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Query: UMLS:C0024530 (malaria)
 44,886 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Of 4651 admissions between February 1995 and February 1996, 1043 had a presumed diagnosis of malaria. Six hundred and twenty-seven cases were confirmed by thick blood film examinations. The highest prevalence was in October (124/480 admissions) and the lowest in March (12/303). Sixty-five children died while 562 survived, 12 with defects. The first treatment in 422 children was chloroquine, in 143 quinine, in 59 halofantrin, and in three pyrimethamine with sulfadoxine (Fansidar). 23/422 patients started on chloroquine were switched to halofantrine, two to quinine. A higher mortality was associated with coma, convulsions, hepatosplenomegaly, pulmonary congestion, jaundice, haemoglobinuria, bladder paralysis, anuria. Anaemia and fever were more severe and hypoglycaemia more frequent in children who died than in children who survived (packed cell volume 18.5 +/- 7.1 per cent vs. 25.6 +/- 7.6 per cent, p < 0.001; temperature 39 +/- 1.1 degrees C vs. 38.7 +/- 0.9 degrees C, p < 0.05; random blood sugar < 40 mg/100 ml; 76 vs. 22 per cent, p < 0.01). There was no difference in the median age, pretreatment duration, and prevalence of diarrhoea and sickle cell disease. The male to female ratio was 1.5:1 in the surviving children vs. 1:1.03 in the dead.
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PMID:Malaria prevalence and outcome in the in-patients of the Paediatric Department of the State Specialists Hospital (SSH), Maiduguri, Nigeria. 960 1

We report a case of congenital malaria in a newborn whose mother is a native of Zaire now living in Italy. The baby developed remittent fever in the 3rd week of life with anaemia and hepatosplenomegaly. Malaria parasites found in blood smears and erroneously diagnosed initially as Plasmodium falciparum were subsequently recognized as Plasmodium vivax. On the basis of the first diagnosis, treatment with quinine chlorhydrate was successfully undertaken without significant side-effects. P. vivax parasites were also recovered a posteriori in blood smears of the mother who was febrile during the week of her delivery. This report suggests that symptomatic congenital malaria may be more common than is generally thought and should be suspected in non-malarious countries in febrile newborns born to mothers who have travelled in or immigrated from malaria-endemic areas.
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PMID:Plasmodium vivax congenital malaria in a newborn of a Zairian immigrant. 969

A total of 405 cases of fever who were either admitted to the Hospital or attended in paediatric out patient Department or Emergency of Medical College Hospital, Calcutta between January '95 and November '95 were included in the study. Majority of cases presented with usual features of malaria like fever with chill and rigor, hepatosplenomegaly, pallor. Apart from these, complicated manifestations like shock, convulsion D.I.C and jaundice were also observed. Some unusual presentations with severe diarrhoea, dehydration and features like that of acute viral respiratory tract infection were highly confusing in terms of clinical diagnosis. P. falciparum was observed in 35.5% of cases. Overall therapeutic response to chloroquin was good, However, two patients died of cerebral Malaria. Five cases of severe malaria were caused by P. vivax however, other etiological features could not be found to attribute the severe nature of these illnesses.
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PMID:Resurgence of malaria in Calcutta in 1995: a hospital based study. 1038 10

Congenital malaria is an uncommon disease even in endemic areas. A 19-day-old female infant with congenital malaria is presented. The mother of the patient was diagnosed to have malaria at the seventh month of gestation and was treated with chloroquine orally for three days. No malarial prophylaxis was given. The infant developed fever, hyperbilirubinemia, anemia and hepatosplenomegaly postnatally. Thin blood smears revealed many Plasmodium vivax parasites. She was treated with oral chloroquine for three days. We emphasize the importance of adequate antenatal medical therapy and prophylaxis during pregnancy.
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PMID:Congenital malaria: a case report. 1077 Jun 83

The clinical spectrum of 14 cases of Plasmodium falciparum malaria (PF) who received empirical treatment and suffered from initial prolonged mild illness culminating into severe complicated malaria are presented. The empirical treatment (ET) consisted of adequate doses of chloroquine in 9, chloroquine with pyrimethamine-sulphadoxine combination in 3 and pyrimethamine-sulphadoxine alone in 2 cases. Moderate fever and weakness persisted for 7 to 28 days leading to anaemia and progressive hepatosplenomegaly in all patients. Other clinical features noticed included jaundice in 5, sudden shock with pulmonary oedema in 4, cerebral malaria and renal failure in 3 each and multiorgan in 4 cases. Subsequent investigations revealed PF rings in 9 cases, mixed PF and vivax infection in 3 and PF gametocytaemia only in 2 patients. Seven patients received quinine, 4 quinine with doxycycline and 3 were given quinine followed by injection artemether. Exchange transfusion was carried out in two cases. Four patients died. The empirical treatment with first line antimalarials alters the clinical profile of resistant PF, makes it milder temporarily, delays in confirming the diagnosis and leads to high mortality. There is urgent need for more diligent early workup for these patients who linger on with moderate pyrexia, progressive hepatosplenomegaly, anaemia and jaundice after ET till better diagnostic methods are available to avoid the prolonged illness and high mortality.
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PMID:The changed clinical spectrum of malaria due to drug resistance. 1077 49

