Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0024530 (malaria)
 44,886 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In a field study conducted in Burma, 54 semi-immune adults suffering from falciparum malaria (mean parasite count, 15 328/mm(3) before treatment) were given a single dose of a fixed combination of 750 mg mefloquine base, 1500 mg sulfadoxine, and 75 mg pyrimethamine (3 tablets of Fansimef). All these patients were cleared of asexual parasites by day 7, giving a cure rate of 100%; the mean clearance time was 2.6 days. Reappearance of parasitaemia occurred in 10 patients on or before day 7 and persisted for one day in 8 of them and for two days in 2 patients. It eventually disappeared without further treatment. No recrudescence occurred during the follow-up time of four weeks despite the fact that there was active transmission of Plasmodium falciparum in the area throughout the whole of the study period. The drug was generally well tolerated, though mild to moderate giddiness was reported by 49 patients (90.7%) and severe giddiness by 3 patients (5.5%). Nausea occurred in 25 patients (46.3%) and vomiting in 17 (31.5%).
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PMID:Falciparum malaria treated with a fixed combination of mefloquine, sulfadoxine and pyrimethamine: a field study in adults in Burma. 293 20

In a field study conducted in Burma, 60 semi-immune adults were randomly assigned to 2 treatment groups. The first (mean parasite count, 12717/mm3) received a single dose of a fixed combination of 500 mg mefloquine base, 1000 mg sulfadoxine and 50 mg pyrimethamine (2 tablets of 'Fansimef') plus 1 tablet placebo. The second group (mean parasite count, 11 863/mm3) were given 3 tablets of the same medication. The study was double-blind. Parasite count was checked daily for the first week and weekly for a further 3 weeks. Average times for parasite clearance were 1.47 d in patients receiving 2 tablets, and 1.87 d in those given 3 tablets. Asexual parasites reappeared on day 28 in one patient in each group, although they had been free of parasites during the previous 4 weeks; this could be due to reinfection. The drugs were generally well tolerated, though mild and transient giddiness was seen in 80% of patients in the first group and 96% in the second. Nausea was reported by 33% and 43% of patients respectively. No vomiting occurred in the first group but 8 patients vomited in the second (P less than 0.01). In conclusion it seems possible to treat falciparum malaria in semi-immune adults, weighing less than 60 kg, with a single dose of 500 mg mefloquine base, 1000 mg sulfadoxine and 50 mg pyrimethamine (2 tablets), instead of the higher dose (3 tablets) currently recommended. This reduces treatment cost and improves tolerance of the drugs.
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PMID:Double-blind trial to find dose range using a fixed combination of mefloquine, sulfadoxine and pyrimethamine in falciparum malaria: a field study on adults in Burma. 333 9

Different doses of mefloquine (20 and 30 mg/kg of body weight in children, and 750 and 1000 mg in adults) were tested in controlled clinical trials in 89 children and 60 adults who were semi-immune carriers of Plasmodium falciparum. There was no significant difference in the efficacy of the two doses, either in the children or in the adults. An RI-type resistance was found in 1 adult, when recrudescence occurred on day 7, and in 4 children, who showed recrudescence on day 14. In all 5 patients, spontaneous disappearance of parasites was observed at further parasitological checks, thus indicating that mefloquine has a prolonged action. One patient who vomited after taking the drug was successfully retreated with mefloquine on day 14.Nausea, giddiness, and vomiting are the three symptoms most frequently attributed to mefloquine. The incidence of nausea and giddiness was similar in both dosage groups, but the adults in the higher dosage group had a significantly higher frequency of vomiting than those in the low-dose group.In view of the rapid and reliable action of a single dose, mefloquine seems to be the drug of choice for treatment of cases of falciparum malaria that are resistant to 4-aminoquinolines and to sulfonamide-pyrimethamine combinations. A dose of 20 mg per kg of body weight for children and 750 mg for adults is sufficient for treatment of semi-immune persons.
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PMID:Single-dose treatment of falciparum malaria with mefloquine: field studies with different doses in semi-immune adults and children in Burma. 621 27