Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0024530 (malaria)
 44,886 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The present paper reports a case of 6-year-old male child, suffering from pallor, fever and hepatosplenomegaly. A clinical diagnosis of enteric fever with a second possibility of malaria was considered. Laboratory findings included bicytopenia, hyperbilirubinemia and raised liver enzymes. Bone marrow examination revealed active hemophagocytosis. On extensive search few amastigote forms of Leishmania donovani were seen. Patient was negative for other viral, bacterial and malaria infections. The final diagnosis of hemophagocytic syndrome associated with visceral leishmaniasis was made. There was response of anti-Leishmanial treatment with improvement in clinical condition.
 ...
PMID:Hemophagocytic syndrome associated with visceral leishmaniasis. 1674 36

Fever occurring during or after a period of time spent in a tropical area is an important element for both patient and the doctor attending him and having to cope with a varied differential diagnosis. First of all, it should be appreciated whether or not the case is an emergency, the admittance in the hospital being compulsory, or the case can be investigated in ambulatory. The differentiation between a "tropical fever" and a common one should be rapidly done, as certain tropical diseases have to be notified and isolation of the patient, identification of the new cases and contacts are recommended. A very carefully anamnesis, in order to define the place, period of time, the purpose of the travel, the specific chemoprophylactic measures, if other travellers have the same complaints should be done and a very good knowledge on the geography of parasitic and infectious diseases is required. Fever can be either acute or chronic. The clinical signs and symptoms accompanying the fever (rash, conjunctival chemosis, haemorrhages, flu like syndrome, jaundice, pulmonary signs, diarrhoea, hepatosplenomegaly, lymphadenopathy), will be considered in a context of a thorough differential diagnosis. The first choice laboratory investigations have to be completed with the specific ones and the quality of the laboratory, mainly in parasitology is essential. The first attitude, when the suspicion of tropical fever occurs, is to perform a systematic evaluation for malaria diagnosis. Travel medicine advice becomes indispensable and, if it is performed by a qualified person, it is very efficient. The recommendations have to take into account the purpose of the travel, the age, immune status and associated pathology of the subject, being adapted and personalized.
 ...
PMID:[Significance of fever following a trip to a tropical region]. 1675 48

A neuronal storage disease affecting 5 captive Humboldt penguins is described. One bird died after 3 days of lethargy and anorexia. The 4 remaining birds died after a slowly progressing course of disease with signs that included lethargy, weakness, and neurologic dysfunction. Neurologic signs included dysphagia and ataxia. Gross lesions in the first animal to die consisted of hepatosplenomegaly indicative of avian malaria, which was confirmed histologically. The 4 remaining animals were mildly to moderately emaciated. Moderate to marked vacuolation of the neuronal perikarya was observed in Purkinje cells, neurons of the brainstem nuclei, and motorneurons of the spinal cord in all birds. By electron microscopy the vacuoles represented multilayered concentric lamellar structures. These findings were indicative of sphingolipidosis. All animals had been prophylactically treated for avian malaria, aspergillosis, and possible bacterial infections with chloroquine, itraconazole, and enrofloxacin. Circumstantial evidence implicates chloroquine therapy as the possible cause of the storage disease.
 ...
PMID:Neuronal storage disease in a group of captive Humboldt penguins (Spheniscus humboldti). 1709 67

Hyper-reactive malarial splenomegaly (HMS) or Tropical splenomegaly syndrome(TSS), occurs in areas of high transmission of malaria. These children usually presents with gross splenomegaly and abdominal discomfort, while fever is not the usual manifestation in majority of them. It is a disease of young adults and rarely reported below 8 years of age. Here it is reported a three-year-old child who presented as pyrexia of unknown origin with hepatosplenomegaly, diagnosed as HMS.
 ...
PMID:Hyper-reactive malarial splenomegaly: rare cause of pyrexia of unknown origin. 1747 89

During a five year period, 233 cases of malaria (2.4%) were diagnosed among 9259 children with fever and hepatosplenomegaly seen in Asir Central Hospital, Abha, Saudi Arabia. The majority of these were below four years of age and came from Tihama, a hot, humid valley area in the Asir region. The infection was seasonal and occurred between December and May. Apart from fever, vomiting and hepatosplenomegaly, anemia was a common clinical finding; this was partly due to iron deficiency anemia, probably nutritional. Most of the cases responded to chloroquine therapy; however, three required intravenous quinine and two received Fansidar to effect eradication of the parasitemia. During the study, two patients died, one from cerebral malaria and the other from severe hemolytic anemia and hemoglobinuria. For prevention of malaria in this endemic area, an integrated program is advocated that includes the use of bednets impregnated with permethin, adequate treatment of proven cases and intensive health education on malaria control and nutrition.
 ...
PMID:Malaria in children - experience from Asir region, Saudi Arabia. 1758 50

