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Query: UMLS:C0024530 (malaria)
 44,886 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Evaluation of 446 infants and young children (6 months to 5 years olds) with malaria parasitaemia showed a significant relationship (P < 0.05- < 0.001) (a) between coma and age, pattern of convulsions, haematocrit, and blood glucose, and (b) between the severity of parasitaemia and risk of convulsions, prevalence of hepatosplenomegaly, and severe anaemia. No significant relationship was observed between convulsions and temperature or haematocrit. Comatose children were older and had a higher prevalence of repeated convulsions, severe anaemia, and hypoglycaemia than non-comatose children. Convulsions, hepatosplenomegaly, and severe anaemia were more prevalent in children with moderate-severe parasitaemia. It is concluded that convulsions with malaria are more often a manifestation of cerebral dysfunction rather than being simply febrile in nature. All forms of cerebral dysfunction in malaria, including repeated convulsions, should be managed as being clinical manifestations of cerebral malaria.
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PMID:Convulsions with malaria: febrile or indicative of cerebral involvement? 813 57

The paper summarizes the results of clinical examinations of imported malaria in 48 patients, semi-immune foreigners infected with P. falciparum and P. vivax/P. ovale. Of the objective manifestations, hepatosplenomegaly was predominant in P. falciparum infections (34%), whereas in P. vivax infections its occurrence rate was 19%. Body temperature over 38 degrees C with shivering had a higher frequency in P. vivax (81%) compared to P. falciparum (41%) infections. Pathologically altered hematologic values, particularly mild to medium increase in sedimentation rate, were found in all patients with P. vivax/P. ovale, while in patients infected with P. falciparum only in those whose parasitemia exceeded 10,000 trophozoites in 1 microliter blood. Reduced values of hemoglobin, hematocrit, and mean erythrocyte volume are indicative of microcytic anemia of mild degree. Biochemical examinations yielded slightly increased values of the thymol turbidity test and mild reduction of serum proteins at simultaneous increase of albumins (8% of the patients examined). Of the parameters of humoral immunity, there was a rise in immunoglobulin values concerning particularly IgG and IgM, and that in all types of malarial infection studied. Increased values of circulating immunocomplexes had a high frequency rate with all plasmodial species, in P. falciparum infections independently of the degree of parasitemia. (Tab. 7, Ref. 13.)
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PMID:[The clinical picture of imported malaria and its relation to P. falciparum parasitemia]. 835 68

Generally speaking, with rapid international travel, it is very common to diagnose infectious diseases in areas where they were not known before. Nowadays, visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is documented in Egypt mainly in Al Agamy, Alexandria. Another case of infantile visceral leishmaniasis was identified in an adult farmer (unusual host) in Banha. Other studies all over Egypt (based on clinical and or serological diagnosis rather than demonstration of the parasites) raised the possibility of adult affection with visceral leishmaniasis. The point is that visceral leishmaniasis, shares many clinical manifestations with other diseases known in Egypt as schistosomiasis mansoni, hepatic amoebiasis, toxoplasmosis, and malaria. In the present study, out of 22 human cases with hypersplenism and suggesting manifestations, four gave seropositivity for VL, by the indirect haemagglutination tests (128 & more). Two of these four patients gave seropositivity by dot-ELISA (1:8000). Amastigotes of Leishmania parasite were demonstrated in the splenic smears obtained during splenectomy. One culture obtained from these two cases grew promastigotes. Typing is ongoing. It was concluded that visceral leishmaniasis should be in mind and considered in the differential diagnosis of patients with hepatosplenomegaly or hypersplenism in Egypt.
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PMID:Visceral leishmaniasis among hypersplenic patients in Dakahlia Governorate, Egypt. 837 75

Data were collected on 642 preschool children who presented consecutively to casualty with fever and no localizing signs. Four hundred and forty-six (69%) had malaria parasitaemia. The proportion of children with bacteraemia was similar in those children with malaria (43/446, 9.6%) and those without malaria (24/196, 12.2%, P < 0.5). The pathogens in both groups of children were mainly Staphylococcus aureus and coliform bacteria. Although children with malaria/bacteraemia had a significantly higher prevalence of anaemia (P = 0.001), hepatosplenomegaly (P < 0.01) and combination of hepatosplenomegaly and severe anaemia (P = 0.02), compared with children with malaria alone, there was no correlation between the severity of parasitaemia and prevalence of malaria with bacteraemia. The association of malaria with bacteraemia appears to be coincidental.
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PMID:Malaria with bacteraemia in acutely febrile preschool children without localizing signs: coincidence or association/complication? 850 67

Haematological surveys were carried out in 3 schools in 2 areas where Schistosoma mansoni is endemic in Machakos District, Kenya, before and after a treatment campaign using praziquantel. Earlier clinical impressions of differences in the levels of anaemia between the 2 areas were not confirmed. Although individual haemoglobin levels and haematocrits often fell below international norms, significant anaemia with abnormal red blood cell morphology was rare (< 5%), but varied between schools. Altitude could have accounted for some of these differences, but other factors, including diet and parasitism, were involved. Anaemia was associated with splenomegaly and, to a lesser extent, hepatosplenomegaly. Epidemic malaria (mainly Plasmodium falciparum) appeared to be the main cause of parasite-induced anaemia. There was no significant association with the scarce hookworm infections (mainly Necator americanus); nor did the much commoner S. mansoni cause severe anaemia at the community level, but haemoglobin levels dropped as its intensity increased. Treatment with praziquantel eliminated this trend except in a few subjects with splenomegaly alone (probably due to malaria) or with schistosomal hepatosplenic disease. Possible pathogenic mechanisms are reviewed, including the consumption of red blood cells by adult schistosomes as a possible cause of anaemia.
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PMID:Schistosomiasis mansoni in Kenya: relationship between infection and anaemia in schoolchildren at the community level. 873 Mar 12

