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Query: UMLS:C0024530 (malaria)
 44,886 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The numerous extrapulmonary manifestations of tuberculosis have been well described. Intracranial localizations, including brain stem tuberculoma, are very rare. The authors report a case of brain tuberculoma in a patient with a history of primary pulmonary tuberculosis successfully treated more than twenty years earlier. The patient presented with signs of infection, although the fever disappeared temporarily after successive treatments for malaria (confirmed Plasmodium faiciparum), as well as neurological signs with left hemiparesis. Chest radiographs showed no signs of progressive pulmonary tuberculosis, and blood tests, cerebrospinal fluid testing, and HIV serology were all negative. Treatments for maxillary sinusitis, the malaria, bacterial meningitis, and cerebral abscess were equally ineffective. Brain stem tuberculoma was diagnosed only when the patient was transferred to a hospital equipped with neuroimaging equipment and was confirmed after histopathological examination of the intracranial lesion biopsies and the detection of mycobacterium DNA by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in the cerebrospinal fluid. A review of 147 cases of intracranial tuberculoma reported in Africa between 1985 and 2001 points out the difficulties of both the differential diagnosis (tuberculoma or other intracranial space-occupying lesions) and treatment in African areas where neuroimaging is unavailable. Our patient's brainstem tuberculoma probably resulted from reactivation of latent tuberculosis.
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PMID:[Intracranial tuberculoma in Africa, with no available neuroimaging. Case report and review of the literature]. 1469 80

Osteomyelitis of the jaws was relatively common before the era of antibiotic therapy and preventive and restorative dentistry. Osteomyelitis is an acute or chronic inflammatory process that can involve cortical and trabecular aspects of bone or bone marrow. Cranial bones are infrequently involved, but spreading of inflammation with involvement of surrounding structures represents important risk, such as cerebral abscess, encephalitis, or meningitis. The mandible is more commonly involved than the maxilla. Dentogenic infections cause 38% of mandibular and 25% of maxillary involvement. Involvement of zygoma is very rare. Factors like viral fevers, malnutrition, malaria, anemia,tobacco chewing, immunodeficiency, osteopetrosis, Paget's disease of bone, and florid cemento-osseous dysplasia (FCOD) result in decreased vascularity of the affected bone, predisposing to the development of osteomyelitis. We present a case of osteomyelitis of left maxilla and zygoma with oroantral fistula in an immunocompetent adult male caused by dentogenic infection. The complete resolution of infection was gained with surgical treatment using nasal endoscope and antibiotic therapy. The aims of this paper are to illustrate diagnostic patterns, to report radiographic findings and surgical treatment using nasal endoscope in a case of osteomyelitis of maxilla and zygoma. The prognosis and cosmetic results are discussed.
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PMID:Role of nasal endoscopy in chronic osteomyelitis of maxilla and zygoma: a case report. 2211 May 19

Cerebral involvement in parasitoses is an important clinical manifestation of most of the human parasitoses. Parasites that have been described to affect the central nervous system (CNS), either as the dominant or as a collateral feature, include cestodes (Taenia solium (neurocysticerciasis), Echinococcus granulosus (cerebral cystic echinococcosis), E. multilocularis (cerebral alveolar echinococcosis), Spirometra mansoni (neurosparganosis)), nematodes (Toxocara canis and T. cati (neurotoxocariasis), Trichinella spiralis (neurotrichinelliasis), Angiostrongylus cantonensis and A. costaricensis (neuroangiostrongyliasis), Gnathostoma spinigerum (gnathostomiasis)), trematodes (Schistosoma mansoni (cerebral bilharziosis), Paragonimus westermani (neuroparagonimiasis)), or protozoa (Toxoplasma gondii (neurotoxoplasmosis), Acanthamoeba spp. or Balamuthia mandrillaris (granulomatous amoebic encephalitis), Naegleria (primary amoebic meningo-encephalitis), Entamoeba histolytica (brain abscess), Plasmodium falciparum (cerebral malaria), Trypanosoma brucei gambiense/rhodesiense (sleeping sickness) or Trypanosoma cruzi (cerebral Chagas disease)). Adults or larvae of helminths or protozoa enter the CNS and cause meningitis, encephalitis, ventriculitis, myelitis, ischaemic stroke, bleeding, venous thrombosis or cerebral abscess, clinically manifesting as headache, epilepsy, weakness, cognitive decline, impaired consciousness, confusion, coma or focal neurological deficits. Diagnosis of cerebral parasitoses is dependent on the causative agent. Available diagnostic tools include clinical presentation, blood tests (eosinophilia, plasmodia in blood smear, antibodies against the parasite), cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) investigations, imaging findings and occasionally cerebral biopsy. Treatment relies on drugs and sometimes surgery. Outcome of cerebral parasitoses is highly variable, depending on the effect of drugs, whether they are self-limiting (e.g. Angiostrongylus costaricensis) or whether they remain undetected or asymptomatic, like 25% of neurocysticerciasis cases.
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PMID:Parasitoses of the human central nervous system. 2304 8