Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0024530 (malaria)
 44,886 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of antibodies recognizing the circumsporozoite (CS) protein of Plasmodium by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, in 2 subpopulations of women with significantly different enlarged spleen rates but similar exposure to malaria, on the north coast of Papua New Guinea. Antibody levels of immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody to CS protein in the high and low spleen rate groups were similar (56.2% and 55.1%) but there was a significant difference in IgM (29.6% and 16.7%). In neither group did antibodies increase with parity (age). In both groups a high level of either IgG or IgM antibody to CS protein was associated with a high spleen rate and women with hyper-reactive malarious splenomegaly were more likely to be positive for both. Lower parasite rates were associated only with increased IgM antibody titres. High levels of antibody to blood-stage parasites were also present in the high spleen rate group, suggesting that antibodies to the CS protein were not protective. It is considered that cell-mediated immunity may be deficient in women with persistent splenomegaly.
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PMID:The relationship between splenomegaly and antibody to the circumsporozoite protein of Plasmodium falciparum in two groups of women with high and low enlarged spleen rates in Madang, Papua New Guinea. 218 44

Chloroquine is currently the drug of choice for treatment of acute attacks of Plasmodium falciparum malaria in chloroquine-sensitive areas. In areas of low level resistance, this drug may still be used (25 mg/kg of body weight in three days) in semi-immune patients. In case of failure, or in areas of high level resistance, quinine (25 mg/kg/day for 3 to 5 days) or, in spite of increasing resistance, Fansidar should be prescribed. Mefloquine, Fansimef and Halofantrine ought to be strictly prescribed to delay occurrence of resistance. Severe attacks require quinine by continuous intravenous infusion. Spleen enlargement does not usually require specific treatment unless poor tolerance is observed. Blood transfusions present a considerable risk of HIV transmission. Appropriate malaria treatment may avoid blood transfusions thus preventing HIV dissemination in Africa.
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PMID:[Treatment of Plasmodium falciparum malaria in Africa (except cerebral malaria)]. 219 75

A 24-year-old woman presented with retinal hemorrhages, back from a travel in Cameroon. She took a chloroquine chemoprophylaxis. We diagnosed a malaria due to Plasmodium falciparum with anemia, splenomegaly and low parasitemia. A speedy clinical and ophthalmological recovery was obtained with mefloquine therapy. We discuss physiopathology of such uncommon retinal damage during malaria.
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PMID:[Malaria and retinal hemorrhages]. 220 Sep 39

The spread of drug-resistant organisms and increased international travel makes malaria a disorder of ever-increasing importance. This report reviews those aspects of malaria of surgical relevance. The importance of the spleen in host defence against malaria and other infections makes splenic preservation desirable whenever possible after rupture of the spleen. Tropical splenomegaly is caused by an abnormal immune response to malaria and is best managed medically. Careful selection of blood donors is essential to prevent transfusion malaria, and routine antimalarial prophylaxis is indicated for blood recipients in many endemic areas. The risk of postoperative malaria may justify chemoprophylaxis in certain patients.
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PMID:Surgical aspects of malaria. 220 86

A longitudinal study on the incidence of P. malariae was taken up from September 1988 to December 1989 in Bisra block, District Sundargarh, Orissa covering 38,615 population, which is mainly tribal. The area is a known hard-core malarious region in the Garhjat hill range in eastern India. In this study, out of 22,217 blood smears examined through weekly active surveillance, 7362 (33.1%) were found malaria parasite positive. Out of the total positive cases, 82 (1.1%) were P. malariae. These occurred mostly (91.4%) in persons below 40 years of age and children below 9 years accounted for 36.6% of total quartan malaria cases. In this age group the disease was found to be associated with splenomegaly (average enlarged spleen 2.07; spleen rate 45.9%) and 9 out of 13 mixed infections of P. malariae with P. falciparum and/or P. vivax were detected from this age group. This is the first report of quartan malaria from this area.
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PMID:Quartan malaria--an investigation on the incidence of Plasmodium malariae in Bisra PHC, District Sundargarh, Orissa. 220 32

Tropical splenomegaly is a pathologic condition due to multiple causes, endemic malaria being the major one. Twenty-eight black patients, 10 males and 18 females, residing in a tropical area, were investigated with US. The morphological features and major diameters of the spleen were studied and the splenic volumetric index (IVS) was calculated. Typical features were the presence of small intraparenchymal calcifications (46%) and the enlargement of splenic vessels, with US wall reinforcement (75%). No nodular lesions were detected, but increased frequency of organ lobulation was observed. A definite and uniform increase in splenic diameters was seen in all cases; IVS in particular was greater than the accepted confidence limit (21.5 +/- 6.5). This characteristic features should help the echographist to recognize this condition for they supply useful clinical information.
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PMID:[Tropical splenomegaly: echographic picture]. 223 91

