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Query: UMLS:C0024530 (malaria)
 44,886 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A cross-sectional study on malaria was undertaken in May 1989 in the settlements of Kalta and Barsuan iron ore mines situated in a hilly area of Sundargarh district. Fever surveys revealed slide positivity rates of 33.9% and 34.8% in Kalta and Barsuan, respectively. Malaria infection rates as recorded through mass blood surveys in the resident population were 23.5 and 13.8%, respectively. Children up to 9 years age suffered most from malaria and in the age group of 2-9 years 37.3%, children had enlarged spleens with an average enlarged spleen (AES) index of 1.7. P. falciparum was the most prevalent species followed by P. vivax and P. malariae. Malaria vectors viz., An. fluviatilis and An. culicifacies were present in high densities. The present paper also brings out the economic loss due to malaria to the mining industry.
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PMID:Prevalence of malaria and economic loss in two major iron ore mines in Sundargarh district, Orissa. 181 Jul 46

A 25 year-old primigravid woman developed chronic falciparum malaria at 23 weeks' gestation. Diagnosis was suspected on splenomegaly and haemolytic anaemia but without fever and confirmed by thin smears (Plasmodium falciparum) and serologic tests. She was successfully cured with chloroquine therapy. One week after her return from Cameroon, a 28 year-old woman was seen for malaria at 32 weeks' gestation. In spite of chloroquine therapy, foetal troubles appeared and a caesarean was performed. The newborn had an APGAR coefficient of 3 points and examination both of his blood films and the placenta revealed numerous trophozoites of P. falciparum. Chloroquine resulted in a rapid cure of the child. In endemic areas, parasitaemia is more frequent and dense during pregnancy, and especially in primigravidae. However, clinical symptoms remain rare because of acquired immunity. In case of no or loss of immunity, malarial infections are heavy and abortions are frequent. Congenital malaria is probably due to transplacental transfer of infected red blood cells of the mother. In endemic areas, the incidence is low due to the simultaneously transferred immunity. Emergency treatment is necessary because of life-threatening to both mother and child.
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PMID:[Malaria of the pregnant woman and the newborn]. 181 95

The impact of permethrin-impregnated curtains on the incidence of malaria episodes, parasitaemia and splenomegaly was assessed during a 22 month period in 2 groups of children aged 0.5-6 years. One group lived in houses where permethrin-impregnated curtains had been installed, the other group lived in houses without curtains. A significant reduction of incidence of malaria episodes, mean parasite density, parasite prevalence and splenomegaly was consistently observed in the intervention group towards the end of the period of moderate transmission, whereas no clear-cut impact could be demonstrated during the high transmission period. The influence of malaria pressure and community utilization on the protective efficiency of curtains is discussed. Because of their acceptability and the ease of reimpregnation, curtains proved to be a suitable technique for integration into primary health care.
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PMID:Permethrin-impregnated curtains in malaria control. 188 65

Seventy children from 7 months to 15 years old have been treated for malaria at Hospital Trousseau (Paris) during years 1987 and 1988. Thirty nine of them were living in France usually. The infection was one chiefly in Africa (68 cases), and by P. falciparum in 78% of children. The digestive symptoms were frequent (40/70); splenomegaly was observed in 40 children and hepatomegaly in 31. Anemia was present in 59 cases and mild thrombopenia for 31 cases. The C. reactive protein raised in 92% of cases. The diagnosis was late in 31 patients. Only one cerebral malaria case was observed. The chemoprophylaxis was unfitted or absent in 74% of children living in Paris. The chloroquino-resistance was clinically present in 17 cases and the mefloquine was more often used during 1988 year.
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PMID:[Malaria of importation in the child: epidemiological, clinical and therapeutic analysis. Apropos of 70 cases observed in a pediatric hospital in Paris]. 191 46

