Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0024530 (malaria)
 44,886 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The director of the hospital in Kapenguria and the Public Health Officer in the district of West-Pokot and a deputy medical director who had worked there before visited Chepkono, a village of some 20 huts spread around with serious signs of erosion. Their mission was to induce friends of Kenya in the Netherlands to donate money for the improvement of the health service, for the construction of clinics, and for educational programs. A small clinic consisting of 1 room decorated with pamphlets against AIDS, malaria, and other diseases was managed by the chief primary health care (PHC) assistant named Joseph. The village chief talked about the progression of school construction and the sanitary project. Joseph spoke about the strange disease that had all the signs of an epidemic affecting all ages with headache, fever, abdominal cramps, and muscle pain. A village elder added that the mouths of the deceased were black. At a hut there were about 10 people, among them a couple of children, probably also affected by the strange disease, sitting quietly watching the doctors. Each of them had lost 1 or more family members. The children were examined by the doctors, and it turned out that they suffered from a common ailment that good nutrition could relieve. Joseph got the assignment to procure milk powder and instant food for the use of the mothers. The doctors' conclusion was that in Chepkono the major ailment was meningitis or neck cramp. The examination would continue in the hospital in Kapenguria. The men were also informed that there was no vaccination against the strange disease. Joseph proved to be a capable PHC assistant knowing medicines and patients. Sanitary measures including toilet hygiene and boiling milk and water were recommended to avoid illness, and the guests departed.
 ...
PMID:[Chepkono, in the heart of a paradise]. 178 9

Occurrence of fevers and chills, headaches and body and joint pains, and body temperature and malaria parasitaemias were recorded monthly for a year for 121 Liberian adults. There was no apparent correlation between any of the symptoms and the presence or density of blood parasites; it was therefore not possible to define a case of clinical malaria in the study population, which was probably highly immune to infection. Only a few people with patent blood infections had elevated blood temperatures and these were below 37.5 degrees C. Malaria prevalence and levels of parasitaemia declined with age and indicated that immunity continues to develop well into adult age. The data did not support the view that adults experience symptoms at lower parasitaemias than children. Pregnant and non-pregnant women had similar levels of symptoms, but high levels of parasitaemia were found more frequently in the pregnant group.
 ...
PMID:Clinical and parasitological studies on malaria in Liberian adults living under intense malaria transmission. 181 34

In an open clinical trial, thirty patients 14 to 44 years old and with acute uncomplicated falciparum malaria were given halofantrine hydrochloride 500 mg (2 tablets) 6-hourly for 3 doses, a total dose of 1500 mg. All 30 patients were cured, with a mean asexual parasite clearance time of 47.6 hours and mean fever clearance time of 36.6 hours. Post-dosing side-effects occurred in 6 patients consisting of mild to moderate headache, dizziness and abdominal muscle spasm. Drug-induced hemolysis did not occur in two G6PD deficient patients. Twenty-three out of 28 isolates tested (82%) were resistant to amodiaquine, 3 (11%) were resistant to the sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine combination, and all were sensitive to chloroquine, quinine and mefloquine by in vitro microtests. The study confirms the efficacy of halofantrine hydrochloride as a blood schizonticide in falciparum malaria.
 ...
PMID:Halofantrine in the treatment of acute uncomplicated falciparum malaria in the Philippines. 181 90

This paper examines the relationship between clinical manifestations and parasitaemia in relation to malaria endemicity. Discriminant analysis, showed that fever alone can detect 74.4% of the parasite positive cases and the inclusion of other symptoms like headache, vomiting, nausea, bodyache and diarrhoea marginally increases the efficiency of discrimination (i.e., from 74.4% to 74.7%). It was observed that the association of symptoms with parasitaemia varies with the degree of malaria endemicity. The percentage of correct classification of parasite carriers varied from 45.7% in the immune population to 80.6% in the non-immune population. A significant difference was observed in the density grades between symptom positive and symptom negative cases. Slide examination in hyperendemic area does not give any advantage over the clinical examination and the data obtained from the slides collected during fever surveys tend to overestimate the malaria incidence in hyperendemic area.
 ...
PMID:Symptomatic diagnosis of Plasmodium falciparum malaria in field conditions. 191 84

Most cases of malaria in Zimbabwe are diagnosed on the basis of clinical suspicion, without laboratory tests. Of patients treated, between 10 and 30% have malaria parasites on blood slide examination. Can diagnosis be improved by a systematic history? We examined this question in 287 patients treated for malaria in an area of year-round transmission in Zimbabwe. The most common complaints were 'headache' (85.7%), 'bodily weakness' (79.0%) and 'fever/feeling hot' (73.2%). Eighty patients (28%) had malaria parasites on blood smear. Using the blood slide as the standard, we calculated the sensitivity, specificity and positive predictive value of a variety of clinical symptoms and signs. None had a positive predictive value substantially higher than the unknown diagnostic criteria used by health workers (28%). Multivariate analysis showed that 15 different demographic and clinical variables did not significantly predict a positive blood slide result. We conclude that, in this setting, clinical history alone will not improve the diagnosis of malaria.
 ...
PMID:Clinical diagnosis of malaria: can we improve? 199 39

