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Query: UMLS:C0024530 (malaria)
 44,886 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

For major diseases for which control measures are inadequate, research is an inexpensive approach on the basis of cost per infected person per year. Priorities among the infectious diseases affecting the 3 billion people in the less developed world have been based on prevalence, morbidity, mortality and feasibility of control. With these priorities in mind, a program of selective primary health care is compared with other approaches and suggested as the most cost-effective form of medical intervention in the least developed countries. A flexible program delivered by either fixed or mobile units might include measles and diptheria-pertussis-tetanus vaccination, treatment for febrile malaria and oral rehydration for diarrhea in children, and tetanus toxoid and encouragement of breast feeding in mothers. Other interventions might be added on the basis of regional needs and new developments. Aiming services at the most important diseases is the only rational approach to absolute proverty and unsanitary conditions. The goal is to help the greatest number of people in the cost effective method possible.
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PMID:Selective primary health care: an interim strategy for disease control in developing countries. 11 30

A recent paper discussed plants used in traditional medicine for fevers and malaria throughout Papua New Guinea (Holdsworth, 1975 a). This paper summarises information now available on plants used to treat gastric ailments, especially diarrhea and dysentery.
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PMID:Traditional medicinal plants used in the treatment of gastric ailments. 27 63

A retrospective study to investigate infant mortality was conducted in one of the poorest rural areas in Mali. The study was conducted through questionnaires, and was made among 811 women in 11 different villages. 3204 live births were recorded; 615 newborns, however, died before 1 year of life, i.e. an infant mortality rate of almost 250/1000. Main causes of mortality were obstetrical factors, tetanus, malaria, several types of pneumopathies, toxicoses, and nutrition disorders. Symptoms were the same in all villages, convulsions, cough, fever, and diarrhea. Action to improve the socioeconomic development of the area, set up a working national health structure, and a program of control of communicable diseases should be the first concern of local leaders and of national authorities.
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PMID:[An example of the application of factorial analysis of correspondences to infant mortality and its prevention in a rural area of West Africa]. 46 54

Weight, Height, head circumference, chest circumference, arm circumference and triceps skinfold of 223 children under 5 years from the small Mentawai island Sipora/Indonesia have been measured and related to international standards. Beginning from standard values, the anthropometric data decrease during the first 2-3 years, rising again in the following years. Weight for age is 72% of standard at 24 months and 83% at 5 years, height for age 89% at 30 months and 92% at 5 years, weight for height of the boys 82% at 12 months, of the girls 79% at 24 months and 94% for both at 4-5 years, chest/head ratio 95% at 12 months and 100% at 3-5 years. Arm circumference is 83% at 18 months 100% and above already at 3 years. Therefore, fold regains after the minimum of 90% at 18 months and above already at 3 years. Therefore, muscle growth would predominantly be reduced. The weight gain follows approximately the 3rd centile of english girls with a clear depression between 9 and 30 months. The birth weights of 476 children are 3230 g (boys) and 3120 g (girls). Perinatal mortality is low (2.9%), mortality during the first 5 years between 15 and 24%. In the health centre charts of 126 children under 5 years of a selected village (93% of that age group) 463 treatments in 5 years are recorded. The most frequent diagnoses are diseases of the respiratory tract (38% of all treatments), followed by malaria (23%), diarrhoea (19%), ascaris and hookworm infections (7.6%) and skin conditions (6%). Tuberculosis was the cause of treatment in 1.3%. In spite of the temporary growth retardation, as indicated by the anthropometric values, no cases of clinical Protein-Energy-Malnutrition have been observed. Malaria seems to be holoendemic, since all 223 children had a palpable spleen.
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PMID:[Nutritional status and health status of under-fives of the Mentawai island Sipora (Indonesia) (author's transl)]. 74 10

Clinical data on 24 civilian patients hospitalized for malaria in The New York Hospital were analyzed. Of 16 patients infected with Plasmodium falciparum, 14 acquired the disease in West Africa. Only three of the 24 had taken recommended courses of prophylaxis. Diagnosis was invariably, and often dangerously, delayed because physicians often made diagnoses of viral syndromes or used antibiotics; only one patient had a blood smear taken by a personal physician. Although all patients had fever and chills, classic malarial fever was seen in only seven patients; nausea, vomiting and diarrhea were common. Hepatomegaly and splenomegaly occurred in about half the patients. Blood smears stained in routine fashion by Wright's stain were positive in 23 of 24 patients. A normal leukocyte count was present in 19 of the 24 patients and thrombocytopenia in 16 of 23. The most frequent complications were those of central nervous system involvement. Therapy consisted mainly of chloroquine phosphate but other drugs, including quinine, pyrimethamine, sulfonamides and primaquine, were used in special situations. Suggestions for prophylaxis, diagnosis and therapy were made.
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PMID:Malaria - the mime. Recent lessons from a group of civilian travellers. 78 38

