 60

Rhesus monkeys, Macaca mulatta, were treated with the oral contraceptives Brevicon (norethisterone with ethinylestradiol) and Ovral (norgestrel with ethinylestradiol), and subsequently inoculated with the simian malaria parasites Plasmodium cynomologi bastianellii or P. coatneyi. Parasitological, serological, and serum biochemical studies indicated that although there were some significant differences, in general the patterns of response to infection in both treated and control animals were similar. During the primary infection, however, Brevicon resulted in increased levels of parasitaemia, whereas Ovral resulted in decreased parasitaemias, as compared with the untreated control animals. There were no differences in the responses following secondary parasite infection.
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PMID:The effect of oral contraceptives in malaria infections in rhesus monkey. 633 97

The interaction of oral contraceptives with malaria infection (Plasmodium cynomolgi B and P. coatneyi) in adult female rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) was studied. The oral contraceptives (Norinyl and Ovral-28) were administered for 12 consecutive menstrual cycles, from day 5 to 25 of each cycle, at either (1/3) of the human dose of Norinyl (norethisterone 0.33 mg + ethinylestradiol 0.012 mg) or (1/6) of the human dose of Ovral-28 (norgestrel 0.083 mg + ethinylestradiol 0.008 mg).The animals were divided into three groups for each infection (control, Norinyl and Ovral-28 treated) with 10 monkeys in each group for P. cynomolgi B infection and 12 in each group for P. coatneyi infection. The animals were infected after 6 cycles of oral contraceptive administration, and the course of infection was studied during the 7th and 8th cycles. This was followed by radical cure during the 9th and 10th cycles and rechallenge in the 11th and 12th cycles. The present study showed that (1) the contraceptive-treated animals maintained a slightly increased cumulative parasite load; (2) the contraceptives did not interfere with the radical curative action of chloroquine; (3) the contraceptive-treated animals showed no significant change in the course of parasitaemia on rechallenge or in the malaria indirect fluorescent antibody levels; (4) the liver function tests were not altered significantly by the administration of contraceptives and subsequent infection; and (5) the haematological changes observed in the contraceptive-treated animals were similar to those observed in the control group.
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PMID:Interactions between oral contraceptives and malaria infections in rhesus monkeys. 633 51

The Indian government's plan to introduce the new long-acting contraceptive Norplant in the National Family Planning Program under pressure from the US government is opposed because Norplant has not been adequately tested. The government has reduced the funding for the national program for eradication of malaria and tuberculosis, but it is proposing to finance a Norplant based population project for the State of Uttar Pradesh. The powers that can turn a deaf ear to the possible hazards of Norplant. Implanted in the arm of a woman, the chemical is released into the bloodstream providing contraception for 5 years. Severe adverse reactions include depression, heart disease thromboembolism, high blood pressure, and ovarian cysts. Many such long-acting contraceptives are being developed including injectables, vaccines, nasal sprays, and vaginal rings with potential permanent impairment to fertility. One of the major objectives of the Family Planning Program is the improvement of the health status of women, but the introduction of Norplant would harm healthy young women. Therefore, the group Saheli and others in the campaign demand: 1) that plans for introduction of Norplant in the Family Planning Program be halted immediately; 2) that the introduction of any other long acting invasive contraceptive such as Net-En, vaginal ring, nasal spray, and anti-fertility vaccine be banned, both on the grounds of inadequacy of the health services and loss of user controls; 3) that information on the safety aspects of Norplant and the basis on which the Drugs Controller has granted his approval be made public; 4) that each and every one of the hundreds of women who still have the implant should be located, and the implant removed; and 5) that all hormonal contraceptive preparations be banned in the social marketing program as their use involves extensive monitoring.
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PMID:Norplant campaign in India. 1228 26

Many people in developing countries lack access to health technologies. We present seven findings about processes that shape access, based on analysis of six case histories: praziquantel to treat schistosomiasis (a parasitic worm disease), hepatitis B vaccine, the Norplant contraceptive, malaria rapid diagnostic tests, vaccine vial monitors, and the female condom. Each case study is assessed with a comprehensive framework that examines the effects of architecture, availability, affordability, and adoption on creating access. The analysis shows that access to health technology in poor countries is difficult to achieve because of multiple obstacles, but it can be created under certain conditions.
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PMID:Creating access to health technologies in poor countries. 1959 94