Human malaria is caused by four species of the genus plasmodium. The sexual stage of the parasite occurs in the mosquito and asexual reproduction occurs in man. Symptoms of fever, chills, headache, and myalgia result from the invasion and rupture of erythrocytes. Merozoites are released from erythrocytes and invade other cells, thus propagating the infection. The most vulnerable hosts are nonimmune travelers, young children living in the tropics, and pregnant women. P. falciparum causes the most severe infections because it infects RBCs of all ages and has the propensity to develop resistance to antimalarials. Rapid diagnosis can be made with a malarial smear, and treatment should be initiated promptly. In some regions (Mexico, Central America except Panama, and North Africa) chloroquine phosphate is effective therapy. In subsaharan Africa, South America, and Southeast Asia, chloroquine resistance has become widespread, and other antimalarials are necessary. The primary care physician should have a high index of suspicion for malaria in the traveler returning from the tropics. Malaria should also be suspected in the febrile transfusion recipient and newborns of mothers with malaria.
 ...
PMID:Malaria. 201 38

This paper discusses the surgical and medical problems affecting off-shore oil drilling workers in the south-eastern Atlantic coastline of the Nigerian territorial waters; about 50-60 kilometers from land. There were a total of 1300 attendances at the off-shore clinic within 12 months, ie 3.6 daily for a workforce of 110, were successfully managed by 2 well-trained industrial staff nurses who were supervised by an experienced base doctor on-shore. Although, most of the patients were treated for minor medical and surgical conditions such as headaches, malaria, cuts and bruises, a few acute emergencies arose which had to be taken on-shore by helicopters, for subsequent management. Four accidental deaths occurred during the period, one of them was clearly preventable but there were no major disasters. This demonstrated the effectiveness and significant role which well-trained nurses can play in industrial health.
 ...
PMID:Medical problems in off-shore oil drilling in Nigeria. 205 60

415 nonimmune patients with acute signs and symptoms of falciparum malaria have been examined. The study has shown that 2/3 of patients had a moderate form of the disease, a severe form was noted only in 4.57% of patients. Classical symptoms of malaria--chill, body ache, headache--were observed only in half of the patients, 1/3 of patients had so-called masks of malaria--respiratory catarrh, pharyngitis, allergy, symptoms of enterocolitis. Early diagnosis and complex treatment with chloroquine or chloroquine combined with fansidar (1.16% of patients) promoted to a rapid improvement of the clinical symptoms and to favourable outcome. No fatal outcomes or severe complications have been observed. The mean duration of the disability period was 8.9 days. The first-degree resistance to chloroquine (clinical data) was noted in 11 patients, repeated manifestations of malaria occurred in 8.12% of patients and were more severe.
 ...
PMID:[The clinical picture of tropical malaria in nonimmune newcomers in endemic foci in Africa]. 223 40

Two cases of cerebral malaria with hyperkinetic shock are reported. The first case concerned a 39-year-old european male who was not taking any prophylactic anti-malarial drugs. After having had headache and fever for a week, he was admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) in coma and with jaundice. His initial systolic blood pressure was 60 mmg, with a central venous pressure (CVP) of -3 cmH2O. Five-hundred ml of modified fluid gelatin increased the CVP without raising the blood pressure. Haemodynamic investigations revealed a cardiac index (CI) = 5.2 l.min-1.m-2, peripheral arterial resistances (Rsa) = 290 dyn.s.cm-5, oxygen consumption (VO2) = 120 ml.min-1.m-2. Despite treatment with dopamine and dobutamine, the patient died 3 h after his admission, with a CI of 1.9 l.min-1.m-2. The second patient was a 14-year-old senegalese girl, admitted in circumstances similar to the first case. Initial haemodynamic investigations gave the following figures: CI 6.5 l.min-1.m-2, Rsa = 476 dyn.s.cm-5, VO2 = 174 ml.min-1.m-2. Recovery was obtained with fluid replacement therapy and dopamine. In the absence of another associated infectious disease, the plasmodial origin of the septic shock would seem to be the most likely in both cases. Pathophysiological mechanisms of these algid forms of malaria remain enigmatic. Various factors are discussed: cytoadherence of erythrocytes infected with Plasmodium falciparum, immunological disturbances, or a specific endotoxin.
 ...
PMID:[Hyperkinetic shock and cerebral malaria]. 224 Jul

Epidemics of a malaria-like illness affected several thousand residents of the Dam Camp, a refugee camp near Hargeysa in Somalia, during 1985, 1986, and 1987. The disease was characterized by fever, chills, sweats, headache, back and joint pains for as long as 10 days in some patients. Blood smears from acutely ill patients were negative for malaria. Of 28 acute and 10 convalescent sera tested by the indirect fluorescent antibody (IFA) and by the hemagglutination inhibition (HI) tests, all were negative for antibody to Rift Valley fever, Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever, Sindbis, Chikungunya, yellow fever, and Zika viruses. However, antibody reactive to dengue 2 virus was detected by the IFA test in 39% (15/38), and 11 of 29 (38%) of the same sera were antibody positive by the HI test. Also, IgG antibody reactive to dengue 2 was demonstrated in 60% (17/28) of the same sera by the enzyme immunoassay (EIA), and 14% (4/28) were positive for IgM antibody. Of ten patients for which acute and convalescent sera were available, two developed four fold or greater rises in antibody titer evidencing infection. These data suggested that dengue virus may have been the cause of the epidemic among the Dam Camp refugees.
 ...
PMID:Serological evidence of dengue fever among refugees, Hargeysa, Somalia. 260 May 91


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>