Hyperreactive malarious splenomegaly (HMS) reflects abnormal immune responses to malarial infection. The central question is whether HMS results from unusual patterns of malarial infection or from immune incompetence in the host. Family distributions of two features of the syndrome, splenomegaly and excessively high IgM levels, have been examined in a Papau New Guinea population in which HMS is exceptionally common. Segregation analysis of spleen grade shows that a major sex-linked gene controls hyperresponsiveness to malaria. This finding is supported by additional segregation analysis, which shows that an autosomal locus cannot account for a significant proportion of variation in spleen grade, and by path analysis, which rejects a model that assumes that parents contribute equally to the child's genotype. The sex-linked gene contributing to HMS was not mediated through sex linkage of a major gene for IgM concentrations, as shown by segregation analysis. It has yet to be determined whether this pattern of inheritance also applies to HMS occurring sporadically in other less severely affected populations. The applicability of these findings to the general variability in "normal" IgM responses to malaria also remains to be established.
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PMID:Analysis of the patterns of inheritance of splenomegaly and serum IgM levels in the Watut of Papua New Guinea. 201 6

Between October 1985 and September 1986, 488 children aged less than 15 years, 45 pregnant women, 21 other women and 18 men with tick-borne relapsing fever (TBRF) were seen at Mvumi Hospital, Central Tanzania. 88% of the children were less than 5 years old and 36% were less than 1 year. Twelve children were less than 1 month old and some of the 10 infants diagnosed at between 4 and 12 days of age were cases of congenital infection. The clinical features of TBRF in the children and pregnant women were compared with 129 children with a similar age distribution and 52 pregnant women, respectively, who had blood smears positive for malaria but negative for spirochaetes. The common presenting features in children with TBRF were a high fever, splenomegaly, convulsions, and meningism. The difficulty of differentiation from malaria is described. Severe disease in both children and adults was associated with high density of spirochaetes in blood smears. Of the 45 infected pregnant women, 22 (49%) went into labour. One of the deliveries was an abortion and 10 were preterm infants, 4 of whom died. There were no maternal deaths. The estimated overall mortality for children was 1.6%, and 2.3% for those aged less than 1 years; for the 95 children admitted it was 8.4%. Penicillin was a satisfactory treatment for all ages, with a relapse rate of 4.7%. Recommendations for patient management are given.
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PMID:Tick-borne relapsing fever in central Tanzania. 209 23

This study reflects the clinical pattern, diagnosis and management of cerebral malaria in 55 consecutive patients from Chittagong Hill Tracts. The predominant clinical features were: impaired consciousness with convulsion in a febrile patient with temporary residence in the endemic zone. Younger people were more prone to develop this condition. Thirty two patients (58.18%) were between 18-25 years. A high incidence of cerebral malaria was noted in blood group 'O' (37.5%) and group 'B' (33.33%). The malarial parasite count MPC was not proportional to the severity of the disease. Twenty four patients (43.63%) had malarial parasite count below 100% cumm. Anaemia (63.63%) and Jaundice (34.54%) were common, Splenomegaly (7.27%) was uncommon. Clinical features of cerebral oedema/raised intracranial pressure were not evident. CSF study was unremarkable except for raised pressure in 7 patients (12.65%). Response to intravenous quinine was satisfactory and yet the mortality was 11%.
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PMID:Cerebral malaria--an analysis of 55 cases. 209 10

Urbanisation is rapidly taking place in India. A sizeable number of people migrate to metropolitan cities to take up casual labour jobs and settle in pockets scattered all over the city. They generally pay frequent visits to their native place with a higher malarial endemicity and are believed to be important reservoirs of infection for the native population of metropolis. To investigate this problem, a survey was conducted in 1987-88 to compare the prevalence of chronic malaria in two such pockets of migrant population with that of local population of Delhi from nearby villages. Ninetyone out of 701 (12.84 per cent) immigrants investigated had fever clinically diagnosed as malaria at the time of survey, while in the native population 45 out of 646 (6.97 per cent) had such a history. The difference is statistically significant. Splenomegaly was also significantly higher in migrants (15.41 per cent) than in natives of Delhi villages (3.10 per cent). Migrant population is not covered by active surveillance and live in poor environmental conditions conducive to mosquito breeding and malaria transmission. A special attention needs to be paid to the migratory population in the anti-malaria programme in order to control the transmission of the disease in the cities.
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PMID:Role of migratory population in keeping up endemicity of malaria in metropolitan cities of India. 209 15