Hepatosplenomegaly among Kenyan schoolchildren has been shown to be exacerbated where there is transmission of both Schistosoma mansoni and Plasmodium falciparum. This highly prevalent and chronic morbidity often occurs in the absence of ultrasound-detectable periportal fibrosis and may be due to immunological inflammation. For a cohort of school-age children, whole-blood cultures were stimulated with S. mansoni soluble egg antigen (SEA) or soluble worm antigen (SWA). Responses to SWA were found to be predominantly Th2 cytokines; however, they were not significantly associated with either hepatosplenomegaly or infection with S. mansoni or P. falciparum. In comparison, SEA-specific Th2 cytokine responses were low, and the levels were negatively correlated with S. mansoni infection intensities and were lower among children who were coinfected with P. falciparum. Tumor necrosis factor alpha levels in response to stimulation with SEA were high, and a negative association between presentation with hepatomegaly and the levels of the regulatory cytokines interleukin-6 and transforming growth factor beta(1) suggests that a possible mechanism for childhood hepatomegaly in areas where both malaria and schistosomiasis are endemic is poor regulation of an inflammatory response to schistosome eggs.
 ...
PMID:Hepatosplenomegaly is associated with low regulatory and Th2 responses to schistosome antigens in childhood schistosomiasis and malaria coinfection. 1828 96

Blood smear analysis is especially useful for diagnosing five infectious diseases: babesiosis, ehrlichiosis, relapsing fever due to Borrelia infection, malaria, and American trypanosomiasis (Chagas disease). It should be performed in patients with persistent or recurring fever or in those who have traveled to the developing world or who have a history of tick exposure, especially if accompanied by hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, or hepatosplenomegaly.
 ...
PMID:Blood smear analysis in babesiosis, ehrlichiosis, relapsing fever, malaria, and Chagas disease. 1864 88

Babesia is a malaria-like protozoan parasite spread by Ixodes ticks primarily from the white-footed deer mouse to humans. Typically it causes subclinical disease, but occasionally causes acute febrile disease with hepatosplenomegaly. We report a case of spontaneous splenic rupture of a 56-yr-old man with acute Babesia microti infection.
 ...
PMID:Case report: spontaneous splenic rupture during acute parasitemia of Babesia microti. 1898 34

Malaria is an infectious disease caused by plasmodium, which lives and breeds in human blood cells, and is transmitted through the bites of Anopheles mosquitoes. Renal impairment, often caused by malaria, is acute renal failure (ARF) due to acute tubular necrosis (ATN). Dengue virus is transmitted from human to human through Aedes aegypti mosquito bites. Dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF), the most severe stage of infection, is characterized by bleeding and shock tendencies (dengue shock syndrome, DSS). ARF is a less common complication in patients with DHF, with an incidence of less than 10%. Mixed infections of two infectious agents may cause overlapping symptoms and have been reported in Africa and India. We report here a patient with ARF due to mixed infection of severe malaria and DSS. The patient presented with fever and had a history of repeated malaria infection. Physical examination revealed stable vital signs and hepatosplenomegaly. Laboratory data showed hemoconcentration, thrombocytopenia and increased serum aminotransferase. Chest X-ray showed pleural effusion. A malarial antigen and thick smear examination showed the trophozoite stage of P. falciparum. On Day 3, blood pressure dropped to 80/60 mmHg, pulse was 120 beats/minute, weak, and body temperature 36.8 C, with icterus. Other tests revealed an increase of serum urea nitrogen and creatinine levels, and serologically anti-dengue IgG antibody (+) and anti-dengue IgM antibody (-). Based on these findings, we diagnosed the patient as having both malaria and DDS. We treated the patient with the parenteral anti-malarial agent, artemisinin. Supportive treatment and treatment of complications were also performed simultaneously for DSS. The patient experienced an oliguria episode but responded well to a diuretic. The patient was discharged after clinical and laboratory examinations showed positive progress.
 ...
PMID:Acute renal failure in a patient with severe malaria and dengue shock syndrome. 1900 May 45

An interpretation of historical, clinical, and laboratory data was made to identify the correlates of and the diversity between cerebral malaria (CM) and severe malarial anemia (SMA) in a setting of low, seasonal, and unstable malaria transmission in eastern Sudan. Hemoglobin (Hb), random blood glucose (RBG), and anti-MSP antibodies were measured. Results showed that SMA and CM were significantly different with regard to age, malaria history, fever duration, convulsions, and hepatosplenomegaly. The MSP Ab response was inversely correlated with the number of previous malaria episodes but not with fever duration in the current attack. The spleen size was significantly inversely correlated with Hb level while hepatomegaly was significantly associated with low RBG. Furthermore, two malaria patients presented with neuropsychiatric upset. Finally, the correlates of SMA and CM fit perfectly with an adopted severity numeric scoring.
 ...
PMID:Severe malaria in an unstable setting: clinical and laboratory correlates of cerebral malaria and severe malarial anemia and a paradigm for a simplified severity scoring. 1900 25


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>