Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0024530 (malaria)
 44,886 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Imported malaria cases reported to the Malaria Reference Laboratory as occurring in the United Kingdom have remained at around 2,000 cases annually for the past seven years. However, there has been a steady increase in falciparum malaria which now accounts for 52% of the cases, with mixed infections that include P. falciparum providing another 2% of the 4083 cases reported in the two years 1989-90. Compared with 1986, there has been a substantial increase in P. falciparum of African origin and a fall in Asian P. vivax. Eight people died. Except for one case who had had a previous splenectomy, either the fatal cases had taken no prophylaxis or diagnosis was very late, usually on a mistaken assumption that the patient had influenza. The future is likely to see continuing preponderance of P. falciparum infections, with an increasing problem of multiple drug resistance.
CDR (Lond Engl Rev) 1991 Apr 26
PMID:Malaria imported into the United Kingdom 1989 and 1990. 166 72

A total of 1,629 cases of malaria were reported in the United Kingdom in 1992, and 1,922 cases in 1993, fewer than the peak of 2,332 reached in 1991. Of the 3,551 cases of malaria reported during 1992 and 1993, 74 were reported from Scotland, 45 from Wales, and 13 from Northern Ireland. Fourteen people died of falciparum malaria in the two years, 12 of whom contracted the disease in Africa and two in India. Preventive measures were inadequately followed by 12 of the 14 patients who died, eight of whom took no prophylaxis at all, and diagnosis was delayed in the other two. Over a third of the malaria cases were immigrants from endemic areas who had settled in the United Kingdom and who travelled to visit friends and relations. This was the commonest reason for travel given by cases, and correlates with a marked rise in falciparum malaria in settled immigrants from West Africa.
Commun Dis Rep CDR Rev 1994 Dec 09
PMID:Malaria imported into the United Kingdom in 1992 and 1993. 753 66

Two thousand, three hundred and thirty-two cases of human malaria were imported into the United Kingdom in 1991. There were twelve deaths; eleven of which were due to Plasmodium falciparum infection contracted in Kenya or West Africa. The annual total of cases of P. falciparum infection has increased throughout the last decade, reaching 1268 cases in 1991: over 90% of these were contracted in sub-Saharan Africa, whereas over 80% of P. vivax cases were contracted in South Asia. The largest category of infected travellers consisted of settled immigrants visiting friends and relatives in their country of origin.
Commun Dis Rep CDR Rev 1993 Jan 29
PMID:Malaria imported into the United Kingdom during 1991. 769 41

Fifty-one patients with malaria were admitted to the Coppetts Wood Unit of the Royal Free Hospital in 1991. The majority had taken either no prophylaxis or a suboptimal regimen. This was especially evident among patients from ethnic minorities. The most common clinical feature of malaria is fever, which may present months and occasionally years after exposure which can lead to failure or delay in the diagnosis. Doctors should stress the need for travellers to endemic areas to take prophylaxis as well as mosquito avoidance measures. All patients for whom a diagnosis of malaria is considered should be referred for a same-day diagnostic test, preferably to a centre with appropriate expertise in tropical medicine.
Commun Dis Rep CDR Rev 1993 Jan 29
PMID:The clinical features of imported malaria. 769 42

These guidelines on malaria prevention are an aid to health care workers who advise travellers, particularly those who will be overseas for less than a year. They represent a virtual consensus of the views of 44 doctors, nurses, and pharmacists with special expertise in malariology or travel medicine who met to develop them in 1996 (see list on R152). The guidelines are in three parts. The first part is a summary that emphasises modifications to the advice given in the last set of guidelines, published in 1995. The second part discusses the issues addressed in formulating the guidelines. Doctors, practice nurses, and pharmacists are asked to read this section to avoid doing harm by giving chemoprophylaxis without due attention to the traveller's history or destination and by using oversimplified lists of recommendations by country. The second part also addresses the health care worker's consultation with prospective travellers. The third part gives specific recommendations for travellers to specific destinations and some details of individual drugs. Fuller information on some points was given in earlier versions of the guidelines, which should not be discarded. Meetings of the sort described above have been held since 1980 and the group's membership has included people with varied views and experience. The views expressed in these guidelines reflect experienced professional opinion, since data are inadequate for unequivocal views to be given on several issues. There is often a range of acceptable options, but to meet the requests of general practitioners the guidelines try to give one recommended option and state alternatives, suggesting when and how different regimens can be used to good effect. Decisions on the terms under which different drugs are licensed for use are the responsibility of the Licensing Authority, advised by the Committee on Safety of Medicines (not of these guidelines). The guidelines should be read as a supplement to and not as a substitute for the relevant data sheets. Chemoprophylaxis lies somewhere between vaccination (for which people expect governments to lay down schedules) and treatment of ill people (for which each physician does what seems most appropriate) in concept and practice. The risks of malaria need to be balanced against the risks of the preventive measures, on the basis of the data available. Travellers may ask for an explanation of these risks and doctors and practice nurses need to be well informed and able to present their knowledge to travellers. The second part of these guidelines may be of use to prospective travellers who wish to read about the options themselves. All readers are recommended to read part two in its entirety to get a balanced picture.
Commun Dis Rep CDR Rev 1997 Sep 19
PMID:Guidelines for the prevention of malaria in travellers from the United Kingdom. PHLS Malaria Reference Laboratory, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine. 937 99

Immunity to Plasmodium falciparum malaria is naturally acquired in individuals living in malaria-endemic areas of Africa. Abs play a key role in mediating this immunity; however, the acquisition of the components of Ab immunity, long-lived plasma cells and memory B cells (MBCs), is remarkably inefficient, requiring years of malaria exposure. Although long-lived classical MBCs (CD19(+)/CD20(+)/CD21(+)/CD27(+)/CD10(-)) are gradually acquired in response to natural infection, exposure to P. falciparum also results in a large expansion of what we have termed atypical MBCs (CD19(+)/CD20(+)/CD21(-)/CD27(-)/CD10(-)). At present, the function of atypical MBCs in malaria is not known, nor are the factors that drive their differentiation. To gain insight into the relationship between classical and atypical IgG(+) MBCs, we compared the Ab H and L chain V gene repertoires of children living in a malaria-endemic region in Mali. We found that these repertoires were remarkably similar by a variety of criteria, including V gene usage, rate of somatic hypermutation, and CDR-H3 length and composition. The similarity in these repertoires suggests that classical MBCs and atypical MBCs differentiate in response to similar Ag-dependent selective pressures in malaria-exposed children and that atypical MBCs do not express a unique V gene repertoire.
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PMID:The V gene repertoires of classical and atypical memory B cells in malaria-susceptible West African children. 2555 45