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Query: UMLS:C0024530 (malaria)
 44,886 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The case is reported of a 40-year-old woman who developed an eosinophilic lung infiltration during malaria prophylaxis with pyrimethamine-sulfadoxine (Fansidar). The patient had a severe condition with cough, fever, chills, dyspnea, weight loss and an unusual but characteristic radiologic picture. Corticosteroid medication was followed by a dramatic improvement in symptoms and complete resolution of the radiographic opacities within a few days. There was no recurrence after cessation of steroids. The authors believe that the cause of this lung disease was an allergic reaction to pyrimethamine-sulfadoxine (Fansidar). Some aspects of drug-induced eosinophilic pulmonary infiltrations are discussed.
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PMID:[Eosinophilic lung infiltration during malaria prophylaxis with pyrimethamine-sulfadoxine (Fansidar)]. 404 13

Forty cases of cerebral Plasmodium falciparum malaria seen at San Lazaro Hospital, Manila, Philippines from 1979-1981 were reviewed. These cases represented 7% of all Plasmodium falciparum cases seen during this period. All of the patients had fever and headache, 73% confusion, 70% chills, 68% jaundice or abdominal pain, 60% sweats. Findings more frequent in the fatal compared to the non-fatal cases were: the presence of schizonts in the peripheral smear, oliguria, coma, convulsions, urinary incontinence, jaundice, pulmonary symptoms and vomiting. Fatal cases were less likely to be clinically diagnosed as malaria and more likely to be diagnosed as hepatitis than malaria. The treatment and management of these cases is discussed.
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PMID:Cerebral malaria at San Lazaro Hospital, Manila, Philippines. 717 Jun 37

A 25-year-old man presented with a history of fever, chills and vomiting for three days. The parasite count was 207 ring-forms of P. falciparum per 1000 red cells. He developed hemoglobinuria and excreted hemoglobin in the urine 0.20-0.30 g/dl for 14 days during admission. Many blood transfusions were administered for correcting anemia. Although the malarial parasites disappeared one week after anti-malarial therapy, however, the fever and hemoglobinuria persisted. The Weil-Felix reaction OXK was positive with a titre of 1:40 on admission and increased to 1:160 on the second week. Chloramphenical and prednisolone were given for treatment of typhus fever and all symptoms subsided. Serum TCII levels were found to be increased and persisted high during the hemoglobinuria. The clearance of TCII was lower and increased relatively slowly to the normal level on day 30. On the other hand, TCII excretion in the urine was found to be increased during hemoglobinuria. These findings indicate that the catabolism and clearance of TCII in this patients is impaired with increased TCII excretion in the urine in parallel to the hemoglobinuria. Serum TCII level is, therefore, increased and persistently high in a patient with malaria and typhus fever infections with hemoglobinuria.
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PMID:Persistently elevated serum transcobalamin II in a patient with cerebral malaria and typhus infections. 762 77

The practices of health care workers and the population with regard to diagnosis of malaria and use of antimalarial drugs were studied in the city of Dakar from September 1991 to March 1992. Study included 847 heads of family, 191 treatment prescribers including 77 physicians, 53 nurses and 61 midwives, and 60 pharmacists. Three separate questionnaires were used: one for the population, one for physicians and paramedical staff, and one for pharmacists. The data collected showed that the 4 main symptoms used by both health care workers and the general population for diagnosis of malaria were fever, chills, vomiting, and headache. Treatment was administered upon suspicion of infection by 72% of treatment prescribers. Chloroquine was the drug most widely used by prescribers and for self-treatment of malaria. Prophylactic drug treatment was practised by all groups studied except treatment prescribers but was unappropriate for the target groups. Chloroquine is the drug most widely used to protect against the disease. Pharmacists have adequate supplies but distribution is poor. Despite promising results in the fight against malaria, further effort is needed to train health care workers and provide information to the population.
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PMID:[Health personnel and population practices in the diagnosis of malaria and use of antimalarial drugs in Dakar]. 763 9