While various infectious agents have been reported to induce hemophagocytic syndrome (HPS), protozoan malaria-associated HPS has not been documented. We describe a patient with Plasmodium falciparum malaria complicated by HPS. A 24-year old man with a history of recent travel in tropical areas was hospitalized with high fever and hepatosplenomegaly. Blood smear showed many of the erythrocytes infected with the ring form of P. falciparum. Laboratory data disclosed bicytopenia with coagulopathy, a high serum level of LDH, hyperferritinemia and hypercytokinemia. Bone marrow smear demonstrated proliferation of mature histiocytes with vivid hemophagocytosis. He was free from other active, disseminated viral, bacterial and fungal infections which have been reported to induce HPS. He recovered rapidly from HPS after resolution of the original malarial infection.
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PMID:Hemophagocytic syndrome induced by Plasmodium falciparum malaria infection. 892 89

We prospectively studied 50 Vietnamese patients with blackwater fever (BWF). All patients had fever and hemoglobinuria, 40 (80%) were jaundiced, 25 (50%) had hepatomegaly, 15 (34%) had splenomegaly, and 9 (18%) had hepatosplenomegaly. Twenty-one patients (42%) had impaired renal function, with creatinine clearances of < 50 mL/min/m2; however, only four (8%) developed oliguric renal failure, three (6%) of whom required dialysis. Forty-four patients (88%) developed anemia, which was severe (hematocrit, < 20% in 32 (64%). One patient died, representing a death rate for this once-feared disease that is considerably lower than that reported by earlier investigators. BWF was associated with quinine ingestion in 28 patients (56%), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency in 27 (54%), and concurrent malaria infection in 16 (32%). There was no statistically significant difference in the severity of BWF associated with each of these three factors, as assessed by creatinine clearance and the hematocrit value on admission and by the number of units of blood transfused. There was considerable overlap in the occurrence of G6PD deficiency, quinine ingestion, and malaria, suggesting that these factors may interact and that it may not be justifiable to regard hemoglobinuria caused by G6PD deficiency as a separate syndrome.
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PMID:Blackwater fever in southern Vietnam: a prospective descriptive study of 50 cases. 940 15

Tropical malaria in 188 Russians who have fallen ill in the Republic of Guinea was characterized by an acute onset, high irregular 6-day fever, intoxication, hepatosplenomegaly, moderate of severe forms, high incidence of recurrences. Combination of kinimax with fansidar seemed more effective than routine treatment with chlorochin.
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PMID:[Tropical malaria pattern in Russians living in the Republic of Guinea]. 899 19

We report a case of congenital malaria in a 2-month-old baby girl, born in Singapore of a Singaporean mother, who presented with fever for one week, gross hepatosplenomegaly and anaemia (haemoglobin 5.6 g/dL) and thrombocytopenia. Peripheral blood films showed Plasmodium vivax. There was no local transmission at that time, but the mother had spent the first 6 months of her pregnancy in Pakistan, where she had been treated for prolonged fever at 4 months amenorrhoea with ibuprofen alone. The mother and 2 siblings were asymptomatic and repeatedly tested negative on blood films for malaria parasites, but the mother tested positive for antibodies to Plasmodium on the Fluorescent Antibody Test. The child was treated with oral chloroquine and made an uneventful recovery. We postulate that this is believed to be the first recent case of congenital malaria in Singapore since it was declared malaria free in 1982. The diagnosis should be considered in babies of mothers who have travelled to places where malaria is endemic, as maternal infection may be unrecognised, and the child may be asymptomatic at birth.
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PMID:A recent case of congenital malaria in Singapore. 904 13

In a prospective study, 80 cases of fever with hepatosplenomegaly, anemia and leucopaenia coming from the hyperendemic zones for visceral leishmaniasis of North-Bihar, India were screened and subjected to bone marrow or splenic puncture for demonstration of Leishman-donovan bodies (LDB) and DIRECT AGGLUTINATION TEST (DAT) with antigen prepared by Harith et al. 59 cases were confirmed for Visceral Leishmaniasis (VL) by demonstration of LDB in which DAT was also positive in different titres ranging from 1:1600 onwards. Out of 21 cases in which the bone marrow was negative for parasite, DAT was positive in 10 cases. 8 Out of 10 cases responded to WHO regimen of treatment with sodium stibogluconate (SSG). Remaining two cases who did not respond to this therapy became positive for parasites on subsequent splenic aspirate. They were treated with pentamidine isethionate and were cured. 11 out of 80 cases showing a titre of 1:400 or lower in DAT, 6 proved to be cases of enteric fever and 5 of malaria. Thus DAT using Harith's antigen was found to be 100% sensitive and specific in detection of early cases of Indian VL.
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PMID:Direct agglutination test for early diagnosis of Indian visceral leishmaniasis. 925 70


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