Some enlarged spleens do not seem to be related with known pathogenetic mechanisms (passive congestion, functional workload, malignant infiltration and inflammatory or storage disorders). Non-tropical idiopathic splenomegaly (Dacie's syndrome) is a form of hypersplenism of unknown origin that evolves into a non-Hodgkin lymphoma, after a variable interval, in 20% of the patients. Tropical idiopathic splenomegaly (or hyperreactive malarial splenomegaly) develops when a chronic malarial challenge triggers an abnormal immunological response consisting in decreased suppressor T lymphocytes and increased amounts of circulating immunoglobulin M and immunocomplexes, which are cleared by the splenic macrophages. This peculiar response to malaria seems to be linked to particular HLA antigens. Other confusing splenomegalies are seen in Felty's syndrome, in populations subjected to recurrent infections, and in some families. Overlapping findings and diseases suggest chronic antigenic stimulation as a common feature, with diverse responses depending on the host. A small percentage (probably less than 3%) of normal individuals has minimal splenomegaly without any clinical significance.
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PMID:[Dacie syndrome and other splenomegalies without apparent cause]. 226 48

A sample survey in 37 villages covering 10,733 people in 1986-87 in the Koraput district, Orissa showed that the malaria prevalence is of a much higher order than that reported by the National Malaria Eradication Programme (annual parasite incidence between 14.3 and 26.8 during 1981-86). Out of 833 positives detected 714 had Plasmodium falciparum, 86 had P. vivax, 12 had P. malariae and 21 had mixed infections. There were 650 asymptomatic parasite carriers and 127 gametocyte carriers. The infant parasite rate was 15.82 per cent and average enlarged spleen (AES) in 2 to 9 yr old children was 1.98. In a year round fever survey in 22 villages, 5520 blood smears were collected and 1364 were found positive for malaria, with 77.3 per cent P. falciparum. In a mass blood survey conducted in a labour camp at an irrigation project, 610 people were examined, and 181 were positive. Nearly 40 per cent of migrants and 22 per cent of locals were positive, P. falciparum being dominant.
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PMID:Parasitological aspects of malaria persistence in Koraput district Orissa, India. 234 29

Tropical diseases are rare in childhood in European countries, but tourism and an increasing number of immigrants from countries with endemic malaria may lead to a higher incidence. Our report is about a 24 year old german pregnant who was infected with malaria tropica in Togo during the last trimester of pregnancy. Twenty days after delivery by Caesarean section one of the geminies showed symptoms of florid infection: irritability, fever, haemolytic anaemia, hepato-splenomegaly, and thrombocytopenia. Both placenta and peripheral blood smear revealed plasmodium falciparum in the erythrocytes.
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PMID:[Congenital malaria--a rare neonatal infection]. 235 29

Serum IgM levels, hepatic histopathology, and response to prolonged proguanil treatment were investigated in 15 patients with sickle cell anaemia (SS), aged 8-15 years, with persistent gross splenomegaly (PGS). They were compared with age- and sex-matched SS patients without splenomegaly and with AA controls. The mean +/- SD serum IgM levels were 249.7 (75) mg/100 ml in the SS patients with PGS, 157.6(57.3) mg/100 ml in the SS patients without splenomegaly, and 146.2(48.9) mg/100 ml in the AA controls. The differences between these mean values were statistically significant (P less than 0.05). Hepatic histopathology in 11 of these patients showed moderate to severe sinusoidal dilatation and portal lymphocytic infiltration. Of the 13 patients that were followed on daily proguanil therapy, 10 showed remarkable reduction in splenic size within 6 months. The mean splenic size diminished by 13.8(3.2) cm to 5.6(5.3) cm over the period. The difference was statistically significant (P less than 0.01). This study has confirmed the previous belief that malaria plays a role in the aetiopathogenesis of persistent splenomegaly in sickle cell patients in a fashion similar to, but not quite the same as in, tropical splenomegaly syndrome (TSS). It also underscores the need for malaria chemoprophylaxis in these patients.
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PMID:Persistent gross splenomegaly in Nigerian patients with sickle cell anaemia: relationship to malaria. 245 25


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