To facilitate the design of malaria prevention and control programs in tropical Africa, a qualitative investigation of treatment seeking behaviors and perceptions of the causes and symptoms of malaria was conducted in a rural area in South Western Uganda's Masaka District. Components of the investigation included focus group discussions involving 42 participants recruited from women's clubs and prenatal and child health clinics, semi-structured interviews with 395 female outpatients 13 years of age and above and adult women escorting young children to government subdispensaries for treatment of a new malaria episode, and household interviews with 64 mothers. In this rural community, there is no specific word for malaria; rather, the word "omusujja" is used to refer to malarial symptoms as well as any kind of fever. Respondents consistently identified omusujja as the most prevalent, serious disease in their community. They linked its causation to food and drink, environmental conditions, vectors such as mosquitoes, and other illnesses. There was widespread awareness that omusujja presents differently according to age group, e.g. fever, refusal to suck, crying, vomiting, and mouth sores in infants as compared to miscarriage, vomiting, weakness, chills, and joint pain in pregnant women. Treatment is initiated promptly, although it mainly consists of use of local herbs; if the herbs fail to reduce the fever, hospital care is sought. Preventive methods cited included boiling water, cleaning cooking utensils, avoiding raw mangoes and roasted maize, and keeping mosquitoes out of the home. Recommended is a health education campaign emphasizing the role of mosquitoes in malaria transmission and the need for prompt medical intervention.
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PMID:Recognition, treatment seeking behaviour and perception of cause of malaria among rural women in Uganda. 770 65

The use of stand-by treatment for malaria by travellers depends on their knowledge, attitudes and behaviour. We examined the behavioural aspects of a cohort of travellers from Switzerland to low-risk malarial areas who, on recruitment, were provided with a kit containing medication for stand-by treatment, guidelines on the diagnosis of malaria, and materials for collection of blood samples for later confirmation of malaria. All subjects were urged to seek medical advice at the first signs of possible malarial symptoms. Illness (fever as the main indicator) was reported by 123 of the 1187 participants, often accompanied by shivering/chills (36.6%), headache (35.0%), gastrointestinal symptoms (69.9%), and myalgia and/or arthralgia (41.5%). Two-thirds of those ill failed to seek medical attention despite their symptoms and pretravel advice. Only 9 (7.3%) were actually beyond the reach of medical attention. The stand-by treatment was self-administered by 6 travellers, only one of whom had confirmed malaria. Two non-serious adverse events were reported. All users consulted a physician after administering the presumptive treatment. This stand-by approach is limited by inappropriate behaviour and poor malaria awareness among travellers. These negative factors can be mitigated by development of an improved kit containing a simple test for self-diagnosis.
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PMID:Behavioural aspects of travellers in their use of malaria presumptive treatment. 774 93

A 45-year-old Japanese male, who had been to the Central African Republic, was admitted to our hospital because of high fever with chills on July 29, 1994. He used chloroquine as a malaria prophylaxis during his stay and for 6 weeks after his return to Japan. On admission, Plasmodium ovale was detected in his blood smears and in the DNA analysis. He was treated successfully with chloroquine (1500 mg over 3 day period) and primaquine (15 mg/day for 14 days beginning day 4). Disappearance of malarial parasites in the peripheral blood smear occurred on the third day and his temperature returned to normal on the 4th day. Interestingly, he had thrombocytopenia and an abnormal grade in fibrin degradation products (FDP) concentration. This led to the suspicion of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). This report indicates the importance of thrombocytopenia which may develop into DIC even though P. ovale malaria infection rarely becomes severe. This is the second report of a P. ovale malaria case in the Central African Republic.
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PMID:[A case of Plasmodium ovale malaria with thrombocytopenia and an abnormality grade in FDP concentration despite the use of chloroquine as a malaria prophylaxis]. 775 55