The effect of a recombinant hybrid human interferon alpha (IFN-alpha) (which cross-reacts with murine cells) on C57BL/6 mice infected with Plasmodium yoelii sporozoites or parasitized erythrocytes was determined. IFN-alpha did not inhibit the development of the parasite in the liver, but it did reduce the blood parasite load and the hepatosplenomegaly induced by the infection in mice injected with blood-stage parasites. The extent of anemia in IFN-alpha-treated and control mice was similar, despite the lower parasite load in the IFN-alpha-treated mice. The reduced blood parasite load in IFN-alpha-treated mice was associated with reduced erythropoiesis and reticulocytosis. As reticulocytes are the preferred target cells for the strain of P yoelii used (P yoelii yoelii 265 BY), it was postulated that the inhibition of reticulocytosis in IFN-alpha-treated mice was causally related to the observed decreased blood parasite load. This was supported by the finding that IFN-alpha inhibited a different strain of P yoelii (17X clone A), which also displays a tropism for reticulocytes, but not a line of Plasmodium vinckei petteri, which infects only mature red blood cells. As human malaria species also display different tropism for reticulocytes, these findings could be relevant for people coinfected with multiple Plasmodium species or strains or coinfected with Plasmodium and virus. (Blood. 2001;97:3966-3971)
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PMID:Inhibition of Plasmodium yoelii blood-stage malaria by interferon alpha through the inhibition of the production of its target cell, the reticulocyte. 1138 41

A malaria survey was conducted to examine the presence of common clinical features of malaria in individuals living in an endemic area of malaria. The overall infection rate was 11.0% with 7.5% and 3.5% infected with Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium falciparum respectively. The mean parasitaemia level of both species was 2905.9 parasites/microliter blood, with the mean parasitaemia level of P. vivax and P. falciparum at 682.7 parasites/microliter blood and 6981.7 parasites/microliter blood respectively. The infection rates were higher in the younger age group. Hepatomegaly, hepatosplenomegaly and clinical anaemia were significantly associated with malaria. None of the patients were febrile. In conclusion, in low endemic areas, the presence of clinical anaemia, hepatomegaly and hepatosplenomegaly in afebrile individuals could be considered as useful criteria for the presence of asymptomatic parasitaemia. It is important to carry out laboratory diagnostic investigations, to ensure all the asymptomatic parasitaemia which act as reservoirs are detected and treated.
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PMID:Clinical features of malaria in Orang Asli population in Pos Piah, Malaysia. 1173 70

The clinical case of one patient with fever of unknown origin, due to granulomatous hepatitis of tuberculous etiology was presented. The patient was a a 50-year-old woman, with 50 days illness characterized by chills, 39 degrees C fever and heavy diaphoresis. She had a record of seven malaria cases. She looked thin and pale at the initial physical examination. During the evolution, she developed pancytopenia, massive hepatosplenomegaly, jaundice, and anasarca. The patient underwent screening tests for infection, neoplasias, collagenosis, and granulomatous diseases. The laboratory tests showed transaminase-alkaline phosphatase dissociation, which led to the final diagnosis of tuberculosis, through the histological examination of the liver parenchyma. The specific treatment against tuberculosis caused remission of fever, ascites, and hepatomegaly and normalization of liver tests, with satisfactory clinical evolution.
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PMID:[Granulomatous tuberculous hepatitis as cause of fever of unknown origin]. 1252 48

Schoolchildren from 2 areas of Kenya, Kangundo and Kambu, have contrasting prevalences of hepatosplenomegaly, despite having similar prevalences and intensities of Schistosoma mansoni infection. However, in individual children, S. mansoni infection intensity is positively correlated with organomegaly. In a previous study, hepatosplenomegaly was associated with Th1-type anti-schistosome cytokine responses. Although the high-morbidity Kambu area had higher malaria transmission than did low-morbidity Kangundo, hepatosplenomegaly was not associated with clinical malaria or with patent malarial parasitemia. However, chronic exposure to malaria might be involved. Here, retrospectively, we assayed plasma from this original study, for anti-Plasmodium falciparum and anti-S. mansoni antibodies, to test whether greater exposure to Plasmodium was a cofactor for hepatosplenomegaly. We found that hepatosplenic children had significantly higher levels of anti-P. falciparum antibodies, compared with nonhepatosplenic children, a finding that strongly suggests that some experience of P. falciparum influenced the development of hepatosplenomegaly in these S. mansoni-infected children.
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PMID:Associations between anti-Schistosoma mansoni and anti-Plasmodium falciparum antibody responses and hepatosplenomegaly, in Kenyan schoolchildren. 1269 17

A case of congenital malaria infection has been studied in a 46-day old female Korean infant. Her mother suffered from malaria infection during pregnancy in Uppervolta, Africa, and returned to Korea at the 9th month of gestation for delivery. At 39 days of age, the clinical features characterized by fever, irritability, pallor, jaundice and hepatosplenomegaly were developed. The laboratory data revealed a hemolytic anemia with thrombocytopenia, hyperbilirubinemia and increased hepatic enzyme values. A peripheral blood smear demonstrated intraerythrocytic malarial parasites snd gametocytes of Plasmodium falcifarum. She was successfully treated with quinine sulfate (25 mg/kg/day in three doses for 5 days) and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (8 mg/kg/day in two doses for 5 days) orally, and repeated blood smear had been negative for malaria. This report also signifies the frst description of congenital malaria in Korea imported from Uppervolta in Africa. A brief review of related literature was made.
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PMID:[A case of congenital malaria] 1289 Oct 34


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