Morbidity due to infection with Schistosoma mansoni was investigated in a recently discovered highland focus around Lake Cohoha, Burundi. The distribution of the infection was very focal and morbidity patterns in populations from an endemic area A (prevalence 38%, mean egg load of positive subjects 231 eggs per gram [epg]), a less affected area B (16%, 90 epg) and a virtually non-endemic area C (5%, 45 epg), were compared; apart from schistosomiasis, the profiles of these populations were highly similar. The overall frequencies of diarrhoea were 36%, 25%, and 19%, respectively; of abdominal pain 86%, 78%, and 83%; of fatigue 7%, 2%, and 1%; of left lobe hepatomegaly 30%, 18%, and 9%; of right lobe hepatomegaly 18%, 10%, and 5%; of splenomegaly 18%, 10%, and 7%. Organomegaly was generally mild, even in area A. Within area A, the association between the presence of infection and diarrhoea, fatigue, hepatomegaly and splenomegaly was significant, but far less impressive than the results of the community-based comparison with areas B and C. The correlation with intensity was limited to an increased prevalence of diarrhoea and fatigue in the highest egg count group, and a more gradual increase (varying with age) in hepatomegaly and splenomegaly. The data are compared to other morbidity studies in subsaharan Africa, in particular one in the nearby Rusizi Plain. The lesser impact of malaria, the higher egg loads, the recent establishment of the focus and possibly parasite strain differences may account for the more apparent and more important schistosomiasis morbidity in the Cohoha focus.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:The morbidity of schistosomiasis mansoni in the highland focus of Lake Cohoha, Burundi. 212 66

The prevalence of anaemia during pregnancy was investigated in relation to parasite and spleen rates of pregnant women living in a defined study area in rural Madang, Papua New Guinea. The effects in pregnancy of anaemia, iron deficiency and malaria on the foetus were investigated. There is a high prevalence of anaemia in this population, with 44% of primigravidae and 29% of multigravidae having severe anaemia [haemoglobin (Hb) less than 8 g dl-1] after 28 weeks gestation. The odds ratio for severe anaemia at 0-16 weeks gestation in pregnant compared to non-pregnant women was 4.7 (P less than 0.0001). Forty-seven per cent of primigravidae and 32% of multigravidae had evidence of iron deficiency with high free erythrocyte protoporphyrin values (greater than 35 micrograms dl-1 whole blood) at antenatal booking. The risk of severe anaemia was significantly associated with splenomegaly and iron deficiency for all gravidae (splenomegaly P less than 0.05; iron deficiency, P less than 0.0002). Hb values at delivery were higher than at first attendance, with the greatest difference between groups malaria-positive at booking and malaria-negative at delivery (primigravidae 1.5 g dl-1, P less than 0.01; multigravidae, 0.7 g dl-1, P less than 0.01), indicating that malaria prophylaxis was an important factor in controlling anaemia. Two Hb groups were defined on the basis of the cut-off at 8 g dl-1, which corresponded to the lower quartile value at booking and delivery. A significantly increased risk of low birthweight was shown for primigravidae with values below 8 g dl-1 (65% v. 27%, P less than 0.025), but the prematurity rate was not significantly increased, indicating that the majority of babies were growth-retarded. Early pregnancy anaemia and iron deficiency were related to the risk of low birthweight in primigravidae. Current parasitaemia at delivery appeared a less important factor, although primigravidae with severe anaemia and parasitaemia at delivery had the lowest birthweights. The extent to which malaria control, using drug treatment and chemoprophylaxis, can reduce the risk of low birthweight will vary in relation to the prevalence and causes of anaemia in women.
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PMID:Consequences of maternal anaemia on outcome of pregnancy in a malaria endemic area in Papua New Guinea. 218 86


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