A 22-year-old Indonesian woman became ill with fever and chills in the 7th month of her fourth pregnancy. Two days later she complained of palpitations. At admission again two days later, the temperature was 40 degrees C. The heart rate was 175/min. A blood slide contained trophozoites of Plasmodium vivax. The ECG showed an atrioventricular junctional tachycardia. Treatment consisted of 2 intramuscular injections of 0.5 g quinine hydrochloride administered with an interval of 4 hours. The following morning the temperature was normal and the heart rate had fallen to 100/min. The ECG showed a sinus rhythm. Further therapy consisted of 1.2 g quinine sulphate daily. This case does not support the view that pregnancy may predispose to a paroxysm of tachycardia. It is noteworthy that in this patient 1 gram of quinine hydrochloride not only controlled a malaria attack but also terminated a paroxysm of tachycardia.
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PMID:[Supraventricular tachycardia in a pregnant woman with tertiary malaria; a medical experience from the Indonesian period]. 786 19

Some 9% of deaths in Ghana are attributed to malaria, which also accounts for 30% of outpatient visits and 9% of hospital admissions. A survey conducted in four areas of Ghana revealed that the factors perceived as causing malaria included malnutrition, mosquitos, excessive heat, excessive drinking, flies, fatigue, dirty surroundings, unsafe water, bad air, and poor personal hygiene. Most adolescents had no idea how the disease was spread from person to person. The symptoms most frequently considered to be linked to malaria were yellowing of the eyeballs, chills and shivering, headache, a bitter taste, body weakness, and yellowish urine. Malaria was considered to be the most important disease in the communities of Kojo Ashong, Barekese, Barekuma and Oyereko. There was a widespread understanding that malaria adversely impacted the ability of adults to work and of children to attend school. Herbal preparations for self-medication included liquids for drinking, liquids for use as enemas, and potions for hot fomentation. Most people used the leaves of the neem tree (Adzadi rachta indica) to make such preparations. Most interviewees were aware of chloroquine used in the treatment of malaria. A few people sprayed their rooms with insecticide before going to bed in order to kill mosquitos, while others used repellent coils. Bednets were rarely used. There was little knowledge of how the transmission cycle of the parasite could be broken. One social implication of the disease is that if the breadwinner dies, the children may have to cease attending school. For Africa as a whole the annual economic burden of malaria was $ 0.8 billion in 1987; by 1995 it is expected to be $ 1.7 billion. The first step in any control program should be to educate the people about the cause and treatment of the disease. District assemblies should enact bylaws on the cleanliness of households, which inspectors should enforce.
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PMID:Socioeconomic factors in malaria control. 794 58

Malaria is estimated to have a worldwide incidence of more than 100 million clinical cases and approximately 1 million deaths per year. Korea, although previously known as an endemic area of tertian malaria (Plasmodium vivax), has been considered free from malaria as there had been no report on indigenous cases since 1984. Recently, however, we experienced an indigenous case of P. vivax infection in a young man who had never been abroad. The patient was a 23-year-old Korean soldier with 18-day history of recurrent fever and chill lasting 4 to 8 hours on alternative days since mid-July 1993. He had lived in Changwon, Kyongsangnam-do, before entering barracks located in Paju-gun, Kyonggi-do on June 1992, and had never been out of Korea. He had no history of blood transfusion nor parenteral use of drugs. The peripheral blood smears showed typical ring forms, trophozoites, and gametocytes of P. vivax, in addition to mild anemia and thrombocytopenia. After confirmation of the diagnosis, he was treated with hydroxychloroquine and primaquine. Follow-up blood smears no more revealed malaria parasites. It is not certain whether the present case is due to a resurgence of indigenous malaria or a secondary infection from introduced malaria. Whichever the source of infection the domestic occurrence of malaria cycle in Korea should be a warning sign in public health point of view.
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PMID:[Occurrence of tertian malaria in a male patient who has never been abroad]. 795 45


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