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Query: UMLS:C0024530 (malaria)
 44,886 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We examined the fundi of 73 children aged between six months and six years with confirmed diagnosis of cerebral malaria at the Children's Emergency Ward of the University College Hospital, Ibadan. Normal fundi, papilloedema and retinal haemorrhages were present in 38(52.1%), 18(24.7%) and 17(23.3%), respectively on admission. There were no significant differences between the three groups with respect to age, sex, admission coma score, posture, packed cell volume, parasite density, serum glucose, and serum electrolyte profile on admission. The mortality rates were 16%, 22% and 47% in the normal, papilloedema and retinal haemorrhage groups, respectively (Chi-squared for linear trend = 5.587, p = 0.018). Retinal haemorrhage was significantly associated with death (chi 2 = 5.846, p = 0.0192; Crude Odds ratio = 4.1, 95% CI = 1.1, 15.6; p = 0.018). The association was still present after adjusting for other known risk factors for mortality, including age, sex, acidosis, parasite density, anaemia, deep coma, and hypoglycaemia (adjusted Odds Ratio = 4.6, p = 0.0688). Papilloedema alone was not associated with mortality when compared with normal fundi [Fischer's exact (p = 0.448)]. It is concluded that fundoscopic abnormalities are common in children with cerebral malaria, and that retinal haemorrhage is associated with a poor prognosis in such children with cerebral malaria. Therefore, fundoscopic examination is not only useful to rule out raised intracranial pressure before performing a lumbar puncture, but also a useful measure in assessing prognosis in children suffering from cerebral malaria.
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PMID:Retinal haemorrhage in cerebral malaria. 933 4

Japanese Encephalitis (JE), caused by Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), a flavi-virus, is the most significant aetiology of arboviral encephalitis worldwide. It has resulted in epidemics of encephalitis in the Indian subcontinent. Here, we report a case of 36-year-old female who presented with a short history of fever and headache followed by altered sensorium. Funduscopic examination revealed Papilloedema. Pyogenic or viral meningoencephalitis along with complicated malaria were kept as initial differential diagnosis. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) of brain revealed involvement of posterior limb of internal capsule and bilateral thalami in the form of haemorrhagic encephalitis along with obstructive hydrocephalus. Cerebro Spinal Fluid (CSF) serology (IgM ELISA) showed JE as the causative agent. Despite extensive literature search, we could not find a case of JE reported with hydrocephalus as a complication. This case highlights the typical and atypical features of JE including imaging findings and exemplifies the way, how diversely JE can present and would thus help in preparing management paradigms accordingly.
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PMID:Japanese Encephalitis Complicated with Obstructive Hydrocephalus. 2704 9