In addition to asking their patients about recent foreign travel, Canadian doctors need to be aware of what features to ask about in considering imported illnesses. Of these illnesses, malaria is one of the most common and serious. Because of its cerebral renal, pulmonary and intestinal complications, falciparum malaria must be distinguished from non-falciparum forms. Anyone with a fever who has arrived recently from an endemic area should be tested for malaria. In addition, headache, malaise, myalgias, arthralgias, low back pain, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea or cough should raise suspicion. Malaria should be remembered as a cause of coma. Persons taking any form of drug prophylaxis for malaria are not protected absolutely and those who are semi-immune can become severely ill occasionally.
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PMID:Symptoms and signs of malaria. 78 78

4 cases from the authors' experiences are added to the list of women who became pregnant during oral contraception while taking other drugs. 2 were 24- and 28-year-old epileptics taking Stediril and Mysoline, or primidone, a deoxybarbiturate. The 3rd was a 32-year-old woman who had forgotten 1 Stediril pill and taken 2 the next day, while taking 75 mg phenobarbital for a homeopathic regime. The 4th had been using Stediril for 5 years and had stopped for 2 months, and conceived during her 1st cycle after resuming the pill. She was taking drugs for migraine headaches, Nivaprine to prevent malaria, tetracyclines and trisulfazine for diarrhea. It is emphasized that when the usual pill side effects or regular withdrawal bleeding are absent in women on other medications, physicians should be alerted that the contraceptive action of the pill may be compromised.
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PMID:[Letter: Influence of certain drugs on the action of contraceptive pills]. 94 Jul 60

A survey for schistosomiasis in a village in the Gezira area of the Sudan in 1973 showed that there has probably been a great increase in the incidence of S. mansoni infection in the last 25 years. Severe morbidity was uncommon in this sample but overt infection was associated with the symptoms of bloody diarrhoea, tiredness, and possibly abdominal pain, and with a reduced level of haemoglobin. Hepatosplenomegaly was common and schistosomiasis is considered to have contributed to this, although hyperendemic malaria must also have been important in its causation.
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PMID:Infection with Schistosoma mansoni in the Gezire area of the Sudan. 95 63

This paper describes a study of the Danfa Comprehensive Rural Health and Family Planning Project, Ghana. The report compares information obtained from morbidity interviews with information obtained during subsequent health examinations. One to 4 days prior to examination by a team of physicians, 3,653 rural Ghanaians were interviewed by a team of auxiliary workers. Information obtained from the interview survey was noticeably different from examination diagnoses. Significant health problems such as malaria, intestinal parasites and diarrhea, as well as minor and chronic conditions were seriously under-reported. Interview findings were more accurate for children, women in the reproductive age group, and in cases in which the disease caused considerable discomfort or diability. Although individual examination was eight times as costly as an interview, small scale rural health examination surveys of a representative sample of the population are recommended to provide accurate morbidity information for health planners.
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PMID:Comparison of morbidity interviews with a health examination survey in rural Africa. 96

A retrospective study was carried out from January to September 1990 in a factory that manufactures textiles in Eldoret, Kenya. Over the study period, 1400 factory workers had 303 episodes of illness resulting in a loss of 720 productive man-days. This is an incidence of 289 episodes of illness per 1000 workers per year. On average, each episode of illness resulted in 2.4 man-days loss. Of all the episodes of illness, 58.8% were attributable to infective and parasitic diseases, 10.9% to respiratory system disorders and 21.7% to other conditions. Malaria constituted 53.1% of all episodes of illness, acute respiratory infection (ARI) 10.9%, physical injuries 5.6%, gastro-enteric illnesses 3.4% and other conditions 21.7%. For the productive man-days lost, 53.2% were attributable to malaria, 12.8% to ARI, 5.7% to physical injuries and 28.3% to other conditions. Abortions and worm infections resulted in loss of 7.0 man-days per episode of illness, diarrhoea 3.2, myalgia 3.0, ARI 2.8, eye diseases 2.7 and the rest below the average of 2.4 days. Apart from the physical injuries, there were no other occupational illnesses in the textile factory workers. Episodes of illness that occur during the last and the first week of the month constitute 61.0% of all illnesses. Mondays had 24.4% of the episodes of illness, Sundays 7.9% with the other days of the week constituting an average 13.5%.
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PMID:The pattern of morbidity and its effects on productivity of factory workers in Kenya. 129 19


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